And whereas the said treaty has been duly ratified on both parts, and the ratifications of the two Governments were exchanged in the city of Washington, on the first day of July, one thousand nine hundred and four: Now, therefore, be it known that I, THEODORE ROOSEVELT, President of the United States of America, have caused the said treaty to be made public, to the end that the same and every article and clause thereof may be observed and fulfilled with, good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this second day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and twenty-eighth. [SEAL.] THEODORE ROOSEVELT By the President: ALVEY A. ADEE Acting Secretary of State. PART FOURTH THE REPUBLICS OF SOUTH AMERICA THE REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE THE REPUBLIC OF PERU THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR 155 REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY. HISTORICAL NOTES. The Republic of Uruguay, situated in a region that, on account of its location east of the Uruguay River, was called in former times "La Banda Oriental" (The Eastern Shore), officially designated in its constitution "El Estado Oriental del Uruguay." It is now usually known by the name of "República Oriental del Uruguay," and owes its political existence to the treaty of peace concluded, through the mediation of Great Britain, on the 27th of August, 1828, between Brazil and the Argentine Republic. By this treaty both nations renounced their claims to the Uruguayan territory, and recognized and guaranteed the independence of the Republic established in conformity thereto. About one year thereafter duly elected representatives of the Uruguayan people met at Montevideo and framed the Constitution of September 10, 1829, which, after being approved (May 26, 1830) by the Brazilian and the Argentine governments, was sworn to and put in operation on the 18th of July of the same year. This Constitution, with some slight modifications, is the one now in force. When the Constitution was adopted the territory of Uruguay was divided into nine departments. At present the departments are nineteen, as follows: Rocha, Maldonado, Canelones, Montevideo, San José, Colonia, Soriano, Rio Negro, Paysandú, Salto, Artigas, Florida, Flores, Minas, Durazno, Tacuarembó, Treinta y tres, Cerro Largo, y Rivera. 157 CONSTITUTION. (September 10, 1829.) En el Nombre de Dios Todopoderoso, Autor, Legislador y Conservador Supremo del Universo, nosotros, los Representantes nombrados por los Pueblos situados á la parte oriental del Río Uruguay, que, en conformidad de la Convención Preliminar de Paz, celebrada entre la República Argentina y el Imperio del Brasil, en veintisiete de agosto del año próximo pasado de mil ochocientos veintiocho, deben componer un Estado libre é independiente, reunidos en Asamblea General, usando de las facultades que se nos han cometido, cumpliendo con nuestro deber y con los vehementes deseos de nuestros representados, en orden á proveer á su común defensa y tranquilidad interior, á establecerles justicia, promover el bien y la felicidad general, asegurando los derechos y prerrogativas de su libertad civil y política, propiedad é igualdad, fijando las bases fundamentales, y una forma de gobierno que les afiance aquellos del modo más conforme con sus costumbres, y que sea más adaptable á sus actuales circunstancias y situación; según nuestro saber, y lo que nos dicta nuestra íntima conciencia, acordamos, establecemos, y sancionamos la presente Constitución. SECCIÓN I. DE LA NACIÓN, SU SOBERANÍA Y CULTO. CAPÍTULO I. ARTÍCULO 1. El Estado Oriental del Uruguay es la asociacíon política de todos los ciudadanos In the name of Almighty God, the Author, Legislator, and Supreme Preserver of the Universe, we, the representatives appointed by the people of the eastern shore of the Uruguay River, who, in conformity with the preliminary Convention of Peace, concluded between the Argentine Republic and the Empire of Brazil on the twentyseventh of August, eighteen hundred and twenty-eight, must now form a free and independent State, sitting in General Assembly, in use of the powers vested in us, acting in compliance with our duty and with the vehement desire of our constituents, wishing to provide for their common defense and internal peace, establish justice, promote public good and general welfare, secure for them the rights and prerogatives of civil and political liberty, property and equality, fix the fundamental basis of a government, which may guarantee the said benefits, in the manner most conformable with their customs and best adapted to their present conditions and circumstances, to the best of our knowledge and following the dictates of our consciences, do hereby ordain, establish and sanction the present Constitution. SECTION I. THE NATION, ITS SOVEREIGNTY AND RELIGION. CHAPTER I. ARTICLE 1. The Oriental State of Uruguay is the political association of all the citizens inhabiting |