Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB

tuse, plano-concave, naked; the proper margin very thin, entire, concrete, with a thicker, elevated, thalline margin. Graphis inusta, Ach.. Syn. p. 85.

Bark of Prinos verticillata, Canada, Kalm. (Ach.). In this variable genus, long observation is essential to any correct settlement of the species. The present appears to be wholly unknown here.

XIX. LECANACTIS, Eschw.

Apothecia immersed, rounded-irregular and lirellæform, always open, the cupular, carbonaceous, proper exciple connate with the thallus, which constitutes sometimes an accessory margin. Disk horny, somewhat plane, never connivent, veiled at first by the pruinose thallus, and bordered by the erect margin of the exciple. Thallus crustaceous.

L. impolita, Fr. Cr. tartareous, contiguous, chinky, glaucescent; apoth. immersed, dilated, maculæ form, obscurely fuscous, glaucouspruinose. Fr. Summ. Fl. Scand. Arthonia, Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2692. Parmelia, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 183. Lichen, Ehrh. Arthonia pruinosa, Ach.

Trunks. Pennsylvania, Muhl.

Tribe IV. CALICIACEÆ, Fr.

XX. TRACHYLIA, Fr.

Apothecia sessile, discrete from the thallus, orbiculate. Disk somewhat compact, ascigerous, margined by the innate, carbonaceous, proper exciple, or the exciple obsolete. Asci oblong. Thallus crustaceous.

This genus, for which I am not able to furnish a complete character, is distinguished from the other genera of the tribe by the sporidia being contained in asci. Several of the species have also a peculiar habit, quite different from that of the true Calicia.

1. T. tigillaris, Fr. Crust areolate-verrucose, bright greenish-yellow; apothecia innate; the disk originally naked, black, equalling the tumid margin. Calicium, Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 132. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 400. Trachylia, Fr. Summ. Fl. Scand.

Old rails and pales, and also on trunks. New England. New York, Halsey. Arctic America, Rich.

2. T. stigonella, Fr. Parasitical; exciple cupular, innate, black; the disk plane, black-pulverulent, equalling the thin, erect, black margin. Calicium, Ach. Syn. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 401. Trachylia, Fr. Summ. Fl. Scand.

(Crust of Pertusaria pertusa, var. coccodes; Fr.) Pennsylvania, Muhl. New York, Torrey.

XXI. CALICIUM, Pers., Fr.

Apothecia crateriform; a carbonaceous proper exciple margining a compact or powdery disk, composed of coacervate, naked sporidia. Thallus crustaceous.

Eschweiler's (Lich. Bras. 1. c. p. 61) reference of the Calicia to Fungi seems, so far as I can venture an opinion on his observations, hardly satisfactory. The crustaceous thallus, though often, from various causes, deficient, exists normally in every species, except the parasitical and doubtful C. turbinatum; and the structure of the exciple connects the genus, together with the related Trachylia and Coniocybe, closely with Lecideaceæ, quasi, to use Fries's expression, Lecidinarum degeneratio præcipitata.

SECT. I. Apothecia stipitate.

* Glaucescentia, Fr. Exciple more or less whitish-cinereous-pruinose.

1. C. viride, Pers. Crust granulose, yellowish-green; stipes somewhat elongated, black; apothecia turbinate-lentiform, whitish-cinereous beneath; the disk plane. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 386.

Decaying wood in mountain forests; New England.

2. C.lenticulare, Ach. Cr. somewhat tartareous, rugose-granulate, grayish-white; stipes straight, thick, rigid, black; apoth. lentiform, whitish-cinereous beneath; the disk plano-convex. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 386. C. clavellum, Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 138. C. claviculare, Ach. part. IcoN, E. Bot. t. 1465.

Decaying wood, common in mountain forests; New England. New York (C. claviculare), Halsey. Arctic America (C. clavic.), Rich.

3. C. curtum, Turn. & Borr. Cr. filmy, whitish; stipes short, thick, firm, very black; apoth. turbinate-cylindrical, with a coarctate, whitish margin; the disk becoming at length protruded-prominent. Turn. &

Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 148. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 387. ICON, E. Bot. t.

2503.

Decaying wood in the New Hampshire mountains. The protruded "disk often as long as the capitulum itself, and in the latter case giving the pilidium a miniature resemblance to a painter's brush." Lich. Brit.

4. C. subtile, Pers., Fr. Cr. filmy, leprous, white-glaucescent; stipes filiform, flaccid, black; apoth. lentiform-globose, naked, black; the margin at length reflected. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 388. C. debile, Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 151. Icon, E. Bot. t. 2462.

Decaying wood. Dead trees from which the bark has fallen in mountain forests; New England. Arctic America, Rich. Apothecia at first white-pruinose. Fr.

5. C. trichiale, Ach. Cr. of pale, squamulose, crenate granules; stipes commonly slender, elongated; apoth. turbinate, and, at length, from the swelling of the yellowish-brown disk, subglobose, white-cinereous beneath. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 389. Schar.! Spicil. p. 5.

Rough bark of trees, as of hemlock; and on decaying wood; New England.

** Fuscescentia, Fr. Apothecia more or less ferrugineous.

6. C. phæomelanum, Tuckerm. Cr. of scattered, dissected squamules, green (and fuscescent); apoth. subsessile, ferrugineous-fuscous, at length black; the powdery, black disk at length surpassing the tumid, smooth margin.

Fir-bark in the New Hampshire mountains, common. I should most readily compare this with Trachylia tympanella, Fr., from which it differs in its slightly stipitate apothecia, &c. It is very unlike any European Calicium that I am acquainted with, but I think must be referable to the genus.

7. C. hyperellum, Wahl. Cr. somewhat tartareous, granulose, greenish-yellow; stipes elongated, thick, firm, dull brownish-black; apoth. lentiform, ferrugineous beneath; disk brownish-black. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 389. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 140. IcoN, E. Bot. t.

1832.

Decaying wood in the mountains of New England.

8. C. trachelinum, Ach. Cr. filmy, somewhat smooth, grayish; stipes elongated, slender, firm, ferrugineous-fuscous, becoming at

length black; apoth. turbinate-lentiform, rufous-ferrugineous beneath, at length, together with the disk, blackish. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 390. C. sphærocephalum, Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 153.

Decaying wood, and on trunks; New England. New York, Halsey. The stipes sometimes branched in this, as in C. subtile, and other species.

9. C. melanophæum, Ach., Fr. Cr. granulate-conglomerate, milkwhite; stipes rather short, black; apoth. turbinate-globose, black and shining beneath, as is also the inflexed margin; disk pulverulent, ferrugineous-brown and nigrescent. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 391. Sommerf. Lapp. p. 179.

Decaying wood in the New Hampshire mountains. The crust deficient in my specimens, but the apothecia appear to me like those of the Swedish Lichen. Sommerfelt remarks that he has gathered it but rarely, and is uncertain whether it is any thing else than a variety of the last, to which Fries also originally referred it.

10. C. brunneolum, Fr. Cr. very thin, smooth, whitish; stipes elongated, very slender, often branched, black; apoth. (small) turbinateglobose, dark-yellowish-ferrugineous; the disk of the same color, obliterating the margin of the exciple. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 393. C. parietinum, Schar.! Spicil. p. 4.

Decaying wood in the mountainous districts of New England.

*** Flavo-virescentia, Fr. Apothecia yellowish-pruinose.

11. C. chrysocephalum (Turn.), Ach. Cr. granulate-conglomerate, bright greenish-yellow; stipes slender, often elongated, black, with often a greenish tinge; apoth. turbinate-lentiform, yellow-pruinose; the disk light-brown. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 143. E. Bot. t. 2301. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 393.

Rough bark of hemlock and other trees, and on decaying wood; New England.

12. C. phæocephalum, Turn. & Borr. Cr. of discrete, crowded, at length squamulose and crenate, fuscescent granules; stipes slender, blackish-fuscous; apoth. turbinate-lentiform, greenish-yellow-pruinose; disk dark-fuscous. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 145. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 394. ; cr. less perfect. Fr.! l. c. C. roscidum, p. Schær. ! Tuckerm. Enum. Lich. N. Amer. p. 55. IcoN, E. Bot. t. 1540. Decaying wood (8), Arctic America, Rich. (Herb. Hook. !).

SECT. II. Apothecia sessile; without crust; parasitical.

13. C. turbinatum, Pers. ing turbinate, sessile, free, thickish, inflexed margin.

Parasitical; exciple from globose becomshining-black, the disk impressed, with a Fr. Lichenogr. p. 402. C. sessile, DC.

Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 128. ICON, E. Bot. t. 2520.

On the crust, and in the verrucæ of Pertusaria pertusa, Ach. New England. New York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, Muhl.

XXII. CONIOCYBE, Fr.

Apothecia stipitate, spherical, suberose, without margin, bursting at the apex and becoming at length entirely pulverulent, and concealing the proper exciple. Thallus crustaceous.

C. nigricans, Fr. Crust very thin, leprous, white; stipes naked, from whitish becoming black; apothecia globose, naked, black. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 384.

Rough bark of hemlock and rock-maple; New England. It is with hesitation that I refer our plant to the European species, though it appears to agree with a specimen from Flotow. The genus is at once distinguishable from the other genera of the tribe, and several other species, as C. furfuracea, with yellow-pulverulent apothecia, and C. pallida, with pale, white-pruinose apothecia, not improbably occur with us.

Div. II. ANGIOCARPI, Schrad., Fr.

Tribe I. SPHÆROPHORACEÆ, Fr.

XXIII. SPHÆROPHORON, Pers.

Apothecia terminal, spherical, the thalline exciple at first closed, becoming at length lacerate-dehiscent. Nucleus globose, within cottonycartilagineous, without powdery with naked, black sporidia. Thallus vertical, fruticulose, crustaceous-cartilagineous without, solid within.

1. S. compressum, Ach. Thallus fruticulose, whitish, irregularly branched, compressed, fibrillose-ramulose; apothecia globose-depressed,

« AnteriorContinuar »