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QUERIES:-Thomas Hussey, M.P. for Whitchurch, 88Common Garden Covent Garden-Sir William Ogle House and Garden Superstitions" Wer nicht liebt Wein, Weib, und Gesang"- "Comaunde"-Col. Charles Lennox, 89-St. Peter as the Gate-Keeper of HeavenChurchwardens and their Wands-Holmes Family, co. Limerick-First Illustrated English Novel-Sir Edward Lutwyche, Justice of the Common Pleas-Brass Plate in Newland Church, Gloucestershire-Peas Pottage -Postal Charges in 1847, 90-John Mundy, 91. REPLIES:-The City Coroner and Treasure-Trove, 91The King's Own Scottish Borderers, 92-St. George's, Bloomsbury-Mews or Mewys Family, 93-CoverloSheffner: Hudson: Lady Sophia Sydney: Sir William Cunningham, 94-The "Fly": the "Midge"-Colours of Badge of the Earls of Warwick, 95-Peat and Moss: Healing Properties-William III.'s Motto-'The Man with the Hoe,' 96-Northanger Abbey': "Horrid" Romances, 97-Wellington at Brighton and Rottingdean -Cleopatra and the Pearl-A Lost Life of Hugh Peters, 98-Henley, Herts-The Side-Saddle, 99. NOTES ON BOOKS:-'The Place-Names of Durham'"The Quarterly Review." Notices to Correspondents. THE FIRST ENGLISH PROVINCIAL NEWSPAPER. WHICH provincial town was the first to possess a newspaper has been the subject of much controversy. Two present-day claimants to the honour may be ruled out of the discussion altogether. These are Berrow's Worcester Journal, which claims to have commenced in 1690, but which did not see the light until 1709 (see the present writer's articles at 11 S. x. 21 and 46), and The Lincoln, Rutland, and Stamford Mercury, claiming to have been founded in 1695, but really starting in the middle of the eighteenth century, an earlier newspaper of the same name, with which it had no connexion, having commenced in 1713. (See MR. ADCOCK's article at 11 S. vii. 471 and MR. Jos. PHILLIPS's article at 5 S. ix. 215.) The learned articles on English Provincial Presses,' by Mr. W. H. Allnutt, printed in Bibliographica, vol. ii. (1896), do not seem to be well known, and must be Mr. Allnutt summarily dismisses the claims of the Worcester and Stamford papers, and then draws attention to a letter by Dr. Thos. Tanner, afterwards Bishop__of St. Asaph and a celebrated antiquary. The letter is dated Aug. 1, 1706, is addressed to Browne Willis, the Bucks antiquary, and is to be found among the Bodleian MSS. Allnutt's extract from the letter and comments upon it should serve as the startingpoint of the history of the subject. Dr. Tanner writes : Mr. "The Norwich newspapers are the principal the advertisements, he clears near 50s. every week, support of our poor printer here, by which, with selling vast numbers to the country people. As far as I can learn this Burgess first began here the printing news out of London: since I have seen the Bristol Postman, and I am told they print also a weekly paper at Exeter.' (Harl. 5958.145) is No.348 of the Norwich Post, to "Among Bagford's papers in the British Museum be published weekly. Containing An Account of the most remarkable transactions, both foreign and Domestick. From Saturday, April 24, to Saturday, May 1, 1708. Norwich. Printed by E. Burges, near the Red-Well. 1708.' "The printer of this was Elizabeth Burges, widow of Francis, who had died in 1706, at the early age of thirty. A computation of weekly numbers back from this No. 348, gives the date of No. 1 as early as September, 1701.' "Bishop Tanner, therefore, is undoubtedly right, for if Worcester had started a newspaper in 1690 or Stamford in 1695, the bishop's remark As far as I can learn,' showing that he had made inquiry, must have brought some reply, supposing he was mistaken. The Bristol Post-Boy (not Postman, a pardonable error) was started by William Bonny in 1702." I have made a few notes on the Norwich and Exeter papers, but have reluctantly come to the conclusion that only local antiquaries can solve the questions they suggest. NORWICH. Francis Burges's 'History of Printing' was published at Norwich in 1701. There is a reprint of this in the Harleian Miscellany, vol. iii. p. 154, but I have been unable to trace the original. As a history of printing Burges's tract is of no value, but I have ascertained that the Harleian reprint has omitted the most important parts of the tract, viz.: Burges's Introduction and Conclusion. Part of the omitted portions is set out at length in A General History of the County of Norfolk' (ii. pp. 1286-7), published in 1829 by Stacy of Norwich and Longmans of London. The antiquary the Rev. George Oliver, The omitted account gives a history of of St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter, who died in printing in Norwich, and a description of the 1861 (life in 'D.N.B.'), is the chief authority paper mills at Tabrum, Norfolk, which on the history of Exeter newspapers, though must have had a very great influence upon I believe the whole of his MSS. have not yet local printing. It is, therefore, very im- been printed. Unfortunately, Dr. Oliver's portant to rediscover Burges's tract. statements are full of errors, as the number of Jos. Bliss's Exeter Post-Boy, to which I have drawn attention, proves. One such error is the assertion that Bliss started The Protestant Mercury; or Exeter Post-Boy, in September, 1715, in opposition to Farley's Exeter Mercury. Trewman's Exeter Flying Post for Feb. 15, 1849, contains an article by Dr. Oliver dealing with Farley, and some further notes on the subject will be found in the same periodical for June 28, 1913. There were several newspapers published at Norwich during the first two decades of the eighteenth century, but the most important of these were printed and written by the Jacobite, Henry Crossgrove, whose career extended through the greater part of the century. The earliest number of his The Gazette, afterwards The Norwich Gazette (with varying sub-titles), in the British Museum is dated 1712, and is not numbered; but many examples earlier than this are in existence, and the paper is known to have commenced in 1706. The British Museum, I hope that these notes will induce local however, possesses the finest collection in antiquaries to clear up a very obscure subject, existence of the later issues of Crossgrove's and to give the readers of N. & Q.' the paper, extending up to and beyond his benefit of their researches. In conclusion death. If only because of Crossgrove's I should like to draw attention to some literary tastes, his intimacy with Strype, the points :ecclesiastical annalist, and the amusing personal notes so often given in his papers, this writer's career is the most important and interesting of all those of the early provincial journalists. A paper on Crossgrove, by the present writer, appeared in The Library for April, 1914. The British Museum possesses a solitary number of a paper which, I think, is the earliest known copy of an Exeter periodical. It is to be found in the Burney collection, vol. 153 B., and is as follows:: "Jos. Bliss's Exeter Post-Boy. Containing an impartial collection of the most material news, both foreign and domestick.' Printed by Joseph Bliss, at the Exchange Coffee House, in St. Peter's Churchyard. No. 211. Friday, 4 May, 1711.” This paper must have commenced in April, 1707, but another printer must have preceded Bliss, for Dr. Tanner wrote in 1706. 66 Later 1. All the earliest numbers of the provincial papers were "half sheets in folio two pages, papers," not pamphlets. on this was sometimes varied, and they became "newsbooks" again, i.e., pamphlets. 66 2. They did not at first publish local news, but collected' their news from. London papers or the newsletters. 3. Their printers were their editors. 4. The majority seem to have been either. Jacobite or crypto-Jacobite. 5. In many cases they were given away, and advertisements not charged for. I do not suggest that this was an absolute rule; but, obviously, people in country towns would not pay for a paper the originals of whose news could be seen in the local coffee-house. They must have been sold only on market days to the country folk. Again, as regards advertisements, was not some sort of brokerage charged on the result of sales, as an office charge, to which the advertisements were but an accessory, and not a necessary accessory? We have the clearest evidence of these brokerage charges in Nedham's Publick Adviser in Cromwell's time. His prospectus is still in existence, and gives the scale of his charges. So, also, the various City Mercuries, printed right down to the end of the seventeenth century, were distributed gratis, and there were office charges for things sold, &c., through their agency. Local news seems to havebeen an afterthought. J. B. WILLIAMS. A simple Israelite here lies; Wrote all his books in Yiddish, mainly He laughed away his sickly years; The World rewarded him-with tears And bitterness; whence flows this moral! When by their firesides, snug at home, With God alone, to cheer his leisure! This reminds one of the terrible life-stories of Villon, of Savage, of Verlaine, and many another. Now to the business of the will and last testament of this hapless Sholoum Aleichem," drawn up in New York on Sept. 19, 1913, which was the next day after the Atonement Day," as he points out in his exordium. The main body of the will is contained in ten paragraphs. Rabinowitz states in a preface that in 1908 he drew up a special will. Owing to the death, in September, 1913, of his eldest son Michael, his own health became thoroughly shattered, and this document was made useless. He resolved, therefore, to lose no time in preparing a fresh one. He directs (par. 1) that, no matter where he may die, he is to be buried only among the working people, so that his grave may both shed lustre on the sepulchres of the poor, and receive homage from theirs; even as during the lifetime of the writer most of his glory was drawn from popular sources of applause. Par. 2 appoints the style of superscription on his tombstone: merely his “ pen-name (which means "Peace upon you all") in English on one side; on the other the same title in Hebrew lettering; nothing else. In par. 3 he forestalls all controversy in New York among his countless friends and admirers, as to the manner of perpetuating his memory there. Deprecating all squabbles on that subject, he conjures them to seek the better way by getting his twenty volumes into general circulation, by means of translations and otherwise. He hopes that the Hebrew Maecenas who has modestly concealed himself from winning immortality during the lifetime of the testator will now step forward and help his family to the attainment of a fair income from these hitherto unfruitful labours. He is confident that the Hebrew people will rise to the occasion. 8. We respect his boundless optimism, and pass on to par. 4, which is concerned with saying "Kaddish," and sundry other injunctions of a like order. One feature of it calls, however, for notice. His family, if they fail to perform the religious offices aforesaid, may acquit themselves of their obligations by gathering together once year, along with such friends of his as may care to attend the function, and reading this his last will and testament, and likewise one or more of his most humorous stories, in whatever language shall be most conformable to their tastes and inclinations-so that, he plaintively adds, my name may be remembered with laughter rather than not at all." Par. 6 declares that cash (“if such a thing as cash be found in his possession "), books, MSS., &c., all belong to his wife, and proceeds to detail the manner of their disposition after her demise. Apart therefrom, in par. 7, he devises specific bequests from the profits which he calculates will accrue to his family from his plays and other writings; and directs that, in the event of the net receipts per annum being unler 5,000 roubles, 5 per cent is to be deducted there from and remitted to a fund in New York or elsewhere (whenever such a |