BOOK III. Chapter II. time, when I come to speak of the modifications inClassificatory troduced into it by Martin, and by De Bure. Systems. In the year preceding the publication of the Bibliotheca Thuana, Garnier gave to the learned world his able and elaborate Systema Bibliotheca Collegii Parisiensis Societatis Jesu. I give the classes and the main divisions only, in the first form in which they appeared. Class I.-THEOLOGY:- Class II.-PHILOSOPHY: 1. Holy Scriptures. 4. Interpreters of the Old severally. 5. Collections of the Fath ers, both Greek and La tin (Bibliotheca Pa- 6. Greek Fathers. 7. Latin Fathers. 8. Scholastic Theologians. versial Theologians. 10. Casuists. 11. Ascetics. 12. Preachers. 1. Philosophers. 4. Grammarians. 6. Poets. Literæ humaniores. 7. Philologists. Class III.-HISTORY:1. Geographers. 2. Chronologists. 3. Universal History,both ecclesiastical and political. 4. General History of the Church. 5. History of particular Churches. 6. History of Religious Orders. 7. History of Saints. GARNIER'S SCHEME. 11. French History. nish, Swedish, etc.) 19. Genealogical History.' 20. Literary History. 775 21. Iconological History BOOK III. Chapter II. (Archæology, Numis- Classificatory matics, etc.) 22. Natural History. 23. Artificial History. 24. Fabulous History. 2. Canon and Ritual Law. 5. Foreign Law (of vari- 6. Law of Nations. Father Garnier's scheme embraces, in the whole, 461 sub-divisions, of which 74 belong to Theology; 88 to Philosophy; 227 to History; and 72 to Jurisprudence; and it may fairly be said that in its minutest ramifications it bears the marks of honest and intelligent labour. The arrangement of the classes "History" (at least as to its first twenty sections) and "Jurisprudence" displays, I think, a great improvement on all preceding systems. In common with the latter, that of the class "Philosophy" is clumsy and confused. Grammar, Rhetoric, Poetry, Poetics, and Philology, are all embraced in this class, whilst works of fiction, both in prose and verse, form a section of the class History, under the designation Historia fabu Systems. BOOK III. Chapter II. Systems. losa. The vast field of "Politics," using that term in Classificatory its widest sense, is inclosed in another section of the same class, and is named Historia artificialis; and the author defines it as including (1) what relates to man individually—his food, clothing, housing, death, and burial; (2) what relates to man as existing in families— marriage, servitude, etc.; (3) what relates to societies of men; and so on. The formidable division "Heterodoxia," (Hæreticorum et impiorum libri in octo ordines,) brings up the rear, but may be regarded rather as an appendix to the preceding classes than as itself forming a fifth class. Leibnitz' 2 1 About the year 1700, Leibnitz drew up his Idea bibliothecæ publicæ secundum classes scientiarum ordinanda, in which he proposes ten main divisions viz.:--I. Theology; II. Jurisprudence; III. Medicine; IV. Intellectual Philosophy; V. Mathematics (Philosophia rerum imaginationis); VI. Physics (Philosophia rerum sensibilium); VII. Philology (Res linguarum, but including Poetry); VIII. Civil History; IX. Literary History and Bibliography; X. Collective Works and Miscellanies. In this classification it will be seen the term "Philology" is used in a sense almost co-extensive with that in which bibliographers now commonly employ the word "Literature"; whilst "Medicine" makes almost its last 1 Adding, after considerable amplification on these heads, "ad hoc caput, referuntur quæ traduntur de præmiis et poenis, de militia, de mercimoniis, de artificiis, de agricultura," etc.—Systema, etc., 86. 2 Published by Feller in Otium Hanoveranum, 128-138. (Leipz. 1718, Svo.) Comp. Guhrauer, Bibliothekarisches aus Leibnizens Leben und Schriften, (Serapeum, xii, 27-30). appearance in the character of an independent division of human knowledge. BOOK III. Chapter II. Classificatory Systems. Marchand's Scheme, as deve Faultrier Catalogue. Nearly at the same period Prosper Marchand was busied in elaborating a new system which, as he hoped, loped in the was to be philosophical in its basis, expansive in its scope, and practical in its adaptability to the arrangement of books. But he did not publish this scheme until 1709, when it was developed in his Catalogus librorum bibliotheca Joachimi Faultrier. In this catalogue we have the following classification: This plan, however, met with small favour. Its author had previously introduced some slight modifications into that of Bouillaud, and these seem to have kept their place. In 1709, also appeared the Dispositio Catalogi Biblio- The Fontanini theca J. Renati Imperialis (at Rome), by Giusto Fon Catalogue. BOOK III. Chapter II. Systems. tanini, (afterwards Archbishop of Ancyra, and author Classificatory of Biblioteca della Eloquenza Italiana,) under the five classes-I. Theology; II. Jurisprudence; III. Philosophy (1. P. rationalis; 2. P. naturalis; 3. P. Historia naturalis; 4. P. moralis; 5. P. politica; 6. Medecina; 7. Mathesis; 8. Astronomia;) IV. History; V. Polymathy (1. Philologia; 2. Rhetorica; 3. Poetica; 4. Grammatica.) This classification is worked out in great detail, the number of divisions or chapters being sixty-two, and that of sections no less than 1828. In the arrangement of the latter the alphabetical order appears to have been adopted wherever it was practicable. Girard's Scheme. 1 Amongst the papers of the Abbé Girard-author of the once celebrated Synonymes, and of the Principes de la Langue Française-was found the MS. of a new bibliographical system, widely different from all which I have hitherto noticed. Its merits, be they what they may, are buried beneath a barbarous nomenclature which must have gone far to deprive them of all chance of recognition. Human knowledge is by him arranged in six classes, each with precisely six divisions, and each division is subdivided into two sections, neither more nor less. "Class nods at class, each section has a brother, 2 A very brief specimen must suffice. The six classes are: I. THEOLOGY; II. NOMOLOGY (Social Science): III. 1 Romæ, ex off. F. Gonzage: reprinted in Koehler's Sylloge, etc., 1728. This scheme is given at length in the Encyclopedia of Diderot and d'Alembert, ii, 761-765, (1st edition). |