BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI, HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY. EARL OF BEACONSFIELD, 1820 to 1892. NOTES and hath and JULY 8th, 1993, contains a BIBLIO QUERIES for APRIL 29, MAY 13th, GRAPHY of the EARL of BEACONSFIELD. This includes KEYS to Published by David Douglas, Edinburgh. LAND. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. "His book is well planned. The Dictionary is really excellent, and not less excellent is the treatment of the subject in the introductory chapters on place-names of Celtic, Scandinavian, English, and other origins."-Saturday Review. DAVID MAC RITCHIE.-SCOTTISH GYPSIES JAMES INGLIS.-OOR AIN FOLK: being Memories of Manse Life in the Mearns and a Crack aboot Auld Times. 1 vol. W. F. SKENE.-CELTIC SCOTLAND. Second The HEREDITARY SHERIFFS of GALLOWAY. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 258. The Index separately, price 6d.; by post, R. BRUCE ARMSTRONG. - The HISTORY of 6d. Also Cases for Binding, price 18.; by post, 18. 3d. Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, ALLEN'S SOLID LEATHER PORTMAN TEAUS, GLADSTONE BAGS, and HAT LIDDESDALE. Vol. I. 4to. 42s. net. T. CRAIG-BROWN.-The HISTORY of SELKIRK. SHIRE. 2 vols. 4to. 41, 10s. net. ALLEN'S IMPROVED DRESSING BAGS, SIR SAMUEL FERGUSON. OGHAM INSCRIP. in Crocodile and Morocco Leather, Silver and ALLEN'S STRONG DRESS BASKETS, a TIONS in IRELAND, WALES, and SCOTLAND. 1 vol. 8vo. 128. T. S. MUIR.-ECCLESIOLOGICAL NOTES on SOME of the ISLANDS of SCOTLAND. 1 vol. 8vo. 21s. ARCHEOLOGICAL large Stock, for Ball Dresses, with Fitted SIR JAMES SIMPSON. ALLEN'S NEW ILLUSTRATED CATA. ESSAYS. 2 vols. small 4to. 21s. - ROBERT MILNE. The CHARTULARY of the LOGUES of Registered and Patented Requi- PROF. BALDWIN BROWN.-FROM SCHOLA to J. W. ALLEN, Manufacturer, 37, Strand, London (opposite the Lowther Arcade). BRAND & CO.'S BEEF THE EARL OF SOUTHESK. - The ORIGINS of SIR HERBERT MAXWELL. STUDIES in the BOUILLON. JAS. WATSON-JEDBURGH ABBEY. Edition. Small 4to. 10s. net. SCOTLAND, 1295-1689. 1 vol. 8vo. 14s. Second A most nutritious and invigorating beverage, made P. HUME BROWN. EARLY TRAVELLERS in by the simple addition of boiling water, at a cost within the reach of all. Sold by the principal Chemists and Grocers through. out the United Kingdom. Caution! Beware of Imitations. 11, LITTLE STANHOPE-STREET, MAYFAIR, W. P. HUME BROWN.-SCOTLAND BEFORE 1700. 1 vol. 8vo. 14s. MAC GIBBON AND ROSS.-The ARCHITECTURE Edinburgh: DAVID DOUGLAS, 10, Castle-street. LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 11, 1894. CONTENT 8.-N° 137. NOTES:-The Ancestry of Agatha, 101-" Cock and Pye,' 103-Book of MS. Sonnets-Late Marriage-"Yeoman' Sir Walter, Scott-A Shower of Frogs, 104-CressingPhilippe Égalité, 105-J. H. Reynolds-Black Death"London Bridge”—“ Hanging and wiving," &c., 106. QUERIES:-Derail-Adam Buck-Quotation-Watermarks on Paper-Satires Ménippées - Dr. Hurd-"ContaminaShakspeare's Early Days'-Armorial- Romeo and Juliet Attack on the Reformed Religion-References Sought The Poet's Flowers-Portrait-Sir M. Wright, 108-Inez de Castro-John of Times-Knights of the Garter, 109. REPLIES:-Bacon and Seneca, 109-The Sons of Harold, 110-Vernor, Hood & Sharpe, 111- Hartfield ChurchStocks-Burning the Clavie-Carew-"Take two cows, Taffy," 112-Regent Street-Address on Economy Folk-lore, 113-Poe's' Murders in the Rue Morgue' Tsar -Fresher Freshman-German Bands-Easter Sepulchres, 114-Parents of Baldwin-Lady Danlove-Maid Ridibone, 115-Civic Insignia for Manchester-"Niveling"-Visiting Cards, 116-Griffith-Geoffrey-Delia Bacon-Early Postal Cover-Rev. E. Woodcock-Pin-"Synall"-Creole, 117Exits-Sheridan's Rivals'-" As drunk as David's sow"Piperdan - Golf -"Demi-pique" - The Queen's Greatgrandson, 118-Raffling for Bibles, 119. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Lang's Scott's Count Robert of Paris' and 'The Surgeon's Daughter'-Buchheim's Halm's Griseldis-Wardrop's Georgian Folk-Tales - The Annual Register for 1893'-The Magazines. Notices to Correspondents. tion"-E. Pick, 107-An Oxford Society-Brazil Salts Notes. THE ANCESTRY OF AGATHA. (See 8th S. v. 421, 461; vi. 2.) MR. FELCH raises a good many moot points, and to discuss them fully would require a good deal more space than 'N. & Q.' could place at my disposal. I propose, therefore, merely to touch upon some of them, and even on these very cursorily. About the Byzantine ancestry of Agatha we need not trouble ourselves at all until we have solved the question as to who her parents were. That Yaroslav married Ingigerdis, a daughter of Olaf of Norway, and that he had at least three daughters, Elizabeth, Anne, and Anastasia by name, all three married to kings, as stated by MR. FELCH, are well-established historical facts. According to Karamsin, the Russian chronicles do not mention any of Yaroslav's daughters, but we find sufficient information about the three princesses in the histories of their husbands' countries. The name and parentage of Agatha, however, I have not yet been able to discover in any chronicle, Russian or foreign. As MR. FELCH in his letter to the Hungarian Academy had stated that, accord Cf. e. g. Adam of Bremen in Pertz's "Mon. Germ. Script.," vol. iv.; Nestor's Chronicle, edited by Louis Paris (Paris, 1834); Dr. Ch. Schiemann's' Russia, Poland, and Livland' in Oncken's series (Berlin, 1886); Ralston's Earliest History of Russia' (Oxford, 1874). ing to "another authority......she was a daughter of Ladislaus, by his wife Enguerharde, who was daughter of Olaf, King of Norway," I had hoped that he would be able to give chapter and verse for this statement. MR. FELCH, on the authority of Rambaud, states further that Yaroslav was also known as 66 George," for we are told that coins were struck for him by Byzantine artists with his Slavonic name in Slav characters on one side and his Christian name Ioury (George) on the other. But Rambaud is wrong on this point, and was misled by Karamsin, who misread the inscription on the obverse of Yaroslav's coins. Dr. Schiemann reproduces four of these. The reverse on two shows in exergue what is, perhaps, Yaroslav's badge (a trident, the middle prong surmounted by a circle), and bears the inscription "Yaroslav's silver" in Russian, as Karamsin correctly read it. The obverse shows the rude effigy of a man holding a spear in his right hand and a shield in his left, and bears an inscription which Karamsin thought was Greek, and read 88 Ο Γεώργιος. He evidently read the first three letters in the wrong direction, mistook the Russian letter sh for a Greek w, the Russian i (ijitza) for a Greek p, and supplied the missing s from his own imagination. The inscription is no doubt Russian and reads " ego shigio." Karamsin also states that there are three letters on the circumference of the reverse, viz., M, A, and N, which he thinks are Greek and mean Meyáλov "Aрxovтos vóμopa. I see, however, that there are four letters, namely, M, I, H, and N, which are quite distinct and cannot possibly be mistaken for anything else. They are probably also meant for Russian characters. Karamsin must have seen a coin that was very much worn and the lettering on it very indistinct in consequence.* Another argument usually adduced in support of the assertion that George was Yaroslav's Christian name is that he founded the town of Dorpat and named it Yuryevt (i. e., Georgetown). According to the most recent opinion, however, Yaroslav probably merely enlarged and renamed an old castle taken from the Esthonians in 1030. This stood for about thirty years, when it was burnt down by its previous owners during a rising. The present German town of Dorpat was founded on its site, but not until the thirteenth century. There is nothing in history to prove that Yaroslav conferred one of his own names on the town, and therefore the possibility is not excluded that he named it after a favourite. The question why Yaroslav was called Ladislaus need not be discussed until some authority can be *The badge in question occurs also in a modified form on Vladimir's and Svyatopolk's coins. What "ego shigio may mean I am unable to tell. † Cf. e. g. Ralston. Dr. Schiemann's 'Russia,' &c. found in support of the statement that he was so called. Before leaving the subject of Agatha's Russian ancestry, I may be allowed just to mention that the controversy about the question whether the Varangians were Norsemen or not has been fairly settled and answered in the affirmative by the masterly articles published by Kunik in Dorn's Caspia.' Cf. the three Ilchester lectures on 'Ancient Scandinavia and Russia,' delivered by Dr. V. Thomsen, professor of Copenhagen, in 1877, which give a brief outline of the state of the case. As regards Hungarian history, MR. FELCH asks what relation was Andrew I. to Stephen I. This is also a moot point, and cannot be answered here fully. Perhaps it will suffice at present to state that there are four different versions given in the chronicles regarding his relationship. Version one states that Andrew was the son of Ladislaus the Bald and grandson of Michael, who was the brother of Géza, the father of Stephen; and that Ladislaus had a brother named Basil. According to version two, Andrew was the son of Ladislaus, and Basil was the son of Michael; Ladislaus and Michael were the brothers of Géza, the father of Stephen. Version three makes Michael the father of St. Stephen, and Géza the father of Basil and Ladislaus, which is manifestly wrong. Andrew in this version, too, is mentioned as the son of Ladislaus. Finally, the fourth version makes Andrew the son of Basil, Basil and Ladislaus the sons of Michael, and Michael the brother of Géza, the father of Stephen.* The first pacific ruler of pagan Hungary, Géza, was Duke (not King) of Hungary. That he was baptized by Bruno, Bishop of Verdun, is news to me, and I should be glad to have a reference from MR. FELCH to his authority for the statement. If Géza's second wife was a daughter of the elder Gyula, she could not have been the sister of the Duke of Poland. The age attained by Stephen is also a matter of dispute. It is not yet settled, and probably never will be, whether he was sixty-three or seventy-one years of age. Hungarian histories, including even the very latest, state that King Peter of Hungary was the son of Otto Urseolo, Doge of Venice, though about twenty-five years ago Florian Mátyás, an Hungarian historian, I am told, produced documentary evidence to prove that Otto Urseolo died at Constantinople without leaving issue. Some of * Századok,' xxviii., pp. 399 et seq. † All I can find is that "temporibus Brunonis decimi sexti episcopi Verdensis S. Adalbertus Pragensis episcopus Stephanum regem Ungarorum cum multis baptizavit" Chronicon Episcopum Verdensium'). Bruno was bishop from 962 to VII. Idus Martii, 975. · Cf. 'Disquisitio de anno natali......St. Stephani regis" in Chronica Minora' (vol. iv. of the "Hist. Hung. Fontes Domestici "). the chronicles state that Peter's father was a Bur- In relation to the subject discussed by MR. FELCH, it may be of interest, though of little value, to note that I dealt with the Arsacid genealogy of Gibbon, and traced the descent of Queen Victoria on this hypothesis. My Armenian friends were much struck with this, and very desirous to annex the Queen. One of them, on the proposal of Mr. C. Papasian, translated my memorandum into Armenian, and it was published at Smyrna in English and Armenian. It is now scarce, but is in the Royal Library at Windsor and in the British Museum. I never examined into the evidences any more than for the descent from Jupiter and the gods of Olympus. It is possible that if the attention of the Armenians, through the Arevalk of Constantinople, were called to this paper of MR. FELCH, a thorough investigation of Armenian material might be obtained. The Armenians are very fond of the Arsacid descent, and adopt Arsacid and Parthian names. Surely it is time among English writers that we should pay some attention to the relationship of Warangian and Russian to ourown kindred, instead of repeating the Norse theory. It is now above forty years ago that I laid before the Society of Antiquaries, and afterwards elsewhere, those testimonies to the descent of Varangian from “Angli et Varini" (of the Germania' of Tacitus), and of Russian from Rugii, which have been repeated by many writers, and last by Karl Blind this year in a long article in the Scottish Quarterly Review. On this basis the statements of Nestor are more easily reconciled, as also MR. FELCH's positions as to the relations of the English princes. HYDE CLARKE. donian family as given by MR. W. F. FELCH, I Without disputing the descent_of_the_Macemay, perhaps, be allowed to show that he is mistaken in supposing that "only through Agatha can the reigning sovereign claim extended ancient lineage," for all Edward III.'s children were descended from the lines of Aquitaine and France, and these, equally with Agatha, derived from the Thus, Philippa of Hainault's ancestor in the twelfth degree, Arnolf of Aquitaine, 993, married Luitgarde, daughter of Basil II, Porphyrigenitus, who was own brother to Anne, the wife of St. Vladimir. Macedonian race. Again, Edward III.'s_ancestor in the tenth degree, Henry I. of France, married Anne, daughter of Yaroslaf of Russia, St. Vladimir's son. Again, Philippa's great-great-grandfather, * Akadémiai értesitö,' newest series, vol. iii., 1869. Stephen V. of Hungary, was descended from several very ancient royal lines, his mother being a daughter of the Eastern Emperor Theodore Lascarus, who was descended from four other Eastern emperors-viz., Alexius Angelus, Andronicus Angelus, Alexius Comnenus, and Isaac Comnenus. Again, Stephen V.'s great-grandfather, Bela III. of Hungary, was son of Geysa III. by Githa, daughter of Mieceslaf I. of Russia, and this last was fifth in descent, through a line of kings or grand dukes, from St. Vladimir. It is therefore clear that the descendants of Edward III. do not depend solely upon Agatha for their most ancient lineage. Indeed, a careful study of Betham's 'Genealogical Tables of Kings,' &c., will show that among their forefathers must be reckoned considerably more than two hundred kings and queens regnant, without taking count of semi-mythical ancestries. C. MOOR. Barton-on-Humber. "COCK AND PYE." COL. PRIDEAUX, in his interesting paper on Vanishing London' (8th S. iv. 11), says that he believes the gabled tenement in Drury Lane, lately pulled down, was the "Cock and Pye." This is a natural error to fall into unless one has devoted more attention to the subject than it is worth. I, as a contributor of long standing to 'N. & Q.-that dear old repertory of utterly useless quillets and vaporously empty quidditiesknow better by chance. I think contributors to our small old-world quarto ought to nickname themselves "Quidditists," and so confess boldly that until a thing has grown into a captious nicety or nothing worth it can sarcely be drawn into the radius of a true interest for them. Larwood grows very learned, out of Johnson, Todd, and others, about the meaning of "Cock and Pie," which is "God and the Pie" of the Catholic Service Book. Himself, however, he thinks it was "Peacock and Pie," because that was a favourite and tempting dish. This is as good as anything else, only had it been accurate it is certain it would have been called "The Peacock Pie." In the same page he goes on to talk of the "Cock and Magpie" in Drury Lane as the alehouse that "6 gave its name to the Cock and Pie Fields between Drury Lane and St. Giles's Hospital." This is a total mistake. The Cock and Pye Fields, if we may trust Newton's careful map, did not touch the lower end of Drury Lane at all, two-fifths of which from the Strand northward was ground cut off by a palisade enclosure and called "Covent Garden"; at a further distance of one fifth more ran a road connecting Drury Lane with St. Martin's Lane; and the two-fifths to the north of that, up to Holborn Road, was the Cock and Pye Fields. On a branch loop of St. Martin's Lane stood the old "Cock and Pye" hostelry, with a lake or large pond at the back of it, through which ran a rivulet which flowed under Ivy Bridge, in the Strand, to Durham Steps, by Durham House, into the Thames. Aggas's map only shows the spaces, but marks no tavern-puts a cow where the pond was, but gives the road that runs from St. Martin's Lane, and continues it across Drury Lane, making it enter High Holborn at the side of the last house drawn on the south side of the street, close to the "Red Lion Inn," which gave the name to "Red Lion Fields" (now Square) on the north side of Holborn. 'Old and New London' gives this rightly, and says that the house where cakes and ale were sold gave its name to the fields. It is added that the country lane was called St. Martin's Lane about the time of Charles I., without any authority, and it is certainly wrong, for it is written "St. Martin's Lane" in the rate-book of 1617. Before that it was called West Church Lane, as may be read in Cunningham, our second Stow. That was eight years before the first Charles was king. It is mentioned in the life of Jack Sheppard that he and Page, the butcher of Clare Market, went to " caress themselves " in some good liquor at the "Cock and Pye." This would be the house at the top of Drury Lane, not the older one in St. Martin's Lane, pulled down before Jack Sheppard's day. Quidditists" would like to know the exact date. In the 'Tavern Anecdotes,' a very well-compiled little book, "By One of the Old School," published by Wm. Cole, 10, Newgate Street, in 1825, we learn that there was, up, at least, to the middle of the eighteenth century, a house called the "Cock and Pie." This seems to have been the old house removed a second time, and revived on the site of Rathbone Place, famed for conviviality. Busts were there of Broughton, Slack, G. Taylor, and Stevenson. The first named had his bruising booth in Tottenham Court Road, and a row of elms connected this house with one where Bathbuns and Tunbridge-water cakes were sold. This bun-house was, perhaps, at the corner of Tottenham Court Road, for Smith, in his charming 'Nollekens,' tells us that Nollekens could remember thirteen fine walnut trees between that road and Hanway Yard. Walnut trees and elms are all the same to most Londoners. As to the Shaksperian oath of " Cock and Pye," put into the mouth of Page, Dyce says nothing; Steevens calls it a popular adjuration, common enough in dramatic pieces. Cowden Clarke takes it for the common alehouse sign "Cock and Magpie," and I think we had better do the same. As for Pie standing for the Popish ordinal, being pinax cut short, or pied from its colours, rubric, white, and black, and cock, a corruption of the word God, it may be, or it may not. We have said enough for the present. Piebald Johnson defines as "of various colours," but I thought i was black and white; if so, the rubric would ex- Chingford Hatch. posed." Next year, on Oct. 31, we find the burial of "Ould Cooper." The same register, under Nov. 25, 1788, contains the baptismal entry of "Willm Keith, son of Alexander John Ball, a Capt in the Navy, and Mary, born Oct. 27." He remained a bachelor until 1870, and was then married at Richmond Parish Church, Surrey. Unfortunately, he had been intoxicated by his bride for the occasion. One can only hope that this was not the case with Eden Bridge. C. E. GILDERSOME-DICKINSON. "YEOMAN."-I appeal to writers and journalists to use this word only as describing a farmer who owns some land. A writer of some standing has used it recently of a farmer's son, as if it meant merely a person connected with rural life. HERBERT STURMER. A BOOK OF MS. SONNETS.-Mr. E. W. Swetenham, of Chester, lately showed me a small MS. book of quaint sonnets and couplets which was found some years ago in pulling down an old blackand-white farmhouse on his father's estate at Ros-Ould Cooper." sett. It was in a secret room against the chimney. Unfortunately, mice have eaten a good deal off the edge of most of the leaves, and the paper is in a very tender and crumbling state. I should put it down to about the middle of the seventeenth century; and Mr. Swetenham tells me that a leaf, now lost, stated or implied that the writer was in hiding at the time it was written. There are two sonnets to Hobson, the Cambridge carrier, which are not without some thoughts parallel to SIR WALTER SCOTT: "BACON, WITH REVERENCE." those of Milton. Twice "Ben J." or "B. J." is (See 4th S. xii. 27.)-Is it too late for me to answer referred to, apparently meaning Ben Jonson. These personal references would point to the first one years ago, to which no one, so far as I am a query of my own, made somewhere near twentyhalf of the seventeenth century; but the use of aware, replied? I asked what was the meaning of the word "its" requires a date nearer the middle" bacon, with reverence," twice mentioned by Caleb than the beginning of the century. I give a few Balderstone in 'The Bride of Lammermoor,' chap. x. extracts below; and I should be glad to learn (xi. in the older editions). I suggested that it was, from any one who is intimate with the literature perhaps, a Scottish dish so called. In this I was of that time whether they are original or not. mistaken. The following note in the 'Vocabulaire On a paire of tonnges. du Berry et de quelques Cantons Voisins,' 1842, although not referring specially to bacon, I think satisfactorily explains Caleb's meaning: The burnt childe drads the fire. if this be true On fine aparall. Som that there wifes may neate and clanly [go] Ill thrives that haples familie that shows Marriage as ould men note hath likned been LATE MARRIAGE. The parish register of Greenwich records the marriage, 1685, Nov. 18, of "John Cooper of this Parish, Almsman in Queen Elizabeth College, Aged 108, and Margarett Thomas of Charlton in Kent, Aged 80 years, by Licence of ye Lord Bishop of Rochester and leave of ye Governors of ye Drapers." It would be difficult, in all probability, after this A SHOWER OF FROGS.-A correspondence has lapse of time, to substantiate the age of the bride-been going on during July in the columns of the groom, but that of the bride indicates, I think, Glasgow Herald relative to a shower of frogs. that Cooper, whether centenarian or no, was, at any One correspondent, writing from Langside, states rate, a very old man. One wonders" who pro- that he had been informed by two gentlemen |
