evidence of criminality, as according to the laws of the place, where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his apprehension and commitment, for trial, if the crime or offense had there been committed; and the respective judges and other magistrates of the two Governments shall have power, jurisdiction and authority, upon complaint made under oath, to issue a warrant for the apprehension of the fugitive or person so charged, that he may be brought before such judges or other magistrates respectively, to the end, that the evidence of criminality may be heard and considered; and if, on such hearing, the evidence be deemed sufficient to sustain the charge, it shall be the duty of the examining judge or magistrate to certify the same to the proper executive authority, that a warrant may issue for the surrender of such fugitive.

The expense of such apprehension and delivery shall be borne and defrayed by the party who makes the requisition and receives the fugitive.

ARTICLE II.

The Stipulations of this Convention shall be applied to any other State of the German Confederation, which may hereafter declare its accession thereto.

ARTICLE III.

None of the contracting parties shall be bound, to deliver up its own citizens or subjects under the Stipulations of this Convention.

ARTICLE IV.

Whenever any person, accused of any of the crimes enumerated in this Convention, shall have committed a new crime in the territories of the State, where he has sought an asylum, or shall be found, such person shall not be delivered up under the Stipulations of this Convention until he shall have been tried and shall have received the punishment, due to such new crime, or shall have been acquitted thereof.

ARTICLE V.

The present Convention shall continue in force until the First of January, One thousand eight hundred and fifty eight, and if neither party shall have given to the other six months previous notice of its intention then to terminate the same, it shall further remain in force until the end of twelve months, after either of the high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of such intention; each of the high contracting parties, reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at any time after the expiration of the said First day of January, One thousand, eight hundred and fifty eight.

ARTICLE VI.

The present Convention shall be ratified by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States and by the Government of Bavaria and the ratifications shall be exchanged in London within fifteen months from the date hereof, or sooner if possible.

In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention and have hereunto affixed their Seals.

Done in duplicate in London the twelfth day of September One thousand, eight hundred and fifty three, and the seventy eighth year of the Independence of the United States.

Concluded May 26, 1868; ratification advised by the Senate June 29, 1868; ratified by the President July 17, 1868; ratifications exchanged September 18, 1868; proclaimed October 8, 1868. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 49.)

I. Necessary requirements.
II. Liability for prior offenses.
III. Former convention continued.

ARTICLES.

IV. Resumption of former citizenship.
V. Duration.

VI. Ratification.

His Majesty the King of Bavaria, and the President of the United States of America, led by the wish to regulate the citizenship of those persons, who emigrate from Bavaria to the United States of America, and from the United States of America to the territory of the Kingdom of Bavaria, have resolved to treat on this subject and have, for that purpose appointed plenipotentiaries to conclude a convention, that is to say:

His Majesty the King of Bavaria:

Dr. Otto, Baron of Voelderndorff, Councillor of Ministry, and:
The President of the United States of America:

George Bancroft, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, who have agreed to, and signed the following articles:

ARTICLE I

Citizens of Bavaria, who have become, or shall become naturalized Citizens of the United States of America and shall have resided uninterruptedly within the United States five years, shall be held by Bavaria to be American Citizens, and shall be treated as such.

Reciprocally: Citizens of the United States of America who have become, or shall become, naturalized Citizens of Bavaria, and shall have resided uninterruptedly within Bavaria five years shall be held by the United States to be Bavarian citizens and shall be treated as such.

The declaration of an intention to become a citizen of the one or the other country has not for either party the effect of naturalization.

ARTICLE II.

A naturalized Citizen of the one party on return to the territory of the other party remains liable to trial and punishment for an action punishable by the laws of his original country and committed before his emigration; saving always the limitation established by the laws of his original country, or any other remission of liability to punishment.

ARTICLE III.

The convention1 for the mutual delivery of criminals, fugitives from justice, in certain cases, concluded between the United States on the one part and Bavaria on the other part, the twelfth day of September one thousand eight hundred and fifty three, remains in force without change.

ARTICLE IV.

If a Bavarian, naturalized in America renews his residence in Bavaria without the intent to return to America he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization in the United States.

Reciprocally: if an American naturalized in Bavaria renews his residence in the United States without the intent to return to Bavaria, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization in Bavaria.

The intent not to return may be held to exist when the person naturalized in the one country resides more than two years in the other country.

ARTICLE V.

The present convention shall go into effect immediately on the exchange of ratifications, and shall continue in force for ten years. If neither party shall have given to the other six months previous notice of its intention then to terminate the same, it shall further remain in force until the end of twelve months after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of such intention.

ARTICLE VI

The present convention shall be ratified by His Majesty the King of Bavaria, and by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Munich within twelve months from the date hereof. In faith whereof the Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this convention.

Munich, the 26 May, 1868.
SEAL.
SEAL.

GEO. BANCROFT

DR. OTTO FHR. VON VÖLDERNDORFF.

PROTOCOL.

Done at Munich, the 26. May, 1868.

The undersigned met to day to sign the treaty agreed upon, in conformity with their respective full powers, relating to the Citizenship of those persons, who emigrate from Bavaria to the United States of America and from the United States of America to Bavaria; on which occasion, the following observations, more exactly defining and explaining the contents of this treaty were entered in the following protocol:

1. RELATING TO THE FIRST ARTICLE OF THE TREATY:

1., In as much as the copulative" and " is made use of, it follows, of course, that not the Naturalization alone, but an additional five years' uninterrupted residence is required, before a person can be regarded as coming within the treaty; but it is by no means requisite, that the five years' residence should take place after the naturalization.

1 Convention of 1853, p. 35.

It is hereby further understood that if a Bavarian has been discharged from his bavarian Indigenate or on the other side, if an American has been discharged from his american Citizenship in the manner legally prescribed by the Government of his original country, and then acquires naturalization in the other country in a rightfull and perfectly valid manner, then an additional five years' residence shall no longer be required, but a person so naturalized shall from the moment of his naturalization be held and treated as a Bavarian, and reciprocally as an american citizen.

2., The words "resided uninterruptedly" are obviously to be understood, not of a continual bodily presence, but in the legal sense, and therefore a transient absence, a journey, or the like, by no means interrupts the period of five years contemplated by the first article.

II. RELATING TO THE SECOND ARTICLE OF THE TREATY.

1., It is expressly agreed that a person, who under the first article is to be held as an adopted Citizen of the other state, on his return to his original country, cannot be made punishable for the act of emigration itself, not even though at a later day he should have lost his adopted Citizenship.

III. RELATING TO ARTICLE FOUR OF THE TREATY.

1. It is agreed on both sides, that the regulative powers granted to the two Governments respectively by their laws for protection against resident aliens, whose residence endangers peace and order in the land, are not affected by the treaty. In particular the regulation contained in the second clause of the tenth article of the bavarian Military Law of the 30. of January 1868, according to which, Bavarians emigrating from Bavaria before the fulfilment of their military duty, cannot be admitted to a permanent residence in the Land till they shall have become 32 years old, is not affected by the treaty. But yet it is established and agreed, that by the expression "permanent residence" used in the said article the above described emigrants are not forbidden to undertake a journey to Bavaria for a less period of time and for definite purposes, and the royal bavarian Government moreover, cheerfully declares itself ready in all cases in which the emigration has plainly taken place in good faith, to allow a mild rule in practice to be adopted.

2., It is hereby agreed, that when a Bavarian naturalized in America and reciprocally an American naturalized in Bavaria takes up his abode once more in his original country without the intention of return to the country of his adoption, he does by no means thereby recover his former citizenship; on the contrary, in so far as it relates to Bavaria, it depends on his Majesty the King whether he will, or will not in that event grant the bavarian citizenship anew.

The article fourth shall accordingly have only this meaning, that the adopted country of the emigrant cannot prevent him from acquiring once more his former citizenship; but not, that the State, to which the emigrant originally belonged is bound to restore him at once to his original relation.

On the contrary, the citizen naturalized abroad must first apply to be received back into his original country in the manner prescribed by its laws and regulations, and must acquire citizenship anew, exactly like any other alien.

But yet it is left to his own free choice, whether he will adopt that course or will preserve the citizenship of the country of his adoption.

The two plenipotentiaries give each other mutually the assurance that their respective Governments in ratifying this treaty will also regard as approved and will maintain the agreements and explanations contained in the present protocol without any further formal ratification of the Same.

[SEAL.
[SEAL.]

GEO. BANCROFT

DR. OTTO FHR. V. VÖLDERNDORFF.

BELGIUM.

1845.

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded November 10, 1845; ratification advised by the Senate March 26, 1846; ratified by the President March 30, 1846; ratifications exchanged March 30, 1846; proclaimed March 31, 1846. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 52.)

This treaty contained twenty articles, and was terminated August 20, 1858, by notice given by the Belgian Government.

1858.

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded July 17, 1858; ratification advised by the Senate March 8, 1859; ratified by the President April 13, 1859; ratifications exchanged April 16, 1859; proclaimed April 19, 1859. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 56.)

This treaty contained eighteen articles, and was terminated July 1, 1875, by notice given by the Belgian Government. (See Treaty of 1875, p. 47.)

1863.

CONVENTION RELATIVE TO IMPORT DUTIES AND CAPITALIZATION OF SCHELDT DUES.

Concluded May 20, 1863; ratification advised by the Senate February 26, 1864; ratified by the President March 5, 1864; ratifications exchanged June 24, 1864; proclaimed November 18, 1864. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 60.)

This convention contained five articles, and those which were not transitory have been superseded by the Treaty of 1875, p. 47.

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