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LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 14, 1894.

CONTENT 8.-N° 133.
NOTES:-Burke's 'Landed Gentry,' 21-Wren Churches, 23
-Capital Letters-"Carefully edited," 24-The Dove in
Russia-Pickwick-Pioneer Newspaper, 25-Drought in
Winter-Palliser-Twice Buried-Races Ridden by Women
-Thomas Kirkland, M.D.-Author of Quotation-Land
Sale Custom-Island of Barbados, 26.
QUERIES:-Charles Walmesley Sir Alexander Burnes
Sojournars": "Advena"-Source of Quotation-The
Duke of York's Son-Sir John Talbot's Second Wife
Easter Sepulchres-Nelthorp, 27-"During" - Green
House, Kensington Gardens-Hedgehog's Jawbone-Ger-
man Bands-G. Samuel-Rev. E. Woodcock-Poems of
land-Helmerawe-Oxford and Cambridge - Heaving:

Richard Verstegan, 28-Norris-Military Officers in Ire

Lifting-Longevity, 29.
REPLIES:-Joan I. of Naples, 29-English Monuments in
the Crimea, 31-Title of Prince George-Small-Pox, 32-
Manchester Author-Mothers' Maiden Names-Thistle
The Gentleman's Magazine'-Extraordinary Field-The
Lion of Scotland-U as a Capital Letter, 33-Irish Song-

Blaauw (p. 156).-The first of this family is named indifferently "Gerald" and "Gerard."

Braddon (p. 209).-The names at the head of this pedigree are not connected with the others in the genealogy.

Brooke (p. 224).-"This family is a younger branch of the Brookes of Cheshire, descended from Sir Peter Brooke of Astley Hall and Mere." The pedigree claimed from this family by the late J. Ferguson, and apparently recognized by Burke, is an extremely doubtful one. Richard Brooke of Astley married Margaret Charnock, the date of whose parents' marriage was 1649. The (alleged) fourth son of Richard Brooke and Margaret Charnock, Thomas Brooke, ancestor of this family of Brooke, married in 1679, Ann Williamson. This would make Thomas Brooke's mother less than

thirty at the time of her son's marriage. Cf.

"Chacun a son goût"-Jews, Christians, and George III.
-Sir J. Armertre: Dr. Wotton, &c.-"To hang out," 34-N. & Q.,' 7th S. vi. 158.
"Putt gally"-" Necklace"-R. Haines-Dominichetti's,
Broun (p. 227).-After an elaborate pedigree of
35-University Graces-Marquis of Huntly-Portrait-
Mother of Adeliza of Louvain, 36-Post-Reformation the Brouns of Hertré, is a pedigree of "Broun of
Chancel Screens-"Antigropelos," 37-Prusias- Venice
Preserved-Smedley's 'Frank Farleigh The Mansion

House, 38-Authors Wanted, 39.
NOTES ON BOOKS-Cowper's Register Book of St. Paul,
Canterbury'-Stanning's Royalist Composition Papers -
Fishwick's List of Lancashire Wills-Earwaker's Index
of Wills at Chester'-Seccombe's 'Lives of Twelve Bad

Men'-Bell's Charles Whitehead'-Sherborn's Index to
Foraminifera '-' Dorset Records.'
Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

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Gorgiemylne and Braid," the first of whom is vaguely stated to have been a "younger son of one of the later proprietors of Hartrie." Adam Broun, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, also said to be descended from the Hartrie family, married Isobel Broun of the Gorgiemylne family, and was ancestor of the present representative of the family, who is scarcely entitled to claim to be descended from the Brouns of Hartrie without more evidence of John Broun of Gorgiemylne being really son of one of the Brouns of Hartrie.

Byrom (p. 268). Issue of second wife not named. (Cf. Grimston, p. 837.)

Clowes (p. 356).-"Samuel Clowes, Esq....... married Mary Chetham, great-granddaughter and heiress of Humphrey Chetham (who died 1653).” It is well known that Humphrey Chetham, the generous founder of the Chetham Hospital and Library in Manchester, was a bachelor.

SOME NOTES ON BURKE'S LANDED GENTRY.' It was hoped by many genealogists that when Burke's 'Landed Gentry' got into the hands of its new editors it would become a really trustworthy and scientific collection of the pedigrees of our untitled aristocracy. An examination of the new edition will certainly blast their hopes. Some of the grosser forgeries have disappeared, but there remain very many doubtful pedigrees; the ancient Clutterbuck (p. 357).-"This family......came Irish and Welsh pedigrees are treated with great to England from the Low Countries at the time of respect; many families are shown to be of Saxon or the Duke of Alva's persecutions, and was estabNorman descent from their surnames alone; ille-lished in Gloucestershire by Walter Clotherbooke, gitimate descents are treated as if legitimate, and in numberless cases descents are implied that will not bear a moment's examination. The following notes may be of interest to readers of 'N. & Q.':Astley (p. 52).-F. D. P. Astley, "grandson (by his first wife, Lady Dukinfield Daniel) of John Astley, Esq., son of Richard Astley, a physician." Mr. F. D. P. Astley was the grandson of John Astley's third wife. Lady Dukinfield Daniel was the second wife. Richard Astley was a surgeon, not a physician. Mrs. Nicholson, sister of the late Mr. Astley, is stated to have only one child. Under Nicholson (p. 1486) five children are named.

Baghot De La Bere (p. 495).-No reason is given why the Rev. John Edwards changed his name to Baghot De La Bere.

about the year 1521." Alva was born in 1508, so that, if Burke is to be trusted, he began his career of persecution at a very early age.

Cowper (p. 412).-The only "lineage" given is that the present representative is "Descended from Sir Richard Cowper, of Cowper, son of Richard Cowper, of Salop, vide Heralds' Visitation, 1568." Unfortunately this Visitation pedigree does not throw much light on the last three hundred years.

Delap (p. 498).-No explanation of Robert Dunlop being the father of Robert Delap.

De Lisle (p. 498).-The early generations of this family show an unusual succession of only sons. Is there any authentic instance of a family producing only one son in each of six successive generations?

Dunne (p. 555).-"The Dunnes, of Bircher and Gatley, are direct descendants of John Donne, Dean of St. Paul's." No attempt is made to show the precise connexion between the Dean and Philip Donne of Welsh Newton.

Flood (p. 675).-The Right Hon. Henry Flood is stated to be the son of Warden Flood, by his marriage with Miss Whiteside. Flood was illegitimate (cf. D. N. B.').

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Gillman (p. 764)." This family is of very ancient Welsh descent, the earliest records of the name of Gillman are connected with Wales, and with Cilmin Troed dhu of Glynllifon in Uwch Gwir vai in Cear-yn-Arvonshire, where he lived in the year 843, the time of Rhodri Mawr (Roderick the Great), King of all Wales. Cilmin was head of one of the fifteen Noble Tribes of North Wales, and bore arms, Argent, a man's leg couped. The records prove him the ancestor of the Gillmans of England, Ireland, and America." The next appearance of the Gillmans is in England in the fourteenth century. The "records," while supplying the Welsh ancestor, do not throw any light on the family during the intermediate five centuries. Græme (p. 803).-" This ancient family derives its lineage from Græme, who was made Governor of Scotland, and guardian to the young king, Eugene II., in 435." No proof attempted, and there is a break of nearly a thousand years before the next known member of the family.

Gronow (p. 839).-A connexion is implied between Sir Tudor ap Gronow, temp. (if he ever existed) Edward III., and the present family, whose pedigree as given by Burke goes back to the eighteenth century.

nexion there is between this Bynnie and the Binning family.

More (p. 1427).-"This is a family of great antiquity, deriving its name from the parish of More, near Bishop's Castle." Richard (or Thomas) de la More came over from Normandy, and was slain at Hastings, leaving a son "Sir Thomas de la More, who builte faire houses at Launceston, in Cornwall; Halton, in Cheshire; and More, in Shropshire, giving to the latter place his paternal name.' How can these statements be reconciled with each other?

O'Grady (p. 1519). "The Milesian family of O'Grady is one of the most ancient of co. Limerick. Dr. O'Brien......assigns Conal Eachluath, King of Munster, A.D. 366, and sixth in descent from Oilliol Olum (of the race of Heber, the eldest son of Milesius, King of Spain, who colonized Ireland), as the common ancestor of the O'Gradys and the O'Briens." The next of the family was "Donald O'Grady, who fell in battle, 1309." This is but a sample of a dozen or more ancient Milesian families.

Ormerod (p. 1537).—“Henry Mere, of Manchester, born Jan. 10, 1816......and died March 17, 1873." Mr. Ormerod was alive and well on the day of the publication of Burke.

Owen (p. 1544). "The pedigree of this family is registered in the Heralds' College from Rodri Mawr, King of all Wales." The printed pedigree starts with "Madac ap Jevan, of Caerinion, descended from Grono ap Owen, son or grandson of Howell Dda, King of South Wales," and proceeds, without the formality of dates, through several generations until it arrives at Rowland Owen, in 1611. Then four more dateless generations. William Owen, Esq., of Bettws, married in 1704, and the eldest son of that marriage himself got married two years later.

Herbert (p. 938).-It is not stated that the brothers of Mr. Herbert of Llanarth assumed the surname of Herbert in lieu of the paternal Jones. McKerrell (p. 1299).-The first seventeen lines of the family history do not refer to this family. Peareth (p. 1579).-Hercules Peareth, living Mackie (p. 1302).-"Ivie Mackie, Esq., of 1576, is stated to have been "probably a descendAuchencairn," was a munificent merchant in Man-ant" of the family of De Penreth, though there is chester, and thrice Mayor of that City.

Mayhew (p. 1366).-Of the four columns under this name, nearly three are taken up with pedigrees of Mayhew families from which this one is not descended.

Micklethwait (p. 1380).-"The family of Myklethwayt, or Micklethwait, has been seated on its own lands in the neighbourhood of Barnsley, W.R., co. York, over six centuries. The name indicates it to be of Scandinavian origin."

Molineux (p. 1404).—This family is stated to be descended from a younger son of Sir Francis Molineux, Bart., of Teversal. "Molineux of Teversal" is not found in the current 'Peerages'; but if this pedigree is accurate it should appear.

Monro (p. 1412). The pedigree of Binning under this heading begins with a legend of a "William Bynnie." It is not stated what con

no apparent reason for the guess.

Philips (p. 1606)." John Philips, Esq., of the Heath House......born 1695," cf. Philips (p. 1607), where his younger brother is stated to have been "born Feb. 15, 1693." "Robert, of The Park, Manchester,......born 1759, married 1798,......and died March 14, 1884." A hitherto unnoticed centenarian.

Prichard (p. 1654).-A delightful Welsh pedi gree, beginning with "Caradoc Vraich Vras, Earl of Hereford and Prince between Wye and Severn. He reigned from A.D. 520 to 570, and married Tegan Eurvron, daughter and sole heir of Belenaur, King of Monmouth." The family remained "princes between Wye and Severn" for eight generations; several later representatives bore the titles of "Prince of Brecon, Regulus of Radnor and Builth." The fourteenth in descent from Caradoc Vraich Vras

was one of the eight tributary princes who rowed King Edgar down the Dee. This prince married the "Princess" Chrisly ap Meyric, ap Edwal.

Smith - Carington (p. 1859). Is there any authority for connecting the Smith family with the ancient Caringtons? There does not seen any good reason why John Carington's temporary disguise of Smith should have been perpetuated by his decendants. This John Carington, alias Smith, was born 1374 and died 1446. His son, Hugh Smith, died 1485, leaving a son Sir John, died 1547. The generations are suspiciously long.

doubtedly of Anglo-Saxon origin, the surname occurring as early as 'Domesday Book' in the form of De Silva, and as De La Wode in the Hundred Rolls." Rather unstable premises from which to deduce the origin of a family. ERNEST AXON.

Heaton Moor.

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Skinner (p. 1852).-The pedigree of the author of 'Tullochgorum' is almost certainly false. Burke states that his grandfather was Robert Skinner, Bishop of Oxford. The Rev. William Walker, in his life of 'John Skinner of Linshart,' was quite THE WREN CHURCHES OF LONDON. unaware of this descent. So long a time elapsed It is much to be lamented that Bishop Tate ever between the birth (1590) of the Bishop and that took the step he hazarded on utility lines, of pull(1721) of his alleged grandson, that on that accounting down and desecrating the City churches, seeing only the pedigree might be looked on as doubtful, how large a portion of them consisted of the work and it is very unlikely that a bishop's son would of one man, and he the architect of greatest figure become a Presbyterian schoolmaster in a poor in our nation-a man of European reputation, district of Scotland. whose church in Walbrook for its interior, and whose church in Cheapside for its steeple, have brought the best constructors of the Continent to our shores to see, of their own knowledge, how those islanders in the dark Hyperborean can make living stones into temples, and temples into flowers to ornament the highways of black Babylon, and preach sermons in stones," whence Beauty, if not Wisdom, crieth aloud to the passer by in the street below. Architecture that is noble has a use appertaining to it that has perhaps never yet been sufficiently insisted on: it is the cheapest and most effective art instructor that can be devised. If there were more of such beautiful objects in our streets, schools for art culture would be largely superseded, and national improvement make rapid strides by the perpetual though unconscious play of the eye over the symmetry of exquisite forms strewn thickly in main thoroughfares. No galleries of sculpture, paintings, or engravings, however numerous, could well exercise upon the general population a tithe of the good effect that fine external street architecture must do. Nothing teaches the fitness of things like building when stamped by noble genius. Solid form ou a large scale well handled is practicalness in epitome, and the severity of ornamentation, that a consummate master reticently introduces, is a bequeathal for all time to men of sensitive apperception who meet it in their daily round. It is that kτμa és deì, as the happy Greek puts it, that possession in mortmain, that never grows old, and after the thousandth round is worshipped the more thankfully by the capable beholder.

Smythe (p. 1876).-"There is every reason to believe that the family of Smythe became settled at Hilton at a remote period; but as the Court Rolls extend only as far back as 1327, temp. Edward II., there is no documentary proof of the fact beyond a charter granted by Edward I." The actual pedigree here given begins in the last century !

Sneyd (p. 1878).—The descent of this family is shown in great detail from "Eadulf vel Eadwulf, son of Ordgar, ealdormon of the Defnsoetas." Although the family is pretended to have been a landed one, there is not a single knight between the Conquest and the sixteenth century.

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Sneyd-Kynnersley (p. 1881). This pedigree begins with a quotation from an old pedigree. According to this the Kynnersleys had Kynnardsley Castle at the time of the Conquest, they had also a surname, and the head of the family was "by title a knight (if any knights were before the Conquest)." Stevenson (p. 1921).-R. A. Stevenson married Margery Frissel (originally the name was Fraser), of Scottish and French ancestry, of whom Pierre Fraser, Seigneur de Froile, came to Scotland with the ambassadors of Charlemagne, in the year 807. Charles Fraser, an ancestor of Lord Lovat, was Thane of Mann in 814." Do the editors of Burke really suppose that surnames were used in the ninth century?

Swettenham (p. 1962). "The Swettenhams of Swettenham, always a family of high position among the Cheshire gentry, preserved a male succession from the Saxon times." The pedigree given shows that the estates have several times passed to heiresses.

Wood (p. 2260).-"According to Lower's 'Patronymica Britannica,' the Wood families are un

External architecture is, of course, for this educational purpose more available and promotive than internal developments, however fine, can be. If there were a few more things like the campaniles of St. Paul's, and the plus-quam perfection of a steeple such as that of Bow Church yields us in the stonecrop of our streets, who can doubt but that we should have many more men of aesthetic appreciation than we now possess? The cheapness of the thing, if to be had at all, is an accompanying wonder. First of all you build a something that is wanted by civi arrangement, and then, if you can find a man

genius to throw you in that mystical thing beauty, you get it actually for nothing, and it stands there for ever, as a mountain does in nature, a glory in the sun, and the sum-total of every day life.

No architect in the world has ever had such a chance of doing for a city what fell to be done by the hand of Wren. Very few could have met it with such abundant originality on such a stupendous scale. But Sir Christopher Wren was more stupendous even than ever was his opportunity. He has left behind him proof that if it had been required he could have easily thrown off three times as much work, and it is probable that it would have been still better than it is. For the variety of circumstances would have brought him new suggestion of variety, and the greater his restrictions the more were his ease of adjustment and his originality made apparent, as in St. Nicholas Cole Abbey and St. Mary Aldermary. Or take the steeple of St. Vedast Foster, and observe the facility and mastery of the geometric mason manipulating the lower story concave to the next convex or nearly circular scope, with a rigid rectilinear spire surmounting all. He bas achieved this without a discord. It is possibly the most curiously skilful steeple in the world, as Bow is the most beautiful by far. Before pulling down anything of Wren's we ought to remember that, with the exception of Inigo Jones, he is the only architect of consummate power and taste who has for the last three bundred years decorated London on any scale of importance. We should also bear in mind that all his pinnacled towers and pointed steeples, jutting up above the houses into the air, have (in each case) a special reason of their own for being where they are, a special office to perform; they are grouped and planned with infallible instinct by a master in such studies; one elicits beauty from the other, and all, as they mount in air, are meant, as they cluster round it, to embellish the mighty curvatures of cupolated Paul's. Every steeple that the Bishop's blunder takes away knocks, as it were, a hole through the sky picture carefully calculated by the consummate draughtsman with whom we have to do. This is simple madness on the part of London. We can never restore it once it is destroyed, though we should seek it with repentance and in tears. We have now no breed of architects who can lift a building into ether symmetrically, that like his shall yield an eye-culture involuntary and gratuitous. Before you pull down wait, in the name of common sense, until you at least are able to build up decently again a something else as good. Stand a little below St. Dunstan's in Fleet Street, and catch in the afternoon sun the spit of St. Martin's, Ludgate, piercing the mighty cupola behind it, till you feel, as you quickly will, that it trebles the expanse and magnitude thereof by the startling contrast. You will not then dissent from us who maintain that a crime is being done

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CAPITAL LETTERS.-There is, I think, a noticeable decrease in the use of initial capitals. This is not so marked in print as in manuscript; a large proportion of the manuscript destined for the press depending for the distribution of capitals, stopɛ, &c., upon the printer and the proof-corrector. There are, for instance, many substantives which may or may not chance to be treated as "proper nouns when set up in type: ex. gr., a Meeting, an Entertainment, the Event of the day, a Committee, a Minister, an Archangel, a Pope-the Pope, the 66 proper King are always treated as North, South, East, West not unfrequently retain their capitals when used as adjectives.

nouns.

In the delightful letters of Edward Fitzgerald a curiously large proportion of the nouns have initial capitals, and this applies no less to the later than to the earlier letters. The following passage is taken from what was probably the last letter he

wrote:

"I never see a new Picture, nor hear a note of Music except when I drum out some old Tune in Winter on an Organ which might almost be carried about the Streets with a handle to turn and a Monkey on the top of it."

The custom of giving initial capitals to all nouns substantive seems to have become pretty general towards the middle of the last century. French writers and printers vary hut little in their use of capitals, which they employ far more sparingly than we do. They give minuscules to adjectives derived from proper nouns (français, anglais, parisien, &c.); they do not, as a rule, write the names of the days of the week and of the months with capitals; and such words as les croisades, la renaissance, are not thus distinguished. Most Englishmen would write "the_ Edict of Nantes"; but I think the majority of Frenchmen would write "l'édit de Nantes." An educated Englishman rarely writes "street" in addressing a letter; but "rue de on an envelope would by no means suggest to its recipient that the writer

was illiterate.

May not the tendency to use initial capitals more and more sparingly be attributed to the increasing prominence we are giving to the study of the French language? HENRY ATTWELL.

Barnes.

"CAREFULLY EDITED."-By some accident I am the possessor of a handsome gilt-edged volume, with ornamental covers and passable illustrations, which is stated to be " 'a reprint of the original edition" of Scott's 'Border Minstrelsy.' It is, of course, needless to enlarge upon the perils besetting him that puts his trust in reprints, but it is always

relevant to investigate careful editing. This volume comes from the eminent house of Messrs. Ward, Lock & Co., and a note at the end of the table of contents states that it has "been carefully edited by Alex. Murray, 26th Dec., 1868." It is, of course, a long time since 1868, and it is possible that, in the interim, Mr. Murray and his publishers may have given fresh consideration to the work; but the fact remains that within the year this copy formed one of a fresh stock of new books, claiming distinction as one of 'Moxon's Popular Poets. And it is a handsome and attractive volume, which one would gladly take up at such odd moments as are favourable for the perusal of one of the immortal ballads. It was in this way that I thought of using my copy, and I recently began with the romance entitled (according to Scott) The Lass of Lochroyan.' An example of careful editing occurs in the alteration of the title to 'The Lass o' Lochryan,' but few of Mr. Murray's readers would be inclined to take objection to this, although it is quite unnecessary in the light of Scott's explicit introduction. Why Mr. Murray should have been careful to omit Scott's note on Dr. Wolcott, illustrative of the last sentence of the introduction, is more difficult to comprehend. In the sixth stanza, however, of the ballad itself one is brought completely to a stand. This is how the story goes according to Mr. Alex. Murray :

Syne she's gar'd, built a bonny boat,

To sail the salt, salt sea.

On turning to Scott, to see whether he could be capable of passing such nonsense, this is what we find :

Syne she's gar'd build a bonny boat,

To sail the salt, salt sea.

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'PICKWICK.'-Everything which relates Pickwick' has great attraction for many of the readers of N. & Q.' I therefore make no apology for asking you to transfer the following from the Church Times to your own pages, where it will be indexed for future use. It has been contributed to your contemporary by a gentleman who writes under the pen-name of "Peter Lombard":

"I picked up one little bit of information about 'Pickwick' which appears to be quite genuine. Strolling up Abbeygate Street in the afternoon I turned into a shop to make a small purchase, and as the keeper appeared disposed for conversation I sat down and joined in. First he told me that this was the house in which Bishop Tomline was born. Though I am not an enthusiastic admirer of that prelate, I was interested because of his connexion with Winchester, a city very dear to me, so I heard what Then he little my new acquaintance had to tell me. went on to say that his father was for some years proprietor of the Great White Horse at Ipswich. I was on

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the alert in a moment. It was there,' I said, 'that Mr. Pickwick went after Jingle, after leaving Bury.' 'It was, sir.' And it is quite clear,' I went on, that for some reason Dickens did not like the White Horse, for he slates it right and left.' Dickens,' was the reply, did his best to ruin the house, but he really made its fortune. Hundreds of people have been there to see it after reading about it. But I can tell you a curious thing about it. It was Dickens's own mistake about going into the wrong bedroom. There is a sort of triangle on the top of the That is, she has ordered (boat-builders to) build stairs, and there are two doors just alike, and he went in a bonny boat. The reading presents no difficulty where some people were in bed, and they roared out at whatever until after it has been carefully edited, him and he bolted all in confusion.' He went on to tell me and then it is as tough as an obscurity of 'Sor- that it is No. 16.' That same evening in the coffeethat the room is still called Mr. Pickwick's room, and dello.' It is possible to unravel, as a rule, the room of the Angel we met a party, one member of which tangled confusion of a bald and blundering reprint, was known to me as a literary character, and he told us but it is not always so easy to grapple with unin- that they had just come from Ipswich, and that they had telligent editing, especially when it has been been to the Great White Horse, and he had slept in Mr. Pickwick's room. 'Number sixteen?' said I. The very carefully done. Several other emendations very one,' was the answer. Of course, after that, I read throughout this ballad do not destroy the sense, to my little party that same evening the adventure with but they were uncalled for. "Ye'er" for ye're the middle-aged lady with the curl papers, and most exmay be a misprint; but "yett" for yate, "deid "hilarating was the laughter which it produced."-Church for dead, "dee" for die, and a comma for Scott's Times, April 6, p. 362. mark of exclamation need not have been introduced. Shall we say, Ab uno disce omnes; and conclude that if one ballad in this reprint presents such various notes of offence, the accumulated mass of error would be of an overwhelming character? While not unduly pressing this point, I think there is no rashness in saying that the condition in which the one ballad has been found is enough to stir an alert suspicion regarding the others. THOMAS BAYNE.

Helensburgh, N.B.

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K. P. D. E.

A PIONEER NEWSPAPER: THE NORTHAMPTON MERCURY.'

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Wednesday last was May 2nd. On May 2nd, 1720, the first number of the Northampton Mercury was pub lished, with the imprimatur of R. Raikes and W. Dicey, near All Saints' Church. Wednesday last was, therefore, the one hundred and seventy-fourth anniversary of the birth of this journal. The Northampton Mercury has happily attained an age which very few newspapers in the world can boast...... To-day begins the one hundred and seventy-fifth yearly volume of this journal, and the

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