Green Cove Springs, a village on the west bank 20 miles above Jacksonville, has several sawmills. There is a depth of about 7 feet at the wharves.

Trout Creek and Six Mile Creek have a common entrance about 24 miles above Jacksonville. These creeks are navigable about 3 or 4 miles for boats of 6 feet or less draft.

Deep Creek, 36 miles above Jacksonville, is navigable for a draft of 72 feet for a distance of about 4 miles to Hastings, a town on the railroad.

Rice Creek, 44 miles above Jacksonville, is navigable for small craft of 6 feet or less draft about 5 miles to the forks and a short distance up both branches. Two drawbridges cross the creek a short distance above its mouth.

Palatka is an important town and railroad center on St. Johns River, 48 miles above Jacksonville. There are large sawmills, a manufactory of wooden tanks, a machine shop, and a railway capable of taking out vessels 125 feet long and 8 feet draft. Supplies and fresh water can be had. The depths at the wharves between the bridges are 10 to 16 feet, and a channel 12 feet deep has been dredged to the wharves just above the upper bridge. The deepest draft loaded is 14 feet. Pilots for St. Johns River and tributaries can be had here.

Dunns Creek, 61⁄2 miles above Palatka, is navigable for boats of 8 feet draft to Crescent Lake, a distance of 72 miles, and thence up the lake 611⁄2 miles to Crescent City, a town with railroad communication. Supplies, ice, and gasoline can be obtained, and there is a railway for small craft. A depth of 5 feet can be taken into Haw Creek at the head of Crescent Lake. The channel in Crescent Lake is marked by lights. A drawbridge crosses Dunns Creek 34 mile above its entrance from St. Johns River. Some of the bends in the creek are sharp.

A drawbridge with a clear opening 80 feet wide crosses the river at Buffalo Bluff, 934 miles above Palatka.

Welaka is a village 1814 miles above Palatka. Supplies, gasoline, and water can be obtained. A draft of 9 feet can be taken up St. Johns River to the wharf at Welaka.

Oklawaha River, 19 miles above Palatka, is extremely tortuous and obstructed by shoals, and the upper part above Silver Springs Run by hyacinth and eel grass. Improvements are in progress to obtain a channel 6 feet deep for a distance of 46 miles from St. Johns River to the mouth of Silver Springs Run and 6 miles up the latter to the village of Silverspring, 4 feet deep from the mouth of Silver Springs Run to Leesburg, 82 miles from St. Johns River, which is the head of steamboat navigation, and the construction of a lock and dam at Moss Bluff to retain the water level in Lake Griffin. In 1921 there was a channel 6 feet deep for a distance of 28 miles from St. Johns River, a practicable channel 4 feet deep to Silver Springs Run, and a channel 2 feet deep to Leesburg. Snags are liable to be encountered by boats. Leesburg and Silverspring have railroad communication. There is a downstream current in the river of about 1 knot. A pilot for the river can be obtained at Palatka and sometimes at Welaka. Astor is a village with railroad communication 5 miles above Lake George and 422 miles above Palatka.

Wekiva River, 72 miles above Palatka, is navigable for boats of 32 feet draft to Clay Springs, a winter resort about 18 or 20 miles above its mouth.

Sanford is an important town and railroad center on the south side of Lake Monroe, 80 miles above Palatka.

The channel from Jacksonville to Palatka has been obtained partly by dredging; it is well marked by lights and beacons, and is comparatively easy to navigate with the aid of the chart. Some local knowledge is required above Palatka to follow the channel. In the upper part the river is narrow and tortuous in places, and difficulty may be experienced in making some of the bends; also vessels with masts may have some difficulty from overhanging trees.

A pilot for the river and its tributaries can be obtained at Jacksonville, Palatka, and Sanford.

Tides. From Jacksonville to Palatka the mean rise and fall of tides is 0.9 foot, and the tidal action is felt to Lake George. When not affected by strong winds, the tidal currents have little velocity above Jacksonville. The winds have considerable effect on the water level and velocity of the currents. Northeast gales cause high water in the river above Jacksonville; westerly or southwesterly winds cause low water and increase the velocity of the ebb, and decrease or may interrupt the flood. The river water may be fresh at Jacksonville at low water with westerly winds; with northeasterly winds brackish water may extend up to Doctors Lake. The usual variation of water level in the upper river due to freshets is 3 feet.

COAST FROM ST. JOHNS RIVER TO CAPE FLORIDA.

From St. Johns River to Miami there is an inland waterway, which parallels the coast and which is good for a draft of 4 feet; this route is described in the Inside Route Pilot, New York to Key West, price 30

cents.

From St. Johns River to Cape Canaveral the coast trends southsoutheastward for 125 miles, and is broken by three unimportant inlets. The coast shows an almost continuous range of sand hills backed by woods; the woods in the vicinity of Cape Canaveral and for a distance of 17 miles northward are farther back from the beach, and consequently are less distinct when seen from seaward.

The depths along this stretch of coast are irregular. Except off St. Johns River and St. Augustine and Mosquito Inlets, 5 to 7 fathoms can be taken as close as 1 mile and 3 fathoms as close as 3 mile to the beach until approaching Cape Canaveral. Broken ground, with spots having 5 to 6 fathoms over them, lies from 4 to 6 miles offshore, and from 12 to 16 miles north-northeastward of St. Augustine lighthouse. There is a channel with depths of 62 to 74 fathoms inside the shoal and about 2 miles from the beach. The shoals are about 8 miles long in a southeasterly direction and about 21⁄2 miles wide.

ST. AUGUSTINE INLET.

This inlet is the entrance to St. Augustine Harbor and the approach from sea to the city of St. Augustine. The inlet is about 30 miles southward of the entrance to St. Johns River and is marked on its southern side by St. Augustine lighthouse. The entrance to

the inlet is obstructed by a shifting shoal which extends 11⁄2 miles seaward and form a dangerous bar over which the channel depth is about 7 feet at mean low water. The channel is marked by small buoys and by a perpendicularly striped sea buoy, which are shifted to the best water. Strangers should always take a pilot. Although there is good anchorage inside of the inlet it is not used as a harbor of refuge, because in strong easterly winds the sea makes the bar impassable even for small vessels.

Tolomato or North River enters the inlet from the northward just inside the point of the North Beach. It rises about 15 miles northward of the inlet, has an average width of 1/4 mile, and depth of 15 feet for several miles from its mouth. It is important in being a part of the inland water route.

Matanzas River enters the inlet from the southward. It is about 15 miles long to Matanzas Inlet and separates Anatasia Island from the mainland. Above St. Augustine the river has a narrow channel with a depth of 10 feet for a distance of 8 or 10 miles.

San Sebastian River flows past the west side of St. Augustine and empties into Matanzas River 11⁄2 miles south of the bridge. It is said to have a depth of 4 to 5 feet at the entrance, the best water leading along the north side of the entrance, and 7 feet inside as far as the highway bridge. Supplies may be taken at a wharf on this river on the west side of the city.

The city of St. Augustine is situated on the west bank of the Matanzas River opposite the north end of Anatasia Island. It is of no commercial importance, but a popular winter resort.

Prominent features.-St. Augustine lighthouse is a black and white, spirally banded, conical tower. The light is fixed white varied by a white flash of 5 seconds duration every 180 seconds. Radio towers about 200 yards northward of the station are prominent. A black water tank in St. Augustine shows up well seaward.

Supplies. Provisions, water, gasoline, and some coal can be had here.

Repairs. There are facilities for making minor repairs to hulls and machinery and ways for hauling out craft of 10 tons. The nearest place for general repairs is Jacksonville.

Storm warnings are displayed from a tower at Fort Marion, on the water front.

Tides. The average rise and fall of tides is 4.5 feet, and high water occurs at the same time as at Fernandina.

DIRECTIONS.-When approaching St. Augustine Inlet, the shore should be given a berth of at least 111⁄2 miles, so as to keep outside the sea buoy.

No stranger should attempt to enter without a pilot, as the channel shifts frequently, and no information as to buoys or courses would be reliable for any length of time. The master of a vessel bound for St. Augustine should telegraph to the harbormaster the probable date of her arrival off the bar, so that a pilot can be on the lookout for her.

Matanzas Inlet is 11 miles southward of St. Augustine lighthouse. It affords an outlet for Matanzas River, which extends northward to St. Augustine and southward, following the coast for a distance of 8 or 10 miles to Graham Swamp, in which it takes its rise. There

is a depth of 32 feet on the bar at mean low water, but the channel in the mouth of the inlet is obstructed by a ledge of rock, over which the depths vary from 2 to 9 feet. Strangers should not attempt to use this inlet.

A canal runs southward from Matanzas Inlet for 211⁄2 miles to Halifax River and parallels in general the coastline. It is part of the coastal inland waterway and is fully described in the Inside Route Pilot, previously referred to.

Mosquito Inlet is about 53 miles southward of St. Augustine lighthouse and 41 miles northwestward of Cape Canaveral lighthouse. About 1 mile northward of the entrance is Mosquito Inlet lighthouse, a red brick conical tower from which is shown a fixed white light, 159 feet high and visible 19 miles. The entrance, which is about 11⁄2 mile wide, is obstructed by shifting shoals, which extend about 3⁄44 mile seaward and form a bar, over which there is a channel depth of about 6 feet. Buoys mark the best water and are shifted to conform to the channel changes. The inlet is easy to enter on a smooth sea, but in case of necessity the lighthouse keeper will pilot in or out. The average rise and fall of tides is 2.3 feet; high water occurs 15 minutes before high water at Fernandina.

Halifax River extends north from the inlet about 25 miles, running parallel to the beach, from which it is separated by a low strip of land only 14 to 121⁄2 mile in width. Ponce Park, near the inlet, Port Orange, Daytona, and Ormond, stations on the Florida East Coast Railway, are the principal landings on the river. Opposite Daytona and on the outer beach are Daytona Beach and Sea Breeze. They show up well from seaward.

Hillsborough River extends southward from the inlet for a distance of 151⁄2 miles to Mosquito Lagoon. The river in some places is narrow and crooked and requires careful steering and close attention to the channel stakes. A drawbridge crosses the river 134 miles above the inlet. The only place of any importance on the river is New Smyrna, a winter resort on the west bank 2 miles above the inlet. The draft that can be carried to the town is limited only by the depth on Mosquito Inlet bar. The depth at the city dock is 14 feet. This is piped with fresh water. Provisions, gasoline, and pilots for the inland water can be obtained here. There are strong tidal currents in front of the town.

COAST FROM MOSQUITO INLET TO CAPE CANAVERAL.

The distance from Mosquito Inlet to Cape Canaveral is 40 miles. The coast trends about southeast by south in nearly a straight line for 32 miles to False Cape; thence to Cape Canaveral, 9 miles, it trends south-southeasterly. It is bold to the vicinity of False Cape, between which and Cape Canaveral there are dangerous outlying shoals. Off Mosquito Inlet 10 fathoms will be found within 2 miles of the beach. Going southward the 10-fathom curve gradually works offshore to a distance of 10 miles off False Cape. For about 25 miles south of Mosquito Inlet the coast is formed by a very narrow strip of lowland lying between the sea and Hillsborough River and Mosquito Lagoon. Seen from seaward it shows a low line of sand hills partly covered with grass and scrub, with distant woods show

ing over. The only natural object at all distinctive in appearance is Turtle Mound, a green hillock about 10 miles south of the inlet. This when seen from the northward and eastward is quite conspicuous, but from other points of view is less marked.

False Cape is the name given to a small part of the coast about 9 miles northward of Cape Canaveral, which it resembles when seen from seaward.

Cape Canaveral, where the coast makes a sharp bend westward, is low and sandy, and is marked by Cape Canaveral lighthouse.

Cape Canaveral lighthouse is a white and black, horizontally banded, conical iron tower. The light is flashing white (flash 5.0 seconds, eclipse 55.0 seconds), 137 feet above the water, and visible 18 miles. Vessels may communicate with the lighthouse by the International Signal Code.

Broken ground and shoals extend 13 miles northward and northeastward from Cape Canaveral, terminating in Hetzel and Ohio Shoals, which have a depth of 11 and 19 feet, respectively. Hetzel Shoal gas and whistling buoy (flashing white light) is moored in a depth of 11 fathoms off the northeast side of Hetzel Shoal, about 132 miles 34° true (NE. by N. mag.) of Cape Canaveral lighthouse. A depth of 12 feet has been reported 5% mile northward of the gas buoy and 14 feet 4 miles northwestward of the buoy. Ohio Shoal buoy (can No. 1) is moored in a depth of 21 feet 24 miles southward of Hetzel gas and whistling buoy. The least depths found on the inner shoals range from 9 to 16 feet, the shoals are subject to some change in position and depth, and only small, lightdraft craft can safely pass inside the outer shoals. In a heavy sea the shoals are marked by breakers, but with a smooth sea there is nothing to indicate them except the buoys marking Hetzel and Ohio Shoals and Cape Canaveral lighthouse.

The effect of the Gulf Stream may be expected well in on the shoals, and this should be kept in mind in approaching the shoals from southward, as a vessel will generally overrun her log. Approaching from southward 15 fathoms is a good depth by which to avoid the shoals, from northward 13 fathoms. Vessels are advised to use great care when navigating in the vicinity of the shoals off Cape Canaveral.

From Cape Canaveral to Lake Worth Inlet the coast trends 'generally south-southeastward for 104 miles and is broken by Fort Pierce Inlet and St. Lucie Inlet. Indian River Inlet and Jupiter Inlet are now closed. This section of the coast is formed almost entirely by a low, narrow strip of sand, covered with vegetation, which lies at a distance of 1 to 2 miles from the mainland, from which it is separated by the shallow waters of Banana and Indian Rivers, a part of the inland waterway. From seaward the coast shows a line of sand hills partly covered with grass and scrub palmetto. Behind all is the background of heavy woods on the mainland.

The coast between Cape Canaveral and Lake Worth Inlet has broken ground in places, which extends off a greatest distance of about 10 miles at Bethel Shoal (least depth 28 feet). Bethel shoal gas and whistling buoy (flashing white light) is moored in a depth of about 8 fathoms close eastward of the shoal and about 11 miles