act shall be construed to extend to prohibit the importation or vending, printing, or publishing, of any map, chart, book, musical composition, print or engraving, written, composed, or made, by any person not being a citizen of the United States, nor resident within the jurisdiction thereof.

Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That any person or persons, who shall print or publish any manuscript whatever without the consent of the author or legal proprie tor first obtained as aforesaid, (if such author or proprietor be a citizen of the United States, or resident therein,) shall be liable to suffer and pay to the author or proprietor, all damages occasioned by such injury, to be recovered by a special action on the case founded upon this act, in any court having cognisance thereof: and the several courts of the United States empowered to grant injunctions to prevent the violation of the rights of authors and inventors, are hereby empowered to grant injunctions, in like manner, according to the principles of equity, to restrain such publication of any manuscript as aforesaid.

Sec. 10. And be it further enacted, That, if any person or persons shall be sued or prosecuted, for any matter, act, or thing done under, or by virtue of this act, he or they may plead the general issue, and give the special matter in evidence.

Sec. 11. And be it further enacted, That, if any person or persons, from and after the passing of this act, shall print or publish any book, map, chart, musical composition, print, cut, or engraving, not having legally acquired the copy-right thereof, and shall insert or impress that the same hath been entered according to act of congress, or words purporting the same, every person so offending shall forfeit and pay one hundred dollars; one moiety thereof to the person who shall sue for the same, and the other to the use of the United States, to be recovered by action of debt, in any court or courts of record having cognisance thereof.

Sec. 12. And be it further enacted, That, in all re

coveries under this act, either for damages, forfeitures, or penalties, full costs shall be allowed thereon, any thing in any former act to the contrary notwithstanding.

Sec. 13. And be it further enacted, That no action or prosecution shall be maintained, in any case of forfeiture or penalty under this act, unless the same shall have been commenced within two years after the cause of action shall have arisen.

Sec. 14. And be it further enacted, That the "Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned," passed May thirty-first, one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and the act supplementary thereto, passed April twenty-ninth, one thousand eight hundred and two, shall be, and the same are hereby, repealed; saving, always, such rights as may have been obtained in conformity to their provisions.

Sec. 15. And be it further enacted, That all and several of the provisions of this act, intended for the protection and security of copy-rights, and providing remedies, penalties, and forfeitures, in case of violation thereof, shall be held and construed to extend to the benefit of the legal proprietor or proprietors of each and every copy-right heretofore obtained, according to law, during the term thereof, in the same manner as if such copyright had been entered and secured according to the directions of this act.

Sec. 16. And be it further enacted, That whenever a copy-right has been heretofore obtained by an author or authors, inventor, designer, or engraver, of any book, map, chart, print, cut, or engraving, or by a proprietor of the same if such author or authors, or either of them, such inventor, designer, or engraver, be living at the passage of this act, then such author or authors, or the survivor of them, such inventor, engraver, or designer, shall continue to have the same exclusive right to his book, chart, map, print, cut, or engraving, with the benefit of each and all the provisions of this act, for the

security thereof, for such additional period of time as will, together with the time which shall have elapsed from the first entry of such copy-right, make up the term of twenty-eight years, with the same right to his widow, child, or children, to renew the copy-right, at the expiration thereof, as is above provided in relation to copy-rights originally secured under this act. And if such author or authors, inventor, designer, or engraver, shall not be living at the passage of this act, then, his or their heirs, executors and administrators, shall be entitled to the like exclusive enjoyment of said copy-right, with the benefit of each and all the provisions of this act for the security thereof, for the period of twenty-eight years from the first entry of said copy-right, with the like privilege of renewal to the widow, child, or children, of author or authors, designer, inventor, or engraver, as is provided in relation to copy-rights originally secured under this act: Provided, That this act shall not extend to any copy-right heretofore secured, the term of which has already expired.

Organization of the Post-office Department, under the late Act of Congress.-The duties of the Department are divided and distributed as follows, viz:

Contract Office. To this office are assigned the duties of arranging the connections of the mails on all the mail routes in the United States, adjusting the speed of the mails, fixing on the frequency of their trips, and the mode of conveyance, making out advertisements for mail service, receiving the bids, preparing them for the action of the Postmaster-general, preparing forms of contracts, sending them out, and seeing to their execution, ex

amining and preparing for decisions all propositions for changes in the mail service, fixing on the location of distributing post-offices, directing the course of distribution, providing and sending out mailbags, and mail-locks and keys, and performing all acts appertaining to post-roads, which are necessary to put the mails in motion, and regulate their conveyance, speed, and connection.

This office is under the superintendence of J. R. Hobbie, Esq., first assistant Postmaster-general, to whom all proposals for mail service, and all letters relating to the making or changing of contracts and schedules, to mail-bags, locks, and keys, and every thing else having reference to the duties of the office, should be directed.

Appointment Office.-To this office are assigned all questions which relate to the establishment and discontinuance of post-offices, changes of site and names, appointment and removal of postmasters, as also the giving of instructions to postmasters, furnishing them with blanks and the performance of all other acts necessary to prepare post-offices for the reception and proper management, and the distribution of the mails.

This office is under the superintendence of Robert Johnston, Esq., second assistant Postmastergeneral, to whom all letters relative to the subjects mentioned above, and all complaints against postmasters should be directed.

Inspection Office.-To this office is assigned the duty of seeing that all postmasters at the beginning and end of routes, and such other as may be directed by the postmaster-general, keep and return,

registers of the arrival and departure of the mails, according to law; of examining said registers, noting all delinquencies of contractors, and preparing them for the action of the postmaster-general, receiving and preparing for decision, all special complaints against contractors; and doing all other things which may be necessary to secure a faithful and exact performance of their contract service on the part of contractors.

Postmaster General.-In addition to the general superintendence of these offices, the postmastergeneral reserves to himself the special superintendence of the business connected with mail depredations, the payment by postmasters of the balances due from them; the bank accounts of the department; of seeing that all postmasters render their quarterly accounts according to law, and the instructions of the department; the opening of dead letters, and the dispositions of the valuables found in them, and every other matter having relation to the administration of the department, not committed to his three assistants. All letters relative to losses in the mail, or mail depredations; all letters from postmasters enclosing certificates of deposite; all letters of banks having reference to their accounts, and all other letters in relation to any matters or things appertaining to the department which is not assigned by law to the Auditor, or by regulation to one of the assistants, should be addressed to the postmaster-general.

Auditor's Office. -The late law established the office of Auditor of the Treasury for the postoffice department. To this office the law assigns