copy of which may be seen in the Library of the Corporation of the City of London, Guildhall. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. So far as I know there is not a single example of an English Easter sepulchre made of wood in existence. I have made inquiries in the hope that one, at least, might have come down to our time, but have never received a satisfactory answer to the questions I have asked. There is a very valuable paper on Easter sepulchres, by Major Alfred Heales, in the forty-second volume of the Archæologia. Mention of Easter sepulchres made of wood occurs in my English Church Furniture,' pp. 34, 39, 44, 50, 60, 65, 67, 73, 99, 108, 120, 143, 152, 167. EDWARD PEACOCK. Dunstan House, Kirton-in-Lindsey. himself says, L'Art de Vérifier les Dates,' great as is the authority of that work. Sigebert Gemblacenses, or rather the continuation of his chronicle by Robert de Monte, says, sub 1118, "tertius regnat [i. e., in Jerusalem] Balduinus filius Hugonis Comitis de Reitesta." Baldwin de Berg (or Bourg) did marry a lady of the name of Ida, as Sigebert under 1084, 66 comes Montensis Balduinus uxorem ducit Idam." Why Ida has been taken to be a daughter of Count Eustace with the Whiskers I know not. She is not mentioned by Ordericus Vitalis. Perhaps the name of Ida being also the name of Eustace's wife suggested the relationship. I thank C. H. for calling attention to what clearly seems an error. T. W. Aston Clinton. LADY DANLOVE (8th S. v. 88; vi. 57).-The will of "Dame Jacoba Vanloore, widow, late wife of Sir Peter Vanloore, late of London, knight, deceased," was dated Sept. 6, 11 Car., anno 1635, and proved in the P.C.C. by Thomas Crompton, of Westminster, gentleman, the sole executor, April 27, 1636. The desired information will be found fully treated in Bloxam's 'Principles of Gothic Architecture,' 1882, vol. ii. pp. 98-124. After stating that some of the best examples of sepulchral arches or receptacles for the movable wooden structures are to be found at Cubbington and Long Itchington, Warwickshire; Garthorpe, Leicestershire; Amongst other legacies, she bequeathes, Hawton and St. Peter Sibthorp, Notts; Hecking-"to the poor of the city of Westminster 107.; to the poor ton, Navenby, and Lincoln Minster, Lincolnshire; of the parish of Fulham 10.; to the poor of the parish Patrington, Yorks; Northwold, Norfolk; and Holcome Burnell, Devon-Bloxam says: "What appears to have been the movable Easter sepulchre formerly belonging, I think, to Kilsby Church, Northamptonshire......consists of a wooden coffer, 3 ft. 9 in. in length, 1ft. 3 in. in width, and 1 ft. 9 in, in height, exclusive of modern supports. The cover is comparatively modern. The back, which was placed against the north wall of the chancel, is plain, but the ends and front have five square panels carved in relief, one at each end and three in front. Each panel is about 13 in. by 11 in. These panels have each a group of figures." of Chelsey 10.; to each of my grandchildren, being children of my late daughter Katherine, late wife of Sir Thomas Glembam, Kt., and of my daughter Elizabeth, late wife of John Vandenbemden, 500l. apiece; to my son-in-law Sir Edward Powell, Kt. and Bart., one of H.M. Masters of the Court of Requests, 500.; to my executor, in trust for my daughter, dame Mary Powell, now wife of Sir Edward Powell, Kt. and Bart., her executors and assigns, all my late husband's adventures in the East and West Indian Companies; to my son-inlaw Sir Thomas Glemham, Kt. 100l. for a ring in memory of me. Whereas I have been much vexed and troubled with suits by my son Sir Peter Vanloore (Bart.), and he has been disobedient and undutiful to me, and I have been put to expense and questioned by my son-inlaw Sir Charles Caesar, Kt., I have therefore given nothing to them or their children by this my will." B. W. GREENFIELD. Southampton. Commencing with the east end, (1) our Lord before H. POSTLETHWAITE POLLARD. PARENTS OF BALDWIN (8th S. v. 229, 411; vi. 14).—Baldwin II. I now admit to have been a son of Hugh, Count of Rethel, but not in deference to I would beg to suggest to MR. FERET that there is, after, all a particle of doubt, and that the true name is not "Vanlore," as given in the Fulham Wanlore," as in the rate book, 1628-36, nor Chelsea register of burials, 1636, but really "Van Loor," which is unmistakably the way her husband signed a deed on April 28, 1618, jointly with Sir Baptiste Hicks (afterwards Viscount Campden). The deed is bound up in a grangerized Faulkner's 'Kensington,' otherwise I would with pleasure send it for MR. FERET's inspection. Kensington. FREDK. HENdriks. MAID RIDIBONE (8th S. vi. 47).-The legend of Sancta Puella Ridibone, believed to be Redbourne, Herts, is given by Walsingham (edit. 1603, Frank fort, p. 164). It is said that in the year 1344, a damsel falling into a millstream, passed under the wheel, and was taken out lifeless; yet having none of her bones broken, she was restored to life through the instrumentality of St. Alban, invoked by her parents. At Redbourne was a Benedictine cell to St. Alban's Abbey, and the priory church was richly furnished with relics. Matthew Paris (edit. Wats, p. 135) says that the relics of St. Amphibalus, St. Alban's instructor, were found there in 1178, and several miracles were wrought before the relics were translated to St. Albans. A girl of fifteen years of age, who had been a cripple from her birth, was at once restored to health and activity (see Norfolk Archæology,' ii. 290). The later puella seems to have been raised to the dignity of a local saint, and her figure is represented on the screen at Gateley, Norfolk. C. R. MANNING. CIVIC INSIGNIA FOR MANCHESTER (8th S. v. 325). The following is a cutting from the Daily Telegraph of July 21: "The Lady Mayoress of Manchester is shortly to be presented with an official collar and badge, the gift of Sir William Cunliffe Brooks, Bart. It is an example of British art-goldsmith work of the Tudor style, and is made of the finest wrought gold. The design consists of ten Lancaster roses, hammered in three tiers, enamelled in ruby translucent red, alternating with ten miniature cotton bales, enamelled white. These emblems are united by links on the pattern of those found in an ancient cairn known as the 'Lucky Links of Glen Tana,' and are also identical with those of a Runic chain preserved in the museum at Copenhagen. The badge shows the armorial bearings of the city of Manchester. The shield, its supporters, crest, and motto (Concilio et Labore), chased in pure gold, are in their heraldic colours. This official collar was made by Messrs. Phillips, art-goldsmiths, Cockspur Street, who claim that the work may favourably compare with the finest specimens of pure gold enamel of the sixteenth century. The only other official collar for a Lady Mayoress is that of the Lady Mayoress of York." CELER ET AUDAX. "NIVELING" (8th S. v. 248, 395, 437, 493; vi. 15, 51).—It is difficult to continue this discussion, as I surely do not want "to find all the fault possible." Far from it; I merely thought it hard that my book should be condemned without examination. The new charge against me is that my work is learned and exhaustive. I fear there are errors, and that many things are missed. I merely explained what I could make out, and this is resented as spoiling guess-work. That is no reason why I should not try to do my best. There are several editions of my Piers Plow: man.' The "exhaustive" edition is that published for the English Text Society. The Oxford edition, in parallel columns, is much reduced, in the interest of the general reader, and is now being offered at a guinea. Lastly, there is the edition of about one-third of the poem, published at a few shillings, and well known to students. It has gone through six editions, and is the one in which "snivelling is misprinted with one l. I hope they are not all alike to be condemned as "learned merely because they are fairly accurate. The passage quoted proves very little. The words "his nekke hanging" have nothing to do with "nevelynge." So little is there any connexion, that in the later version (C-text) of the poem the line runs, "With a nyuylyng nose, nyppyng hus [his] lyppes." See my parallel-text edition. I am asked for the root of the word which means downwards.* It is duly given in Stratmann's Dictionary,' p. 452, which should have been consulted. It is allied to the A.-S. neowol, nýwol, niwol, prone, prostrate, low. It is hard to have to look out words for others, and I do not know why this should be expected for English any more than for Latin. If a man does not know the meaning of a Latin word, he is expected to look it out for himself. As R. R. prefers passages from old authors, the same book will provide them. I copy these: Layamon, 16777 (later text); Trevisa, ii. 203; O. Eng. Homilies, i. 225, 233. As to sneeze, it is all in my 'Dictionary.' The Greek Tvéw is to blow; the cognate A.-S. fneosan. is to sneeze, also to snort or puff, as in fnæst, a puff, blast. Hence Mid. Eng. fneosen or fnesen, Swed. fnysa. Owing to the difficulty of pronounto snort or sneeze; cf. Du. fniezen, Dan. fnyse, cing fn, some people dropped the f, and others turned it into s; so that fneeze, neeze, and sneeze are all one word, with the various senses of snort, puff, and sneeze. If " passages are desired, see the 'Tale of Beryn,' 42; Chaucer, 'Cant. Tales,' Manc. Prol. H 62 (in my small edition); Wyclif, Job. xli. 9. I hope R. R. will think none the worse of me if I say that I highly commend his plan of reading authors for oneself, and getting information at first hand. This is where we are quite at one, and I hope he will forgive all rhetorical expressions. WALTER W. SKEAT. VISITING CARDS (8th S. vi. 67).-Visiting cards were in use at the date of 'St. Ronan's Well,' put somewhat indefinitely as the time when "the Peninsular War was at its height." But they were not then called "cards." Lady Penfeather sends the earl "a card for her blow-out"; but when Captain Jekyl, of the Guards, introduces himself he presents his ticket." W. F. WALLER. utilized as visiting and also as cards of invitation Disused playing cards appear to have been during the last century. In Hogarth's 'Marriage à la Mode,' plate iv., painted in 1745, there are *I doubt if the u means v in this word. We find nuel, neuelinge, nyuelinge; the u may be vocalic. I have among my autograph collections a quantity of the cards used by titled personages. They are almost all addressed to George Selwyn, in Chesterfield Street. Many of them are written on the backs of cards which have been used and handled at gaming clubs or at private houses; and they would seem to have served the same purpose as the cards on which ladies to-day enclose short communications. A few of them have the names of the senders printed or engraved. These would range mostly between 1770 and 1780, and seem to solve MR. MARCUS BRAND's question approximately at least. E. WALFORD. DELIA BACON (8th S. vi. 47, 74).—The alleged biography of this unfortunate lady is a mere rhapsody; indeed, it is very difficult to write seriously about Delia's delusions. The Bacon craze does not belong to the study or illustration of Shakspere as an author, but to the criticism of his commentators. The attempt to show that Francis Bacon personated William Shakspere is one of those mysticisms that arise from spiritualistic influences; the thing is physically impossible. There are some similarities in idea and diction, which may be rationally explained by the assumption that Shakspere saw some of the Essays' in manuscript before publication and assimilated it. Miss Bacon was probably influenced by the similarity of her family name to do a something to identify her personality with his lordship. Her prolusions appeared first in Putnam's Magazine for January, 1856; Mr. W. H. Smith lectured thereon in London a few weeks later, and contests priority. The lady died under restraint in 1859, owing to disappointment in a love affair. A. HALL. AN EARLY POSTAL COVER (8th S. vi. 9).-The postal cover given in the pamphlet published by Sir Rowland Hill in 1837 must have been an illustration or specimen of one proposed for general use when the Act of Parliament (which was subsequently passed in 1839) came into operation. The penny post commenced on Jan. 10, 1840, with the uniform rate of one penny per letter of half an ounce weight, but one penny per ounce was not in force till April, 1865. The Mulready covers, which were the first issued, were on paper manufactured by Mr. Dickinson, with three red silken cords stretched through its substance above the design, and two in blue at the lower part of the sheet, which measured nine inches by seven. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. The cover mentioned by MR. JAMES B. MORRIS was a mere "essay," and never in use. It is uncommon. MR. MORRIS will find some account of it, and other postal proposals of the 1837-40 period. in London and Westminster Review, 1840, p. 504; Magasin Pittoresque, 1863, pp. 119, 151, 199; Stamp Collector's Magazine, 1863, pp. 37, 52, 56; 1868, p. 130; 'Catalogue of Postage Stamps,' by Mount Brown, fifth edition, 1864; Catalogue of Postage Stamps,' by J. E. Gray, fourth edition, 1866; Postage and Telegraph Stamps of Great Britain,' by F. A. Philbrick and W. A. S. Westoby, 1881. P. J. ANDERSON. Aberdeen University. REV. EDWARD WOODCOCK, LL.D. (8th S. vi. 28). Edward Woodcock, of Corpus Christi College, admitted M. A. at Cambridge per Literas Regias in 1762, proceeded to the degree of LL.D. in that university in 1771. He was instituted to the vicarage of Watford, co. Hertford, July 30, 1762, His death is thus recorded in Gent. Mag., June, on the presentation of William, Earl of Essex. 1792, vol. lxii. pt. i. p. 580: "June 6. At Kelston, near Bath, the Rev. Dr. Wood cock, vicar of Watford, Herts, and rector of the united parishes of St. Michael, Wood-street and St. Mary Steyning, in the city of London." DANIEL HIPWELL. have strangely misunderstood my very plain query. PIN (8th S. vi. 7, 76).-Two correspondents half of ale; but I wished to know why the name I stated that a pin represented four gallons and a pin was given to that measure. This I still wish to know. J. DIXON. "SYNALL" (8th S. v. 347; vi. 17).—I am obliged to MR. ADAMs for his reply to my inquiry, but, as I have in a private letter informed him, there is no doubt as regards the correctness of the decipherment of the word synall. The manuscript volumes in which it is to be found are for the most part in very legible handwriting, and when at Madras I satisfied myself that there was no possibility of South Indian language, or in any Arabic, Persian, a misreading. The word cannot be traced in any or Hindustani lexicon. It does not appear to be of Dutch or Portuguese origin. Cheltenham. ARTHUR T. PRINGLE. CREOLE (8th S. iv. 488, 535; v. 135, 178, 277).In Mauritius-which, though it has been a British colony for nearly a century, is still practically a knowledge, but there can be little doubt that the Glasgow. GOLF (8th S. iv. 87, 178, 272, 297, 338, 378, 415, 512; v. 256, 313).-May I send a belated note on this? In Act III. of Shadwell's 'Royal Shepherdess' a "shepherd's song" begins: EXITS EXIT (8th S. v. 248, 478).—I do not think that MR. CHAS. JAS. FERET has quite understood the point of my objection to the use of exits. I fail to perceive any earthly reason why the long-continued stage directions exit and exeunt Thus all our Life long we are frolick and gay, should be supplanted by a modern verb to exit, And, instead of Court-Revels, we merrily play which your correspondent says is a recognized At Trap, and at Keels, and at Barlibreakrun, At Goff, and at Stool-ball, and when we have done English word. If it is so, I for one have not met Chorus-These Innocent Sports, we laugh, and lie down, with it. But even if it is, exit and exeunt are And to each pretty Lass we give a green gown. quite sufficiently understandable for stage purBailey also has "Goff, a sort of play at ball." poses, and it is mere affectation to alter them. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. The date of the 'Royal Shepherdess' is 1669, and the edition of Bailey which I quote is dated 1728. SHERIDAN'S RIVALS' (8th S. vi. 87).-Mr. From this it would seem that the form golf is comCox, a great and ingenious mechanician, watch-paratively modern. Wright, in his 'Provincial maker, and jeweller, resided at 103, Shoe Lane, Dictionary' (Bohn, 1857), says that golf is an old Fleet Street. His collection of mechanical curi-game with a ball and club, very fashionable at the osities, consisting of fifty-six pieces, and valued at beginning of the seventeenth century. Webster 197,500l., was exhibited in 1773 and 1774 in gives the pronunciation golf, and says the word is Spring Gardens. derived from the Danish kolf, a club or bat. Is this etymology correct? JAMES HOOPER. Norwich. The catalogue was entitled 'A Descriptive Inventory of the several exquisite and magnificent Pieces of Mechanism and Jewellery, comprised in the Schedule annexed to an Act of Parliament, made in the 13th George III., for enabling Mr. James Cox, of the City of London, Jeweller, to dispose of his Museum by way of Lottery,' London, 1774. The lottery commenced at Guildhall, May 1, 1775. A good deal of interesting matter connected with Cox's Museum will be found in 'N. & Q.,' 2nd S. iv. 32, 75; ix. 367; 3rd S. v. 305; vi. 46; ix. 91; 4th S. i. 271; 5 S. iv. 46, 92; also in the Gentleman's Magazine and Annual Register' for 1771, and Wood's 'Curiosities of Clocks and Watches,' 150-155. 71, Brecknock Road. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. "DEMI-PIQUE" (8th S. v. 447).-There is another reference to this kind of saddle, which seems to It is said of Sir Anthony Wardour, the father of have been adapted to chargers, in 'The Antiquary.' Sir Arthur, in the outbreak of 1745: He talked much, indeed, of taking the field for the rights of Scotland and Charles Stuart; but his demi-pique and an inspection of the caparisons of the figures JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. THE QUEEN'S GREAT-GRANDSON (8th S. vi. 65). "AS DRUNK AS DAVID'S SOW" (8th S. vi. 88).Since sending my query I have obtained the information I require on the subject. It is not new-It is nearly 217 years since a Duchess of York to the pages of N. & Q.,' I find; but at the time of writing I was not able to consult the back volumes. PAUL BIERLey. PIPERDAN (8th S. vi. 89).—The site of this battle, fought September 10, 1436, was, I believe, in the north of Berwickshire, within the bounds of the present parish of Cockburnspath. It is styled by the earliest Scots authority the "conflictus de Piperden" (Bower's Scotichronicon,' xvi. 25). The Extracta ex Cronicis,' p. 235, refers to it as "Bello Piperdene." I regret I have no local gave birth to a son. On Wednesday, November 7, 1677, the Princess Mary Beatrice d'Este, wife of James, Duke of York (afterwards James II.), and sister-in-law to King Charles II., was safely delivered of a prince at St. James's Palace, who was baptized the day following by the name of Charles, the king himself being godfather. Although both the parents of the royal infant were members of the Roman Catholic Church, he was baptized with all the rites and ceremonies prescribed by the Book of Common Prayer, Dr. Crew, Bishop of Durham, performing the ceremony. The nation rejoiced in his birth, as they saw in him a probable successor of Halm's 'Griseldis'; and although we cannot rank Halm's drama very highly, we must commend the edito the throne who might prove the ancestor of a long line of Protestant Stuarts. He died, how-torial labours of the professor, who gives us a lucid, scholarly introduction and very valuable notes. The ever, on Wednesday, December 12 following, play itself is elegant and mellifluous, and is, therefore, having lived exactly five weeks, and was buried well suited for Dr. Buchheim's special purpose, since it in the royal vault at Westminster the day after- is in essence a Lesedrama. Halm has departed from the wards. He was styled Duke of Cambridge, which old Griselda legend of Boccaccio, Petrarch, and Chaucer, title had been borne by three elder brothers who and has made the evil conduct of the husband the result of a wager with Arthur's Queen Ginevra. Halm's Perpredeceased him; but no patent of creation ever cival is no improvement upon the old Gualtiero, and the passed the Great Seal. names of his dramatis persona comprise a singular mixture and jumble of Knights of the Round Table, of Kenneth of Scotland, of Cedric, of Ronald, of Allan and Athelstan, of Oriane, and the drama plays chiefly in Pendennys" Castle. Halm is fortunate to have found such an editor as Dr. Buchheim, H. MURRAY LANE, Chester Herald. RAFFLING FOR BIBLES (8th S. vi. 66).-Perhaps I may be allowed to supplement your correspondent's cutting from the Standard of May 17 with another from the same paper of May 21 :— Sir, The Standard of Wednesday last contained a paragraph professing to give an account of the raffling for Bibles in the church of this parish. As a consider able number of people have written to me after seeing this in your columns, I shall be glad if you will allow me to say that the raffling does not take place upon the altar, but upon an ordinary table, which has been used for this purpose for some years, in the nave of the church. am, Sir, your obedient servant, Salisbury J. M. Price, The Vicarage, St. Ives, Hunts, May 19. Comberford, Teignmouth. W. D. OLIVER. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Georgian Folk-Tales. Translated by Marjory Wardrop. The The Annual Register for 1893. New Series. (Longmans & Co.) In saying that the Annual Register' is indispensable, all that is necessary is said. So soon as it appears the labours of the editor and journalist are diminished, and the volume, with a sigh of thankfulness and relief, is THE penultimate portion of Mr. Nimmo's noble reprint of the Waverley Novels" has now appeared, and next month will see the entire work in the hands of the public. Not all Mr. Lang's admiration for Scott can blind him to the fact that neither of the works now reprinted is worthy of the Wizard's reputation. Not all the luxury of type and the excellence of the illustrations can tempt us to reread The Surgeon's Daughter,' which alone among Scott's works has been perused by us but once. Scenes and passages in Count Robert of Paris' dwell in the memory; but the whole is dull and uninteresting. Had it been duller than it is, it would have had to be included in the series. Few of the novels have been better illus-placed within immediate reach. Each part of it is trated. The Rescue of Bertha by Hereward,' which is the frontispiece to the first volume, is a delightfully spirited design, and the following pictures are not less admirable. We have noted the appearance of each succeeding volume, and now that all but the entire series is before us we find no words of eulogy excessive. The book-lover and the connoisseur will look at no other edition. Clarendon Press Series: German Classics. Edited, with English Notes, by C. A. Buchheim.—Halm's Griseldis. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) ELEGIUS FREIHERR VON MÜNCH-BELLINGHAUSEN (18061871) was, under the nom de plume of Friedrich Halm, a prolific and popular German dramatist, best known in this country as author of the play which we call 'Ingomar.' Prof. Buchheim, who has rendered so many services to English students of German, has just issued an edition admirably done. Unlike more ambitious undertakings, also, the information supplied is wholly trustworthy-a record of fact, not a work of fiction. The obituary alone renders the student yeoman's service, and the splendid index brings within easiest reach the stores of information which the book contains. If a journalist or a politician is to have but one book, that book must be the 'Annual Register.' MR. RUNCIMAN's article on 'Musical Criticism and the Critics,' in the Fortnightly, is readable and impertinent. As an avowal of its author's opinions with regard to his predecessors and contemporaries it causes some amusement. Mr. Runciman is in favour of the new criticism, a chief function in which appears to consist of the arraignment of critics rather than musicians. For the general public the whole matter has no special interest. A much more important contribution is an essay on |