THE AMERICANA A Universal Reference Library COMPRISING THE ARTS AND SCIENCES, OF THE WORLD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH MANAGING EDITOR GEORGE EDWIN RINES ASSISTED BY MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND OF THE MOST EMINENT SCHOLARS AND AUTHORITIES IN AMERICA AND EUROPE ILLUSTRATED SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN COMPILING DEPARTMENT 225 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE AMERICANA 178002 OCT - 91913 AE to AM34 6 DEPARTMENT AND ADVISORY EDITORS ELECTRICITY WILLIAM MAVER, JR., C.E. Consulting Electrical Engineer, New York WILLIAM MOREY, JR., C.E. Consuliing Civil and Mechanical Engineer New York STEEL ALBERT SAUVEUR, S.B. Professor of Metallurgy, Harvard University Adrain Professor of Mathematics, Columbia JUDAISM ABRAM S. ISAACS, A.M., Ph.D. Professor of Semitic Languages, New York University HISTORY OF THE NATIONS UNITED STATES ANDREW C. MCLAUGHLIN, A.M. Editor of "American Historical Review" CANADA GEORGE MCKINNON WRONG, A.M. University Professor of History, University of Toronto WILLIAM T. BREWSTER, A.M. CHARLES WILLIAM COLBY, A.M., Ph.D. Professor of English, Columbia University Professor of History, McGill University AMERICAN LITERATURE MEXICO EDWARD EVERETT HALE, S.T.D., LL.D. ELISHA HOLLINGSWORTH TALBOT Author of "The Man Without a Country' A.uthor “Commercial and Industrial Mexico" GREAT BRITAIN HALFORD JOHN MACKINDER, M.A. Director of the School of Economics and Polit. ARCHITECTURE AND THE FINE ARTS ical Science in the University of London GERMANY HUGO MÜNSTERBURG, Ph.D., LL.D. Professor of Psychology, Harvard University FRANCE HON. HILAIRE BELLOC "Robespierre, Paris," etc. ITALY J. S. KENNARD, Litt.D., D.C.L., L.H.D. Author of “ Italian Romance Writers," “ StudiSMITH ELY JELLIFFE, M.D., Ph.D. Danteschi,” “Romanzi e Romanzieri Italiani," "Les Femme dans le Roman Italien,” “The Editor “Medical News." Fallen God," etc. JAPAN Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Yale Uni- versity; Lecturer on Philosophy, Western Reserve University; Lecturer on Education AUSTRALIA HON. JOHN GREELEY JENKINS Premier of South Australia 1901-5; AgentNew York General in London for South Australia |