water front and serve the separate wharves by spurs. All wharves except the Southern Railway terminals have highway or street_connections. None of the wharves are equipped with mechanical unloading devices, except those owned by the Southern Railway Co. and the Atlantic Refining Co., the latter wharf being equipped with a pumping station for the discharge of fuel oil from ships. Storm warnings are displayed at Brunswick.

The mean rise and fall of the tides on the bar is 6.3 feet.

The tidal currents follow the general direction of the dredged channel across the bar, and have an estimated velocity of 1 to 2 knots. They set diagonally across the Plantation Creek range. Currents turn about 1 hour after high and low water.

DIRECTIONS.-There is a project depth of 27 feet and 500 feet wide across the bar; 24 feet and 400 feet wide to Brunswick Point; 24 feet and 350 feet wide in Bunswick Harbor and Turtle River; and 24 feet and 150 feet wide in Academy Creek. In 1921 there was 24.4 feet over the bar, 21 feet into Brunswick Harbor, and 24 feet to the Southern terminals. All of the dredged channels are marked by range lights and buoys. The tidal currents set with the channel on the bar, but with northerly or southerly winds a current, which should be kept in mind, sets with the wind across the channel.

Approaching St. Simon Sound from any direction shape the course for Brunswick light vessel, from which a 303° true (NW. by W. 1 W. mag.) course for 7 miles will lead to St. Simon gas and whistling buoy. In clear weather and the light vessel is sighted a course can be shaped to pass as much as 5 miles inside of it; then bring it astern on a 303° true (NW. by W. 1% W. mag.) course until up with St. Simon gas and whistling buoy. Soundings of 412 to 512 fathoms have been found on what appears to be a bank or broken ground, lying 2 to 41⁄2 miles east and east-southeastward of St. Simon gas and whistling buoy. This area should be avoided in heavy weather. There is also a spot with 42 fathoms over it lying about % mile north-northeastward of St. Simon gas and whistling buoy.

From St. Simon gas and whistling buoy steer 303° true (NW. by W. % W. mag.) heading for St. Simon lighthouse (white conical tower); on this course St. Simon range front light (white skeleton structure) will be in line with St. Simon lighthouse. Continue the course, keeping close on the range which leads about midway between the buoys marking the sides of the channel.

When abreast nun buoy No. 14 steer 285° true (WNW. 34 W. mag.) with Plantation Creek range lights (white structures) in line ahead, and pass about 200 yards northward of can buoy No. 13. Good anchorage can be found northward of the range and about 11⁄2 mile northwestward of buoy No. 13.

St. Simon Sound to Brunswick.-When about 1/2 mile westward of can buoy No. 13 and Jekyl Island range lights (white structures, fixed white lights) are in line ahead, steer 216° true (SW. 34 S. mag.) for 134 miles, passing about 200 yards southeastward of nun buoy No. 16 and giving the shore of Jekyl Island a berth of at least 200 yards. When up to buoy No. 18 bring Cedar Hammock range lights (white structures, fixed red lights) in line ahead, course 255° true (WSW. 4 W. mag.).

When up to nun buoy No. 20 steer 293° true (WNW. mag.) heading for Turtle River lower range lights (white structures, fixed white lights) and give the north bank a berth of about 350 yards. When the Quarantine station is abeam, steer 299° true (NW. by W. 2 W. mag.) for 1 mile, heading for a red and black horizontally striped nun buoy. Then steer 344° true (N. by W. 12 W. mag.) with Brunswick Harbor range lights (white structures, fixed red lights) in line ahead. Stand in on this range, giving the wharves along the city front a berth of 75 to 100 yards, and make fast to a wharf until assigned a berth by the harbor master.

To the Southern Railway and Atlantic Refining Co. wharves on Turtle River.-From the Quarantine station continue the 293° true (WNW. mag.) course with the Turtle River lower range lights in line ahead, passing through a dredged cut marked by two can buoys. When about 4 mile westward of the last can buoy (No. 3) haul northward to a 338° true (NNW. mag.) course, with the Blythe Island range lights (white day marks, with vertical strips, on piles, fixed white lights) in line ahead. When up to nun buoy No. 4, haul northward, bringing in line over the stern Turtle River Upper range lights (white day marks on piles, fixed white lights), course 10° true (N. 7% E. mag.). Pass through the dredged cut, the northern end of which is marked by nun buoy No. 6, and continue the course, avoiding the shoals on the port hand, marked by a can buoy, to the wharves of the Southern Railway. If going to the Atlantic Refining Co. wharves, favor the eastern shore of the river past the railway wharves.

COAST FROM ST. SIMON SOUND TO ST. ANDREW SOUND.

This stretch of coast, trending very nearly north and south, is formed by the shores of Jekyl Island, which has a length of 61⁄2 miles and a width of 1 mile. The island is wooded all along its eastern shore. To the westward large portions of it are marshy. Seen from seaward it shows the usual stretch of sand beach with many conspicuous bluffs and sand hills, backed by dark woods, which are quite level in general outline but with many tall pines showing above the main body. There is a settlement on the western side, reached through Jekyl Creek.

From the shore of this island shoals make off to a distance of 3 to 5 miles. To the westward the island borders on the Brunswick River, Jekyl Creek, and Jekyl Sound. By the creek it is separated from an extensive track of marsh lying between it and the mainland. This marsh is cut up by numerous small streams connecting Brunswick River with Jekyl and St. Andrew Sound.

ST. ANDREW SOUND

lies about 7 miles southward of St. Simon Sound and 17 miles northward of St. Marys entrance. On the southern point at its entrance is a disused lighthouse tower. In the sound are extensive shoals, between which channels lead into its principal tributaries, which are known as Jekyl Sound, Satilla River, and Cumberland River. The entrance is over a shifting bar, which extends 5 miles offshore, and is usually good for a depth of 14 feet at low water. The sound is little used as a harbor. A number of vessels enter Satilla River to

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load lumber, and the vessels using the inland passage cross the sound. Jekyl Creek and Jekyl Sound from northward, and Cumberland River from southward, are parts of the inland passage connected by St. Andrew Sound.

Jekyl Sound enters St. Andrew Sound from northward just inside the northern point at the entrance. It is full of shoals, between which there are three channels which lead to its three principal tributaries. Jekyl Creek enters the sound from northward. It is part of the inland passage, its northern part connecting with Brunswick River. A depth of 62 feet can be taken from Jekyl Sound to Brunswick River. Jointer Creek enters Jekyl Sound from northwestward. It is crooked and has a number of narrow branches which connect with Brunswick River above Jekyl Creek. About 12 feet can be taken into the creek at low water, and about 4 miles above its mouth. Little Satilla River enters Jekyl Sound from westward, and is good for a depth of 12 feet for several miles above its mouth. Jointer Creek and Little Satilla River are of little importance. Small craft going to the landings on Little Satilla River enter from South Brunswick River through Fancy Bluff Creek, which is good for about 4 feet at low water.

Cumberland River enters St. Andrew Sound from southward just inside the point of Little Cumberland Island; its general direction is southerly for a distance of 11 miles, where it joins Cumberland Sound, thus affording a passage good for a depth of about 7 feet at low water. The most difficult part of the passage is at the "Divide " at the north mouth of Crooked River; at this point the channel is marked by range beacons.

Satilla River enters St. Andrew Sound from westward; its entrance is obstructed by extensive shoals, between which there is a narrow channel. The settlements on the river have communication with Brunswick by telephone, and there is railroad communication from Woodbine, 22 miles above its mouth. A railroad bridge crosses the river at Woodbine (width of draw 52 feet). A steamer from Brunswick makes regular trips to points on the river up to Burnt Fort, 45 miles from the mouth, to which there is a depth of 6 feet at low water. Seagoing vessels load lumber at the mills on the river as far up as Owens Ferry, 28 miles above the mouth, to which point there is a depth of 9 feet at low water or 17 feet on a good high water. There is a depth of 1 foot to Waycross. Provisions and artesian water can be obtained at the mills and other settlements; a small quantity of gasoline can be had generally at Owens Ferry.

Most vessels bound to Satilla River enter St. Simon Sound and tow through Jekyl Creek. When loaded, they are towed to sea, with the aid of a pilot, over St. Andrew Bar. The channel follows the ebb tide bends, and with the aid of charts 448 and 450 steamers of moderate draft (say up to 10 feet) should have no difficulty in going as far as Owens Ferry. The only sharp turn below Owens Ferry is at Hopewell Point, where special care is also required on account of the narrow channel. There are no aids above the entrance. The mean rise and fall of tides is about 6.9 feet at the entrance, 6.8 feet at Ceylon, and 3.4 feet at Burnt Fork.

White Oak River empties into Satilla River from northward 15 miles above its mouth. A draft of 8 feet at high water can be taken

10 or 12 miles above its mouth to White Oak and Waverly, which are railroad stations at the head of navigation on its two branches.

Brickhill River is a branch of Cumberland River, from which it branches about 5 miles above its mouth and again joins it a short distance north of the "Divide."

Floyds Creek enters Cumberland River from westward about 42 miles above the north end of Little Cumberland Island. For a distance of nearly 3 miles above its mouth the channel in the creek has a depth of about 19 feet. With local knowledge a draft of 3 feet at high water can be taken from the head of Floyds Creek westward through a shallow pond into Todds Creek, and thence northward to Satilla River.

Shellbine and Delaroche Creeks enter Cumberland River from westward. They are both narrow and crooked. The former is navigable for a draft of 8 feet at low water, and the latter for a draft of 7 feet, but neither creek is of importance.

Pilots may be obtained for St. Simons Bar, and there is one on Cumberland Island at High Bluff (locally Cumberland High Point). The pilot regulations and rates for St. Andrew Sound and Satilla River are the same as for St. Simon Sound and Turtle River. Pilotage is compulsory for certain vessels.

Towboats.-There are no regular towboats in St. Andrew Sound, but vessels desiring to tow up the Satilla River can get a towboat from Brunswick.

Anchorages. The best anchorage is in the channel, on the western side of Little Cumberland Island. Here the depth ranges from 312 to 42 fathoms, and the holding ground is good. There is also good anchorage in the entrance to Jekyl Sound, westward of the southern end of Jekyl Island.

The mean rise and fall of tides in the sound is 6.8 feet.

DIRECTIONS.-Sailing vessels going to the mills on Satilla River are practically the only ones trading to St. Andrew Sound, and these enter St. Simon Sound and are towed through Jekyl Creek and up Satilla River. Shoals extend about 5 miles from shore in the vicinity of St. Andrew Sound, and the depth should not be shoaled to less than 5 fathoms (low water) until the sea buoy is sighted. The entrance is marked by a disused lighthouse tower on the north end of Little Cumberland Island and St. Andrew Sound light (white skeleton structure on Horse Shoe Shoal). Brunswick light vessel is the principal aid in the northern approach. With the aid of the chart vessels of about 10 feet draft should have no difficulty in entering St. Andrew Sound, on a rising tide with a smooth sea, by following the buoys. From St. Andrew Sound the channel to Satilla River leads northward and northwestward of Horse Shoe Shoal, and then across to the south bank of the river, and is marked by beacons and buoys for this distance. See the description of Satilla River preceding.

COAST FROM ST. ANDREW SOUND TO CUMBERLAND.

The stretch of coast line, extending in a southerly direction for 154 miles, is formed by the shores of Little Cumberland and Cumberland Islands. These two islands are separated only by stretch of marsh and a narrow winding creek, and appear as one from sea

ward. Little Cumberland Island forms the southern boundary of St. Andrew Sound. Its north end is heavily wooded, has a bluff appearance, and is marked by a disused lighthouse tower. Cumberland Island is almost entirely covered by woods, though somewhat marshy to the westward, where it is separated from the mainland by extensive marshes, through which flow the waters of Cumberland and Brickhill Rivers, and Cumberland Sound. Its extreme southern point, forming the north side of the entrance to Cumberland Sound, shows a large clump of heavy trees with several conspicuous sand hills. To the northward of this there is a stretch of marsh a mile in width, through which flows Beach Creek. There are several buildings and water tanks which are conspicuous.

The entire outer coast line of the island shows a broad white sand beach backed by an almost continuous range of sand hills, and those by dense woods. For about 9 miles from the entrance to St. Andrew Sound this coast is bordered by dangerous shoals making off 3 to 5 miles. For the rest of the distance to the entrance of Cumberland Sound 3 fathoms may be taken within 1 mile of the beach, excepting at the entrance.

CUMBERLAND SOUND AND ST. MARYS ENTRANCE.

is 16 miles southward of St. Andrew Sound and 19 miles northward of St. Johns River. Amelia Island lighthouse is about 2 miles southward of the entrance. A standpipe in Fernandina, and a water tank on Cumberland Island, 134 miles above its south end, are also prominent. The sound extends northward, and, connecting with Cumberland River, forms an inland passage to St. Andrew Sound. It is also the approach to the city of Fernandina and the town of St. Marys.

The entrance, which is about 1 mile wide, has been improved by two jetties, which extend from the shore for a distance of 3 miles on the north side and 12 miles on the south side. The bar, just outside of and between the jetties, has a buoyed channel, which in June, 1921, had a least depth of about 24 feet. The deepest draft taken from Fernandina over the bar is about 28 feet.

Amelia Island lighthouse is a white conical tower. The light is flashing white (flash 2.5 seconds, eclipse 7.5 seconds), 107 feet above the water, and visible 16 miles.

St. Marys River empties into Cumberland Sound from westward and is its principal tributary. The settlements on the river have telephone communication, and there is railroad communication at St. Marys and Crandall. A steamer from Fernandina makes regular trips to points on the river to Kings Ferry. The principal shipping points for lumber are St. Marys, 4 miles above the mouth of the river; Crandall, 10 miles; and Kings Ferry, 32 miles. The least depth is 15 feet to Kings Ferry. There is a depth of 4 feet to Traders Hill, 52 miles about its mouth. The A. C. L. Railroad bridge (closed) crosses the river 48 miles above the mouth. This bridge is 22 feet above high water. The S. A. L. Railroad drawbridge (57foot opening) crosses the river 20 miles above its mouth.

Chart 157 shows St. Marys River to a point 3 miles above St. Marys. Above this point the channel follows the ebb-tide bends,

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