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called Market Row." This shows how difficult the identification would have been had it depended upon oral inquiries addressed to residents in Kingsland. I have already adverted to the curious fact that the two directories for one and the same year notice the place by different names, the London directory having called it Kingsland Row from the beginning; still more curiously, each absolutely ignores an alternative name. No doubt, as Mr. Basham observed, and as I have previously suggested, the appellation Market Row arose out of the commercial character of the place; all the houses from No. 1 to No. 11 (No. 1 consisting of four houses, and No. 7 of two, differentiated by letters) appear in the 1860 suburban directory with tradesmen for their occupants, when there is a blank until we come to the last shop at the eastern corner, No. 23, now occupied by Mrs. Goldsmith, leading us to suppose that the intermediate houses were in private occupation. Mr. Basham told me that the Row was never a public thoroughfare, a bar having originally been placed at the Kings-toire de Guillaume le Maréchal'); nor is it proland Green end to exclude carriages, which might otherwise have passed through in order to evade toll; at a rather late period the bar was removed and succeeded by a series of posts. His animadversions upon the former rural aspect of the neighbourhood coincided with my boyish impressions of fifty years ago, and he showed me two lithographic views of Kingsland Gate as it appeared in 1820 and 1860 respectively. The earlier of these transports us to a country roadside; but as I question their fidelity, especially that of the 1860 view, which contains a palpable anachronism, I pass them by. It cannot, however, be doubted that the place bore much resemblance to a country village when Lamb chose lodgings there. If there were houses on the northern side of Dalston Lane, his abode must have faced their backs, so that there could have been little inviting to the eye in front. But a map of so late a date as 1847 shows a very open stretch in rear, in the direction of Shacklewell. An examination of the maps in the Crace Collection, if I could obtain a sight of them, would enable me to judge more precisely of the environment. Anyhow, if Lamb wanted seclusion and quiet in inexpensive lodgings, he selected the right spot in Kingsland Row. F. ADAMS.

Roberts's 'Excerpta e Rotulis Finium,' i. 128). The only daughters of Hugh de Lacy to whom I have found contemporary references are the wives of Alan of Galloway and Miles MacCostelloe. But even if Maud de Lacy were accepted, the descent of Queen Victoria from Cathal Crobhderg would not be proved, for Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, and his brother Walter were sons of Hugh de Lacy the elder by his first wife, and not by the daughter of the King of Connaught. This is shown by Earl Hugh's own grants to the Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin, "pro salute anime mee, et domini patris mei Hugonis de Lasci, et matris mee Roeis de Monemune, cujus corpus in predicta ecclesia requiescit" (Register of St. Thomas, Dublin,' pp. 7 and 13, Rolls Series). Moreover, Hugh de Lacy the elder probably did not marry the daughter of the King of Connaught till 1180 or 1181, and his eldest son Walter was certainly of full age when he did homage to Richard for his Irish lands at Northampton in March, 1194 ('Hisbable that the second son, Hugh, was but a lad of seventeen when he fought under John de Courci in 1199, or a young man of three-andtwenty when he was made Earl of Ulster in May, 1205, and appointed to be the chief adviser of the Justiciar Meiler Fitz Henry. I should notice also that the second wife of the elder Hugh de Lacy was probably a daughter of Roderic O'Connor, and not of Cathal Crobhderg. Under any circumstances, therefore, the supposed descent of Queen Victoria is untenable.

80, Saltoun Road, Brixton, S.W.

DE BURGHS, EARLS OF ULSTER (8th S. v. 229, 391). Mr. T. A. Archer has stated sufficiently in the 'Dictionary of National Biography' (vii. 329) the reasons for discrediting the story that Walter de Burgh was husband of Maud de Lacy, daughter of Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster. The story first appears in a fifteenth century manuscript, and, as T. W. remarks, Walter's father, Richard de Burgh, was certainly married to Egidia, daughter of Walter de Lacy, before April 21, 1225 (see

All the points raised by F. G., T. W., and MR.
JOHN RADCLIFFE are easily settled by_reference
to the articles on Walter de Burgh, the Lacys, and
John de Monmouth in the Dictionary of National
Biography' with the authorities therein quoted.
C. L. KINGSFORD.

·

T. W. states that he has never seen it stated that Hugh de Lacy the elder married Rohais de Monmouth. He will find it in the 'Dictionary of National Biography,' and also that she was the mother of two sons, Walter, Lord of Meath, and Hugh, Earl of Ulster, and two daughters, who married Richard de Beaufo and William Fitz Alan.

The same authority states that by Rose, daughter of Roderick O'Conor, he had one son William, killed 1253, s.p., and one daughter Matilda, who married Geoffrey de Marisco.

Again, the Dictionary of National Biography' mentions that Geoffrey de Marisco had nine sons, but does not say by which of his wives, Eva de Bermingham or Matilda de Lacy, so that it is uncertain whether any descendants of the marriage of the De Lacys with the daughter of the King of Connaught exist or not. Can any of your readers give information on this point?

Several of Geoffrey de Marisco's sons married, and one daughter, Joan, married Theobald Fitz

Walter, and was ancestress of the Dukes of Ormond.

T. W. also states that Bolderon of Monmouth (the probable father of Rohais above mentioned) married a daughter of "Strongbow." The 'Dictionary of National Biography' makes her Strongbow's sister.

I believe the pedigree making Geoffrey de Marisco grandfather of Geoffrey FitzPiers, Earl of Essex (through a supposed fifth son Piers) is exploded. I should be glad to know the name of his father.

T. W. is mistaken in thinking Walter de Burg married Aveline, daughter of John FitzGeoffrey. She was his granddaughter, daughter of John FitzJohn FitzGeoffrey (vide Burke's 'Extinct Peerages,' p. 209, edit. 1883).

MR. RADCLIFFE states that Rich. de Burg, sen., married Una or Agnes, daughter of Hugh O'Conor, son of Cahill Croibdearg, King of Connaught, and grand-niece of Roderick above mentioned.

Burke's Peerage' says he married Hodierna, daughter of Robert de Gernon and granddaughter of Cahill Croibdearg. T. W. and the 'Dictionary of National Biography' state that his wife was Egidia, daughter of Walter de Lacy, second Lord of Meath. Had he three wives; and, if so, which was the mother of his son Walter, Earl of Ulster? J. G. CURIOUS CUSTOM AT CHURCHING OF WOMEN (8th S. v. 385).—The Rev. John Hunte, curate of Herne, Kent, in a letter dated August 10, 1621, mentions an ancient custom beyond the memory of man," then observed in his parish. After mentioning the amount of tithe due to the vicar he gives the "church fees ":

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"It. For a chrystning at the mother's churchinge, if the childe then be living, half an ell of linen cloth; and a penny if the child be departed; 1a only at the mother's comeing to give thanks. But the antient duty for chrystning was a cryeome (or the face cloth that covered the child at its baptisme), if it lived; but, if the child died, the minister was to have ij. for the baptizing, and was to loose the face cloth (for that was to wind the child in)."-Memorials of Herne,' pp. 58, 59.

1549), which custom appears to have been practised for many years after that date, perhaps till 1723, the year in which the Rev. John Lewis published his History of Thanet'? The learned orientalist, John Gregory, Prebendary of Sarum (collated Nov. 28, 1643), thus writes:

"Remaining yet [1646] unto us of this, is that which we more commonly call the Chrisome (ab unctione, as the Manuel, &c.), wherewith the women use to shrowd the brought to the Church at the day of Purification." Child, if dying within the month. Otherwise it is to be

On referring to Gurgany's life of Gregory, I find that the latter was born at Amersham. He was instructed in Oriental learning by John Dod, the Puritan, and became in 1638 chaplain to Bishop Duppa. J. H. W.

"MENDING" OR "ENDING" (8th S. v. 486).— It may be interesting to add to the examples given of the "little jingle" about ending or mending the following, from the Eikon Basilike ':—

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"I had the charity to interpret that most part of my subjects fought against my supposed errors, not my person; and intended to mend me, not to end me."

J. T. Y. REV. HENRY STEBBING, D.D. (8th S. v. 424).— According to the obituary notice in the City Press, Sept. 26, 1883, his mother was a member of the Suffok family of Rede" (not Read). There is a portrait of him in the Illustrated London News, of the Athenæum." And in the Athenæum, Oct. 6, 1883, where he is described as "first editor Sept. 29, 1883, is a long obituary notice of him, with a list of his principal works. I may also mention that there is a fine portrait of him, engraved by S. W. Reynolds, after T. W. Harland, and also a large lithograph by C. Baugniet.

AMBROSE HEAL.

Dr. Stebbing was a versatile writer, and it is recorded of him that he was ready to accept any commission from a publisher, whether to compose heard him refer to his connexion with the Athea volume of sermons or a cookery book. I have næum in its early days; he is stated to have been joint editor with J. S. Buckingham in 1828, and he told me that he wrote the "leaders" which There is a somewhat similar observance alluded appeared in the four volumes of 1828-9-there to by Dickens, the great collector of lower middle-are none in 1830-also the review of Hampden's class customs:'Evidences' (p. 2, 1828). This is merely the tittle-tattle of an old bookseller. P. N. R.

KNOWLER.

"[The marriage] was completely done, however, and when we were going out of church, Wemmick took the cover off the font, and put his white gloves in it, and put the cover on again. Mrs. Wemmick, more heedful of the future, put her white gloves in her pocket, and assumed her green."- Great Expectations,' ch. lv. Was this ceremony ever considered the correct thing? EDWARD H. Marshall, M.A.

Hastings.

Was not this a survival of the custom of returning the chrisom to the priest (vide Rubric of

For a short but sympathetic memoir see' Annual Register,' 1883, p. 171. St. James's, Hampstead, had a burial-ground in very bad condition. The chapel was an afterthought (see 'Interment in Stebbing's "Fast-Day" sermon there, with a porTowns Report,' 1843, p. 98). For notice of Dr. trait, see Illustrated London News, April 29, 1854, pp. 398-400. He is said to have taken a view of the war which was not considered orthodox in those days. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

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burial in Audley, South Audley, or Grosvenor Chapel, on December 18, 1757, of Colley Cibber, Esq. (aged eighty-seven years), of Berkeley Square, is duly recorded (p. 343) in the burial register and sexton's book of the parish of St. George, Hanover Square, co. Middlesex. DANIEL HIPWELL.

PICNIC (8th S. v. 189, 218, 412).-The following extract from Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities' may prove illustrative of the extreme antiquity of this custom :

EGG SERVICE (8th S. v. 429).-There can be hardly a doubt as to the nature of this. It is no "ancient custom of any kind whatever, but merely one of the numerous modern devices for obtaining funds for any object, whether in money or kind. I am loth to appear to speak harshly, but their principle is wrong from beginning to end. Broadly speaking, it is that of giving in one shape or other a quid pro quo, which leads to action clean contrary to the Scriptural command to do good and lend hoping for nothing again. Of course this is less prominent with flower services and "egg services"; but how many donors give for notoriety, with no thought of the object? With bazaars, &c., it is undisguised. When I lived at Kenwyn and watched the building of Truro Cathe-pavos, in the sense of a convivial party, is of ancient dral, I was hardly ever more grieved than at the great bazaar got up for the purpose. I nearly attempted a public remonstrance, but was dissuaded. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

Longford, Coventry. Quite recently a service like that reported in the Church Times of April 20 took place at Naburn, near York. The offerings were afterwards sent to a charitable institution in the city; and it was hoped that the children who brought them learned a lesson as to the duty of giving and experienced the pleasure involved in it. ST. SWITHIN.

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DISESTABLISHMENT (8th S. v. 407).-The doctrine would hardly have suited the Convenanters. The Poultry gentlemen probably drew their inspiration from a very congenial source. For on Oct. 30, 1789, that very ,, righteous person, Mirabeau, said in the National Assembly, "Every nation is the sole and true proprietor of the property of its clergy." Certainly, he modified this general principle, by allowing that the maintenance of public worship was a first charge upon the property; but the decree of Nov. 2, which embodied his resolution, stated the same assumption, that Church property was "at the disposal of the nation." Hence came the assignats, and much financial trouble. (See Jervis's Gallican Church and the Revolution,' pp. 38, 53.)

Hastings.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

LINES IN A CEMETERY (8th S. v. 306, 412).-MR. HUSSEY can hardly think that any general answer can be given to his query on the authorship of country epitaphs. Of course the author might be the clerk or the parson; or some other local poet or poetaster; or the friends of the deceased; or "the corpse himself. But as a general rule it is safe to say that the friends either composed them or procured their composition. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. Longford, Coventry.

THE DEATH AND BURIAL OF COLLEY CIBBER 47th S. i. 307, 413, 513; ii. 35, 94, 152).—The

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Epavo were clubs or societies established for charitable or convivial purposes, or for both. They were very common at Athens, and suited the temper of the people, who were both social and generous. The term the German pikeniks, and was also called dεîπvov ȧпò date (Homer, 'Od.,' i. 226). It resembled our picnics, or Tvρidoç, oг áñò σvμẞolwv, where every guest brought his own dish, or (to save trouble) one was deputed to cater for the rest, and was afterwards repaid by contributions," &c.

The initials C. R. K. are appended, indicating
Charles Rann Kennedy, M.A., late Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

It may amuse some of your readers to learn that
the Hindustani invariably calls a picnic a págli-
khána, or madman's dinner, just as he names a
fancy ball a púgli - nautch, or madman's dance.
He means no disrespect. The view that he takes
of such proceedings is that the sahib is wont
"desipere in locis."
H. S. Boys.

MACBRIDE (8th S. v. 468).-A letter was printed in the Ballymoney Free Press, Feb. 6, 1868, which gave an account of three generations of this family, but only mentioned two sons of Robert Macbride. There was, however, also a daughter, Mary Anne, who died unmarried. Of the sons, David, M.D., married Mrs. Darcus Cummin, widow, and died without issue, 1778. His widow died 1790. The other son, John, Admiral of the Blue, was twice married, with issue by his first wife one daughter, Charlotte Anne; and by his second wife, one son, John David, D.C.L., and one daughter, Mary Anne Dorothy, who died unmarried, April 13, 1855. John David Macbride left an only child, Frances, who died unmarried, 1878. A. T. M.

of London was from early ages used as a prison, especially for state delinquents, and in many of the cells the memorials of suffering are still presented Tower during the present century were Sir Francis on their walls. The only persons confined in the Burdett, Bart., by order of the House of Commons, on April 6, 1810; Watson, Preston, Hooper, and Keens, by warrant of the Privy Council, on charges of high treason; and, April 28, Arthur Thistle

TOWER OF LONDON (8th S. v. 468).—The Tower

wood, for the like offence; and lastly, on March 3, | p. 603 (Paris, 1840), from which it appears that 1820, Thistlewood, Ings, Harrison, Davidson, in subsequent editions of his books Paré proposed Wilson, Brunt, Tidd, and Monument, by warrant of the Secretary of State, for high treason. These persons were the Cato Street conspirators. Very good accounts of both occurrences appear in All the Year Round, under the heading of 'Old Stories Retold,' first series, xvii. 230 and xvi. 415 respectively. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road. Hepworth Dixon's' Her Majesty's Tower' states that the Cato Street party, in 1820, were last of our state prisoners from the Tower."

64 the

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M. A.

It may be that a man accused of "participating in some rebellion in Canada (doubtless that of the Sons of Liberty, 1837)" was confined in the Tower of London; but I have always understood-though I write quite as much for information as on the chance of being corrected-that the last man sent to the Tower was Sir Francis Burdett, father of Lady Burdett-Coutts. H. DE B. H.

“THIRTY DAYS HATH SEPTEMBER" (8th S. iii.I 245, 475; iv. 77; v. 337, 373, 458).-It may be of interest to note that at the well-known school of the Society of Friends at Ackworth the pupils were taught the number of days in each month

thus:

Days twenty-eight in second month appear; And one day more is added each leap year: The fourth, eleventh, ninth, and sixth months run To thirty days; the rest have thirty-one. This, I am informed by an old pupil of the school, was many years ago; and in Tables of Weights, Measures,' &c., compiled for the use of that institution, fourteenth edition, 1885, these lines are given, from which it would appear they are still W. W. DAVIES. taught there.

Glenmore, Lisburn, co. Antrim,

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ARTIFICIAL EYES (8th S. v. 187, 236, 379).– The artificial eyes proposed by Ambroise Paré were thin curved plates of gold, painted and enamelled to match the sound eye. Glass eyes seem to have been of more recent origin, and I should like to know by whom they were invented. Paré's suggestion first appeared in his 'Méthode Curative des Playes de la Teste Humaine,' fol. 226 (Paris, 1561), where he gives four illustrations showing the back and front of a right and left eye. Some further particulars are given in Malgaigne's Euvres complètes d'Ambroise Paré,' vol. ii.

in some cases to keep the eye in place by a thin
wire passing behind the ear. As a non-professional
man, I venture to suggest that most persons would
rather wear a shade than put up with the incon-
Is there any
venience of Paré's artificial eye.
record of the actual use of artificial eyes of this
R. B. P.
kind?

BEANS (8th S. v. 409, 494). - The advice of Pythagoras to his disciples, to abstain from beans, was probably, like our Lord's warning to beware of the leaven of the Scribes and Pharisees, a parabolic injunction to keep clear of politics, voting being conducted by beans put into an urn. ISAAC TAYLOR.

See Pliny, 'Natural History,' xviii. 30, "Beans are used in the funeral banquets of the Parentalia," or the feast held at Rome in honour of departed JOHN E. Sugars.

ancestors.

ST. EDMUND HALL, OXFORD (8th S. v. 447).— never heard of the All Saints' dedication in my day, 1863-66. I think we supposed that as the hall, so the chapel; both taking their name from Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury, November 16 being his feast day. The arms assigned to him, after his death, are used by the hall, and appear on the chapel: Or, a cross flory gules between three choughs sable.

St. Andrews, N. B.

GEORGE ANGUS.

Dr. Ingram, in his 'Memorials,' has at "St. Edmund's Hall," p. 9: "The first stone of the chapel was laid April 19, 1680, and it was consecrated under the name of St. Edmund by Bishop ED. MARSHALL. Fell, April 7, 1682."

According to Wood's History of the Colleges and Halls of Oxford' (edited by John Gutch, 1786-90), it was called by this name because it belonged originally to a man named Edmund. He says (p. 660):

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"The next Hall......to be mentioned is Edmund Hall, opposite to Queen's College, in the Parish of St. Peter's in the East. The reason of whose name all writers have hitherto attributed to St. Edmund, who was Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of Henry III., as if he, while a student în Oxford, had made it from a messuage to be a place of learning, or that he had read to his scholars therein; but all, whosoever they have been, that have spoken concerning that matter have erred; for from record it appears, that it was anciently no more than an ordinary tenement, and that it was possesst by one Edmund, an inhabitant or Burgher of Oxford, in the beginning of Henry III., and after his death by his son Ralph."

Ralph, it appears, sold it to Sir Brian de Bermingham, who parted with it to Thomas de Malmsbury. gave it to the He, in turn, about six years later " Canons of Osney, an. 1269" for a mark a year as

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PARENTS OF BALDWIN II. (8th S. v. 229, 411). There seems some difference of opinion as to the parentage of Baldwin II., King of Jerusalem. Your correspondents T. W. and the REV. C. F. S. WARREN have apparently been misled by a pedigree in Anderson's Royal Genealogies. L'Art de Vérifier les Dates,' which is my authority for asserting that Baldwin was the second son of Hugh, Count of Rethe!, by Melesinde, his wife, goes fully into the subject. Eustace, Count of Boulogne, by Ida, daughter of Godfrey de Bouillon, had three sons, viz., (1) Godfrey, King of Jerusalem; (2) Eustace, Count of Boulogne, father of Matilda, Queen of England; (3) Baldwin I., King of Jerusalem. These appear to have been his only issue. Voigtel gives him another son William and a daughter Ida, who is said to have been the wife of "Baldwin, Count of Berg." In his table of the Christian Kings of Jerusalem, Voigtel describes Baldwin II. correctly as "son of Hugh, Count of Rethel," but at the same time draws a line of descent from Ida, the supposed daughter of Eustace of Boulogne, and wife of "Baldwin, Count of Berg." "L'Art de Vérifier les Dates' says Baldwin II. was "surnamed" De Bourg.

C. H.

SIR JOHN GERMAINE (8th S. v. 329, 412). Horace Walpole tells this story, and the anonymous compiler of Walpoliana,' printed for R. Phillips, St. Paul's Churchyard, no date, repeats

it:

"Sir John Germain was a Dutch adventurer who intrigue with a countess [the Duchess of Norfolk] who was divorced and married him. This man was so ignorant that being told that Sir Matthew Decker wrote

came over here in the reign of Charles II. He had an

St. Matthew's Gospel, he firmly believed it. I doubted this tale very much till I asked a lady of quality, his

descendant, about it, who told me it was true. She added that Sir John Germain was in consequence so much persuaded of Sir Matthew Decker's piety, that by his will be left 2004. to Sir Matthew, to be by him distributed among the Dutch paupers in London."

Sir John Germain was said to be the natural son of William of Orange by the beautiful wife of a Dutch trooper, whose good looks he inherited. He

married, secondly, Lady Betty, daughter of Lord Berkeley, a handsome, clever woman, very much his junior, the life-long friend and correspondent of Swift, who, on her father's being appointed Governor of Ireland, had accompanied him to Dublin as his private secretary and probably chaplain. C. A. WHITE.

DICKENS'S FUNERAL (8th S. v. 386).—B. W. S. speaks of a leading article in the Times, which Dean Stanley said appeared on Monday, June 9, 1870, and B. W. S. corrects the dates thus: "In point of fact, Dickens died on Thursday, June 9, and the article appeared on Monday, the 10th." He adds Accuracy is never a small matter," and here is proof of it for a Monday to be one day's date later than the preceding Thursday. W. POLLARD.

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"CANARY BIRD": John and Nicholas Udal (8th S. i. 109, 198, 339; ii. 378, 433; iii. 395, 472).-Allow me to thank ST. SWITHIN, though late (I have been absent for some months in the colonies), for his reply at the last reference. The Fijian appetite is quite satisfied, as he has tioned with the John Udall or Uvedale, the author enabled me to identify the John Udal he menof the first Hebrew grammar printed in English (Leyden, 1593), the primary object of my first note. to ST. SWITHIN's reply relative to a communication I was surprised to see the editorial note appended the Editor had received concerning Nicholas Udal, who is, I presume, the same person as Nicholas Udall or Uvedale, the author of the first English comedy (Ralph Roister Doister"), the only copy of which now known (except, of course, Mr. Arber's well-known reprint) is in the Eton College Library, minus the title-page, if I remember rightly.

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