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to attach unhappily to all those who have taken part in the above-named act, or in any before it, aimed against the said Sovereignty, or who in any other manner and under whatever false pretext have molested, infringed, and usurped our Authority. If, however, We feel ourselves constrained in conscience to defend the sacred deposit of the patrimony of the Spouse of Jesus Christ committed to our care, by wielding the Sword of Justice given Us for the purpose by the same Divine Judge, yet neither can We ever forget that We hold on earth the place of Him, Who, even in the exercise of His Justice, never omits the use of Mercy. Lifting up, accordingly, our hands to Him, while We anew refer and commend to Him a cause so exceeding rightful, His cause more than ours, and while We once more aver our readiness, with the help of His mighty grace, to drain the cup of persecution even to the dregs for the defence and glory of the Catholic Church, which He for her salvation willed to be the first to drink, We will not desist from supplicating and conjuring Him to deign mercifully to hearken to the fervent prayers which, day and night, We never cease to put up to Him for the conversion and salvation of the wanderers. No day assuredly can dawn more glad and blithe for Us, than that on which it shall be given Us to see our children, from whose hands so much of tribulation and bitterness is now poured on Us, re-enter the Lord's fold. The hope of speedily enjoying a day so happy strengthens in Us with the recollection that prayers no less than universal, mount, in union with our own, to the Throne of the Divine Mercy, from the lips and from the hearts of the Faithful throughout the Catholic world, and incessantly urge and constrain* that Mercy to change the hearts of the sinners, and to bring them back into the ways of truth and of righteousness.

"Given at Gaeta, January 1. 1849.

"PIUS PP. IX."

* La stimolano e la forzano. - Tr.

CHAP. VII.

INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN BY THE PERRONE MINISTRY TO PARETO, THE SARDINIAN ENVOY AT ROME, AFTER THE EVENTS OF NOVEMBER. -PARAGRAPH FROM A DISPATCH OF HIS. -MISSION OF MONTEZEMOLO AND RICCARDI. THEIR PROCEEDINGS AND ENDEA

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LANGUAGE AND VIEWS OF FAILURE OF THE REPRESENTATIONS AND COUN

ENVOYS.

SECOND INTERVIEW, WITH

VOURS WITH THE HOLY FATHER.
HIS HOLINESS,
SELS OF THE SARDINIAN
OUT EFFECT: AS ALSO THIRD AND LAST. - INFLUENCE FROM
THE CONVERSATION OF CARDINAL ANTONELLI. -OBSERVATIONS
ON THE INTENTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF PIEDMONT. -- TEXT
OF THE SECRET INSTRUCTIONS TO COUNT MARTINI, NEWLY AP-
POINTED MINISTER TO THE HOLY SEE. COMMISSION TO THE
DEPUTY BERGHINI FOR TUSCANY.-HIS CONFERENCES WITH GUER-
RAZZI AND MONTANELLI.

CONCLUSION OF THESE COMMUNICATIONS. PASSAGE FROM A LETTER OF BERGHINI. HIS PROCEEDINGS IN ROME.

PROVISIONAL EXECUTIVE

CONVENTION
COMMITTEE THERE.

NEGOTIATED WITH THE

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DUPLICITY OF THOSE IN POWER. TEXT OF A DISPATCH FROM MUZZARELLI TO BERGHINI. TEXT OF A DISPATCH FROM GIOBERTI TO BERGHINI.

AT the period of the Roman disorders, the Perrone Ministry had instructed Pareto, Envoy from the King of Sardinia in Rome, to protect and defend the Holy Father from any outrage to the utmost of his power; adding, that in case His Holiness should quit Rome, leaving there a Government legally constituted, he should remain at his post: if, on the other hand, there should be a mere de-facto Government, he was then to consider his mission at an end. Perrone, however, added some words, which I transcribe textually.

"You will, notwithstanding, continue at Rome, and will, in this case, await the instructions which will be sent you when the Government shall be duly advised by you of the state of affairs. In any case, whoever be in power, and with whatever views, you will give them to understand, though informally and orally, just as if you were speaking your personal opinion, that the policy of the King's Government is to abstain from taking any share in discussions regarding matters temporal, which might arise between Sovereign and subject, and that we are scrupulous to respect the rights of all Governments on condition of their respecting ours. You will bear in mind that the independence of Italy is the principal aim which the King's Government has ever had in view, and which every day it has more and more at heart. The liveliest of our desires is to see the several communities of Italy combine for this great purpose, which can be achieved only through the union of their forces, never while they are divided."

When the Perrone Ministry had fallen, and when Pareto had repaired to Gaeta, whither the rest of the foreign ministers had preceded him, Gioberti, the new President of the Council of Ministers, accredited to the Pontiff, as has been already intimated, the Marquis Montezemolo, and Monsignor Riccardi, Bishop of Savona. They were charged to offer a suitable reception to the Holy Father at Nice, or in some other city more agreeable to him: and they were to encourage His Holiness, if he should think assistance needful, in order to restore the Constitutional system in his States, to request it from Italian rather than from foreign Sovereigns. Lastly, they were to tender the aid of Piedmont, in the name of King Charles Albert, who, in conversation with the

Marquis Montezemolo, had corroborated the sentiments of his First Minister, with many expressions of deference and devotion to His Holiness. The Sardinian envoys arrived at Gaeta on the 28th of December; and they were introduced on the following day to His Holiness by Cardinal Antonelli, to whom they handed an autograph letter of King Charles Albert, with a note from the President of the Council of Ministers, and opened the subject and purpose of their mission. The Pontiff welcomed and heard them with peculiar kindness: he returned thanks for the offers of King Charles Albert, and commended his distinguished piety and generous disposition; but proceeded to say that, as he had taken shelter at Gaeta from the accidental failure of a ship that was to have conveyed him to Majorca, he was reluctant, at such a juncture, to go to a greater distance from his subjects until every hope of providing for their peace, and for the re-establishment of his own authority, should have vanished. But after he had assigned this reason for his remaining in the kingdom of Naples, he subjoined, that he had written to the Governments of Europe, stating the recent events, and requesting their advice. as to the manner of settling his dominions: and accordingly, he was not prepared to adopt any course whatever before he should have received the expected replies. The envoys of Charles Albert remarked, that, if His Holiness would listen to their entreaties, and accept their tender, it might be hoped that the good offices of Piedmont would be grateful to the Italian populations, and effectual in bringing back

the Roman States to repose and order; that the King's piety, and his devotion to the Pontiff, the religious character of the Sub-Alpine and Ligurian people, with the feelings and opinions of the President of the Ministers, afforded a security that the resolutions of the Piedmontese Government could not be modelled upon any but Catholic and Italian ideas and sympathies: they accordingly begged His Holiness to enhance the efficacy of the measures which they proposed, by some token of satisfaction or of assent, such as would be the acceptance of hospitality within the Sardinian territories. The Holy Father then did not conceal that the frequent changes of Ministries upon slight cause were of themselves a ground of uncertainty that the remembrance of the communications, which he had set on foot or sanctioned, for a federation of the Italian States, afterwards broken off and abandoned through the fault of others, still rankled in his mind; that he regretted to find it reported in the newspapers that the Government of Piedmont had sent envoys to Florence and to Rome, to negotiate arrangements for the Italian Constituent; and hence he had a misgiving lest the Sardinian Government should be disposed to cooperate with the men who in Rome were usurping the rights of the Pontiff and of the Church: finally, he was of opinion that nothing but force would serve to restore effectually his authority, spurned as it had been by a most audacious faction; while he feared that the good intentions of the Piedmontese Government might not be coupled with an equal power to

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