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LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1894.

CONTENT 8.-N° 150. NOTES:-Shaftesbury in 1676-Pronunciation of "Spa," 361 -Joan of Arc-Stationers' Company in 1671-Rum, 363Colebrooke Row-Roman Pottery-Oxfordshire Broadside -Halley's Comet, 364-Hollingworth-Capt. G. FarmerSo-ho-West Indian Superstitions, 365-Dunboy CastleClerkenwell Priories-Heliacal, 366. QUERIES:-Silver Flagon-"Sea-blue bird of March Source of Extract-"Auld Kirk"-" Humby's Hotel Achon and Matas, 367-Chicago-Sir Walter de MannyA B C Tablets-Virgin and Horn-Book-S. Morland-"A blind alehouse "-Tomb of Queen Elizabeth-EngravingStatuette-George Eliot on Shelley - Menzies - Bibliography of Philately-Sir Wm. Maynard, 368-H. B. Caricatures-"House-place "-R. Newsham-Otway-Authors Wanted, 369.

REPLIES:-Joan of Naples, 369-Archbishop Thomas Valois -John Poole-Macbride, 372-Heraldic Queries-Joshua Jonathan Smith-Haggerston-Jingo"-Jamaica Pedigrees, 373-Deadlock-Portraits of Regicides-Marriage, 374-Slipshod English-Inigo Jones-" Roman Querns' "Gent" -Phenomena of Midnight Sun, 375-Plan of Monastery-Whirlwinds-Devils-Wolfe's Sword - The Lady-apple-Salads, 376-Alfred Club-Beating a Dog to frighten a Lion-Wm. Hurd, D.D.-Form of Prayer, 377Lord Lynedoch-Mary de Bohun, 378.

NOTES ON BOOKS :-Cranage's Churches of Shropshire' -Magazines- Journal of the Ex-Libris Society-Bibliographica.'

Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

SHAFTESBURY IN 1676.

At p. 221 of the second volume of his 'Life of Shaftesbury,' Mr. W. D. Christie prints a letter from Stringer to Locke, dated February 17, 1675/6, in which Stringer says, "A friend of ours is advised to go into the country, but a law suit and some other business is like to hinder it." Mr. Christie adds, "The friend who had been advised to go into the country is doubtless Shaftesbury. It is stated in Macpherson's extracts from the Duke of York's Memoirs that Shaftesbury had refused to go out of town on the king's message to him by Secretary Williamson, on hearing he was about things contrary to his service." The correctness of Mr. Christie's explanation is proved by the following account of Shaftesbury's interview with Williamson, which is taken from a volume of the Wharton papers amongst Carte's MSS. in the Bodleian Library (vol. 228 f. 101).

17 Febr. 1675.

The King yesterday sent to my Lord Shaftsbury to acquaint him that his Majesty knew more then he thought he did of what his Lordship was adoeing, and that the terme being now ended his Majesty's advice was that he should goe out of Towne, and he thought it was good advice. The message was brought by Sir Jos: Williamson who replyed nothing to what my Lord said, nor urged his message noe farther, but barely delivered it, with makeing an apology that he was a servant, and otherwise had all respects possible for him, and therefore beg'd his pardon.

That

My Lord gave him an account of severall occasions of his staying in Towne in reference to many matters of trade and adventures that way, which was well knowne to severall of the Privye Councill that he named, whoe were joyned with him therein and who of late had desired his assistance in the manageing thereof. Exeter house lay upon his hand to the value of 3000", and he was now in treaty with surveyours for altering the house se as to make some money of it. That though he thought it would not be required of him to give an account what his occasions were, yett the Secretary being his freind he troubled him with thus much of it, and assured him that he should be unwilling to leave his business in the Towne to his loss.

knew better what himselfe was doeing then the King That without presumption he tocke leave to say he could possibly know: and he verily beleived that the intelligence (or invention) about what he was doing arose from some other Minister then the Secretaryes of State, though the matter of intelligence more peculiarly belongs to them. have had their heades full of buisnesse, that it is good to That he had observed it of men who keep them soe, or else they will be filled with unsavory vapours, as springs and boggye grounds are when they are empty of water, and therefore he keeps his head as full as he can, and that he hath it in his thoughts that he may be like enough within 3 or 4 yeares to rent his Majesty's Customes, and thinkes he shall get such to joyne with him as shall tender a good securitye as any bodye, though he assured him he would not say whom soe long as this man is Treasurer.

That he was resolved he would not make himselfe a prisoner, and he knew soe much of the law, that if any bodye else made him a prisoner it was to remaine signed under their hand, and he doubted not but they should in due time answer for it.

It happened that a freind of yours was one of the first persons that saw him after this, and soe you have it pipeing hott.

[Endorsed]. Heads of discourse of my Lord Shaftsbury, with Mr. Secretary Williamson. Upon the King's sending to him to goe out of Towne, C. H. FIRTH.

THE PRONUNCIATION OF "SPA." In Prof. Skeat's Principles of English Etymology,' second series, 1891, § 124, p. 173, he says "just as spa (spaa) was called (spao), and even spelt spaw." I may here remark that his aa = a in father, and ao=a in fall. In my early days spa was commonly pronounced spaw, and even now I have just heard a lady under thirty-five call the town in Belgium "Spaw," though she had stayed there and so must have heard the name of the place pronounced by its inhabitants. The final a in other words was also, in those days, apt to be Prof. Skeat is quite right in supposing that the pronounced aw, as, e. g., in bashaw pacha; and a in éclat was sometimes pronounced in the same way, and that not only in the last century, as he says, but even in this, for I well remember some fifty years ago an old Irish lady, dating from the last century, who habitually pronounced it so, to my great amusement. An accented a, even though not final, was also sometimes so pronounced, and I am afraid that I still say vawse (=vase), and not

vayse or vahse, in one of which ways it is now almost universally pronounced. An Irish friend of mine, too, used to pronounce "tassel" tossel; and wrop (wrap) I bave certainly heard frequently in London until within the last few years, and it may, perhaps, be still used.

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Spau, and he gave me one example (which, unfortunately, I have mislaid) from an old English book-dated 1727, I believe-in which the same spelling is adopted; and, indeed, Prof. Skeat allows that the spelling Spaw is found in English books of the last century, though he evidently thinks this spelling was due to the current pronunciation, whilst perhaps the exact contrary may really have been the case. Indeed, from what I have said, it really looks as if the pronunciation of Spa with the a much as in father has been imported into that town-shall we say from "France? Bouillet says that Spa was anciently called Aqua Spadar æ, though I do not find this among the Aqua enumerated in Smith's 'Dict. of Greek and Roman Geography'; but unfortunately he does not state the origin of the adjective Spadanus. It is evident, however, that Spa must come rather from the substantive which gave rise to the adjective Spadanus than from this adjective itself. Now, if this substantive was Spadus or Spadum, the question is whether, in Walloon, either of these forms would be more likely to contract into Spau and Spo (the two admittedly genuine Walloon forms which I have shown to be still in use), or into Spa.* Comp. the change of the acc. of Padus (the river) into Po (in which the o probably comes from the au, the d having fallen out), though this is Italian, and not Walloon. That there was a d in the original name of Spa is shown, moreover, by the fact that the inhabitants of Spa are called Spadois, as my own ears can testify.

But in the case of spa there really was some excuse for the aw pronunciation. I have paid three visits to Spa in Belgium, and my stay there altogether exceeded three months. When I first went there in 1876 I was told that the inhabitants said "Spa" (more or less Prof. Skeat's Spaa) in the summer when visitors were there, and "Spo' in the winter when they were by themselves. And no doubt this was once true, when Spa was less visited than it is now. But at the present time it is "Spa" all the year round, as I learn from my friend M. Albin Body (Bibliothécaire et Archiviste de la Ville de Spa), who was born there, and has spoken Walloon and French all his life. At the same time it is quite true that Spa is pronounced differently in different parts of the Walloon-speak ing portion of Belgium. The following is the account of the matter given me in a letter by M. Body himself two or three years ago. He says, "Ici [i. e., at Spa], on dit Spa, a long ou ouvert; à Liège, on dit Spo, o long; à Verviers, on dit Spau.' As I have not, however, seen M. Body since he wrote me the above, and delicacies of pronunciation can only be conveyed orally, there is some difficulty in ascertaining precisely what he meant by his a long ou ouvert," by his "o long," and by his au. But it is possible, nevertheless, to form some approximate idea, and with this end in view I have consulted some French friends about the matter. It is pretty evident that the a (of which there would seem to be two pronunciations) is more or less like the a in father, and, indeed, my French friends (Parisians) pronounced it very much like this, except that they passed over it more rapidly, as it is not the habit of French people to dwell so heavily on their vowels as we do; they are too lively and too lighthearted for that. With regard to the "o long" and the au, they suggest that they are probably like the o in the French word pot and the au in Pau respectively. The o and the au in there words are similar in sound, but the o in pot is longer and rather less open than the au in Pau. The o is, in fact, like the o in Po (the river), as we pronounce it, or like the o in posy, but is less dwelt upon. But the au in Pau sounds quite short (in duration) in comparison with the o of posy.

66

In conclusion, I trust that I have shown, at all events, that the word spa should not hastily be classed with the other words in which a similar broad pronunciation of the a was formerly in vogue, and that there really is considerable ground for believing that this pronunciation is, from the etymological point of view, the more correct. F. CHANCE.

nunciation of Spa in different places. He may, perhaps, there are any). At any rate, in a reprint (1875) of an "have alluded more especially to Old-Walloon books (if old book entitled Les Bobelins, ou la Vie aux Eaux de Spa,' written by a Frenchman (in 172-) and published for the first time at Amsterdam in 1735, Spa is always written Spa." It is a reprint, it is true, but the old spelling is retained, and therefore the author probably wrote "Spa."

M. Body has also told me that in no old French bookt bas he ever found Spa spelt otherwise than

* The Italians pronounce it very differently, for the o is open and of very short duration.

I must not bind down M. Body to this assertion, inasmuch as I have mislaid his letter and made no note of this part of it,as I did of that which related to the pro

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The question is, Is the au of Spau and the o of Spo the result of the corruption (here the broad pronunciation) of the a of Spa, or are the au and o original ? Grandgagnage does, indeed, tell us (I. ii.) that “A long (a) prend souvent un son voisin de celui du o"; and in Forir (Dict. Liégeois-Français,' 1866) I find Spa written Spâ. But this way of writing the word gives us merely the pronunciation of Spa at Liège; it does not tell us whether (and this is what I am inquiring into) the athe a of Spadus or Spadum, contracted into Spa by the dropping of the whole of the second half of the word, or whether it represents this a modified in sound by the vowel on the other side of the d.

Sir

JOAN OF ARC: TOMB OF DE FLAVY.-There endorsement is in a different handwriting. is an interesting article on Joan of Arc, with a Richard Ford was Lord Mayor 1670 -1. note by M. Francisque Sarcey, in the June It is of interest in showing the efforts of the number of the Cosmopolitan Magazine. It may Corporation to restrain the practices of unlicensed interest some readers that M. Delhommeau printers. I may add that if it be found to belong describes, in the Ami des Monuments (No. 43, to any work in the possession of the civic authovol. viii.), the hitherto unrecognized tomb of Wil-rities or of the Stationers' Company, I am quite liam de Flavy, who delivered the Maid of Orleans willing to surrender it. to the English by closing the gates of Compiègne upon her.

In de la Tremblais's 'Picturesque Sketches of the Department of Indre' under the article "Belâbre " is the following note :

"In the year 1432 according to an historian of Charles VII. a tragic occurrence took place at the castle of Belâbre. The Sire de Flavi, who closed the gates of Compiègne on Joan of Arc, justly jealous of Blanche de Danebrugh, whom he had married for her beauty, resolved to make away with her. He ordered his servants to seize Blanche, tie her in a sack and throw her at midnight into the castle moat. She, having been warned of this design, some hours before its intended execution caused Flavi to be strangled in his bed by her lover, the bastard Aubendas. Blanche then quitted Belabre and hastened to Saumur, where she threw herself at the feet of the King who pardoned her crime."

M. Delhommeau, when on a visit to Blanc in the department of Indre, discovered, on a little island in the midst of the park of the castle of Belâbre, the tomb of the Sire de Flavy. The monument is a remarkable one, and is in good preservation; it consists of a block of calcareous stone, roughly tooled, raised on a pedestal of two step, and flanked by eight cubes of stone. It is raised on a mound formed of rough stone. The tomb is covered by a flat stone rounded on the upper surface, supported at the angles by square pillars, under which is a life-sized figure of a knight in bas-relief, the head resting on a cushion and the hands folded on the breast. On one side of the tomb is the following inscription in roman letters :

"Ci Git Nble. Chevalier Messire Guillaume de Flavy en son vivant Général Gouverneur de la Ville de Compiègne lequel trépassa au chateau de Belâbre le...... jour de......lan MCCCCXXXII. Dieu Ivi pardonne."

JNO. HEBB.

THE CITY OF LONDON AND THE STATIONERS' COMPANY IN 1371.-The following transcript of an Order of the City of London is taken from a MS. entry on a full sheet of "post" paper. The latter has apparently been abstracted from some official book, into which it has been originally secured with paste, and the upper right hand corner is numbered "27," probably from the document forming one of a series. The water-mark of the paper is a shield bearing a horn, of the form assigned to 1670 by Mr. Denne (Archeologia xii., plate 17, p. 39), so that if the MS. be a transcript of the original document, it is a contemporary one. It is possible to have been the one forwarded to the Stationers' Company, as the

Ford Maior.

27.

Jovis I die Octobris 1671 A° qz RRe Caroli Scoti Ange &c. xxiij

This Court in obedience to his Majestyes Letters of the Twenty third of August last signifying that severall Hereticall Schismaticall, Treasonous, and Seditious Bookes, Pamphletts, and Libells are printed, sold, and disperst by certaine persons who exercise the Stationers Trade and yet plead exemption from the Rules and inspection of the Station's Company And therefore requiring that all Dealers in Bookes be subjected to the Orders and Government of the said Company And that this Court take some effectuall course therein, for the preventing of these inconveniences for the future doth agree and order that all Apprentices who have served or shall serve with Masters of other Companies vsing printing binding or Selling of Bookes shall at the Expiration of their termes take their freedome of the Stationers and be admitted of that Company only, And that a list or notice be brought to this Court of such dealers in bookes as are of other Companies to the end possible and Lawfull meanes vsed for the translating of that they may be convened before this Court, and all them to the Company of Station's WAGSTAFFE.

[Endorsed] Order of the Courte of Aldermen reliteing vnto the Station's Company.

Salterton, Devon.

T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.

RUM.-It is well to leave rum alone. What fate may fall upon me in case I touch rum and contradict, however deferentially, the great authorities? To be brief, rum is intimately connected with Boston, in Massachusetts. The founders of the Puritan city did not know rum, and apparently did not know brandy. Their tra le with the West Indies made them familiar with sugar and molasses, and soon led to rum, its manufacture, and much else. The first rum distillery was established at Boston in 1653 (2 Suffolk Deeds 139), and led to many additional "stills," as they were called. Their product was called strong water; but in 1661 the Colony Records begin to use the term rum, and efforts were made to regulate both the manufacture and sale of rum. So early as 1653 the town of Boston licensed a man "to retail strong water." It was the first licence of the kind, and had reference, no doubt, to rum, most likely the rum manufactured by the distiller alluded to. It is not certain that rum was known in England so early as 1653, certainly not as a popular boverage. Prof. Skeat's quotations are later. It is certain, on the other hand, that rum was distilled and sold in Boston by 1653, and that it was called rum by 1651. I am disposed to think that the term was scattered, and possibly

But

extremity, communicates by two avenues, differently named, with the Lower-street."

This description is accompanied by a plate, which is interesting as showing the appearance of Colebrooke Row a few years previous to the occupation of Colebrooke Cottage by the Lambs. W. F. PRIDEaux.

Jaipur, Rajputana.

originated, by Boston men. They were good at such things. So early as 1633 they called any idle pastime "coasting," the earliest pastime they had being along the coast, where they went fishing, shooting and idling. Sliding down hill was called 'coasting," because the founders looked upon such things as idle and rain, though the young men and women took a different view. By 1643 the men of Massachusetts had invented the term "selectmen" to denote their principal town officers. DISCOVERY OF ROMAN POTTERY AT LINCOLN. from 1630 to 1650 the men of Boston had no dis--The following is a cutting from the Stamford tilled drink; they drank beer and wine. After John Winthrop's death, at the time when Englishmen gained a footing in the West Indies and the sugar trade, the men of Boston, Massachusetts, made rum, drank it generously, and traded it both at home and abroad. At a later stage rum became the life of the slave trade and the special enemy of the American Indian, whose glory it is that he never turned slave or servant to white men. He is a slave to rum.

C. W. ERNST.

Post of August 18 :—

"On Wednesday, while some men were making excavations for new warehouses for Mr. W. H. Henton, Roman pottery. One of the jars was nearly perfect. A ironmonger, High Bridge, Lincoln, they discovered some Gothic doorway, with complete moulded jamb, made of Lincoln stone, was also discovered."

CELER ET AUDAX.

OLD OXFORDSHIRE BROADSIDE.-There is the following mention of a broadside in the 'Antiquary,' cited as forming the gem of the collection of Jonathan Oldbuck, at Monk barns. There is no reason for supposing it fictitious, and it would be found in either the Bodleian or the libraries of any interesting to know whether copies of it are to be of the colleges at Oxford, or in the collection of any local antiquaries in that county. It is transcribed literally, both its plentiful sprinkling of capital letters and punctuation having been adhered to:

Boston, Massachusetts. P.S.-The Massachusetts legislature of 1657 prohibited the sale of strong drink to Indians, whither knoune by the name of rumme, strong waters, wine, strong beere, brandy, cidar, perry, or any other strong liquors going vnder any other name whatsoeuer" (IV., I. Mass. Rec. 289). The word rum, then, began in 1657 or earlier. Possibly an earlier instance may be discovered in Barbados. COLEBROOKE ROW, ISLINGTON.-Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt, in his book on 'Charles and Mary Lamb,' 1874, p. 205, note, remarks that the name of Lamb's abode is " properly Colnbrook Row, from Coln-brook, or the Coln-river." Colebrooke Cottage was situated on the banks of the New River, which flows through the valley of the Lea, and not through that of the Colne. Mr. Hazlitt may have been thinking of the village of Colnbrook, in Bucks, which is situated on the Colne, and derives its name from that river. Colebrooke (not Cole-Smithfield, and attested by Thomas Brown, Elizabeth brook) Row derives its name from the family of Colebrooke, who, from the time of James Colebrooke, in 1723, to that of Sir George Colebrooke, in 1791, were lords of the manor of Highbury, in an outlying portion of which the Row, with the cottage, or lodge, in which Lamb lived from 1823 to 1826, is situated.

"Strange and Wonderful News from Chipping Norton, in the County of Oxon, of certain dreadful Apparitions which were seen in the Air on the 26th of July 1610, at Half an Hour after Nine o'clock at Noon, and conof several flaming Swords, strange Motions of the Superior tinued till Eleven, in which Time was seen Appearances Orbs; with the unusual sparkling of the Stars, with their dreadful Continuations: With the Account of the Opening of the Heavens, and strange Appearances therein disclosing themselves, with several other prodigious Circumstances not heard of in any Age, to the cated in a Letter to one Mr. Colley, living in West great Amazement of the Beholders, as it was communi

Greenaway, and Anne Gutheridge, who were Spectators further satisfied of the Truth of this Relation, let them of the dreadful Apparitions: And if any one would be repair to Mr. Nightingale's at the Bear Inn, in West Smithfield, and they may be satisfied.” —‘Antiquary,' chap. iii.

An appended note at the foot of the page says, Since writing the above, I have come across the author possesses an exemplar." "Of this thrice and four times rare broadside, the following paragraph in Pugin and Brayley's 'Isling-was originally published in 1816, and the date of The 'Antiquary' ton and Pentonville,' 1819, p. 11:— the story is 1791-5, as Lord Howe's victory on the tion are alluded to in it. Fairport is most likely "Glorious First of June," and the French RevoluArbroath. There seems no doubt as to the genuineness of the broadside, but much as to the authenticity of the matters recorded.

"Colebrooke-Row.-This pleasantly situated and respectable range of buildings was erected about the year 1768, on ground belonging to the late James Colebrooke, Esq, the then owner of the manor of Highbury, and greatest landed proprietor in Islington parish. The New River flows in a placid current in front of the houses, and behind them is a nursery-ground, which was first appropriated to that use in the year 1788. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. foot-path leads from the City-road by the side of the A pleasant New River to Colebrooke-row, which, at its northern made by writers not familiar with astronomical HALLEY'S COMET.-A very common mistake

history is the confusion of the great comet of 1680 with the smaller but more famous one of 1682, which acquired the name of the great astronomer in question after its return, according to his confident prediction, seventy-six years afterwards (being first seen in Germany on Christmas Day, 1758), and was observed again in the autumn of 1835. The comet of 1680 was discovered by Kirch; in reference to it Newton first applied his principle of universal gravitation to the motions of a comet, and it is therefore sometimes called Newton's comet. It was at first thought that it might be identical with a comet seen 574 years before, and others at similar intervals; but subsequent calculations have shown that its period probably amounts to thousands of years in length, and that any previous appearances must have been before historic dates. Halley had just arrived in France when this comet appeared in November, 1680, and made observations of it at Paris in conjunction with Cassini.

In that exceedingly interesting and able book by Messrs. Abbey and Overton, 'The English Church in the Eighteenth Century,' we read, speaking of Robert Nelson (p. 27), that he "went to France with Halley, his old schoolfellow and fellow member of the Royal Society, and during their journey watched with his friend the celebrated comet which bears Halley's name." The only error in this sentence is contained in the last clause; and, as I have remarked above, the comet which bears his name is that of 1682, not because he observed it (which he did in London, though Flamsteed appears to have been the first to see it), but because he afterwards, by comparing its orbit with those of others previously observed, showed its identity with comets seen in 1531 and 1607, and confidently predicted its return in 1758 or 1759.

It is somewhat remarkable to find Mr. Glazebrook, in the excellent account of Newton contributed by him to the last (fortieth) volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography,' falling into the same mistake as Mr. Abbey, and speaking of the comet of 1680 as Halley's comet.

Blackheath.

W. T. LYNN.

information is given about the engagement between
the Quebec frigate and La Surveillante, as well as
concerning Capt. Farmer's portrait and the pictures
of the engagement. Mr. William Cory, in his
ballad upon this engagement entitled 'The Two
Captains,' has the following verse :-
'Twas the sixth day of October, seventeen hundred
ɛeventy-nine,

A year when nations ventured against us to combine,
Quebec was burnt, and Farmer slain, by us remembered
But thanks be to the French book wherein they're not
not;
forgot.

The ballad was last reprinted in 'Lyra Heroica'
(1892). Can any one tell me the name of the
French book referred to in the verse quoted above?

A. C. W.

So-HO. (See 7th S. xii. 144, 198, 253, 296.)-The origin of so-ho was discussed in N. & Q.' some years ago, but the right result was not given.

I find that the 'Century Dictionary" is also incorrect as regards this matter. It gives the etymology as from the Eng. so, adverb, and ho! an interjection.

This, however, is only the popular etymology, due to substitution of the Eng. so (which makes no sense) for an Anglo-French word which was less generally understood.

By good fortune, the exact origin of the expression is precisely recorded, on high authority. It is given in the Venery de Twety,' originally written in the time of Edward II.; printed in the 'Reliquiæ Antique,' by Halliwell and Wright, vol. i. pp. 149-154. On the last of these pages we read:

Sohow is [as] moche to say as sa-how; for because that it is short to say, we say alway so-how." This means that so-how was the English corruption of the original Anglo-French sa ho, in which the sense of sa had been lost.

The sense of sa is, practically, given more than once. One of the hunting cries is given in full as "Ho, so [for sa], amy, so, venez a couplere, sa, arere, sohow"; and again, "Sa, sa, cy, avaunt, sohow"; and the like. Sa is merely the Norman form of the Mod. French ça, which Cotgrave explains by "hither, approach, come neer." Similarly cy is for ici, here. Hence the cry means HOLLINGWORTH FAMILY.-It may be of inter-"Come hither, ho!" which makes good sense. est to this Cheshire family to know that a handsome signet ring, which is supposed to have belonged to a member of it, was bought with other things at a sale of shipwrecked property at Cuxhafen, near the mouth of the Elbe, in the early years of the present century. It bears the motto "Disce ferenda pati," with heraldic quarterings, and is in the possession of a lady whose father purchased it at the sale referred to. A. SMYTHE PALMER. South Woodford.

CAPT. GEORGE FARMER. (See 7th S. iv. 409, 473, 537; vii. 158.)-At the above references

WALTER W. SKEAT.

WEST INDIAN SUPERSTITIONS. (See 8th S. iv. 87.)-May I be allowed to supplement the note at the above reference?—

To cross where four roads meet at six or twelve

o'clock will bring misfortune.

It is most unlucky to live in a corner house. If you wish to enlarge your house, never do so lengthwise; if you do a member of your family will die.

If you break a bottle of olive oil you will have misfortune for seven years; also if you kill a cat.

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