many years in the neighbourhood, and has had much to do with its development as London-is John Braithwaite, mechanical engineer, one of the first successful constructors of the diving-bell. By its means in 1783 he rescued from the Royal George, sunk at Spithead the preceding year, many of her guns and the sheet-anchor; and in 1788 recovered dollars to the value of 38,000l. from the wreck of the Hartwell, lost off Boavista, One of the Cape Verd Islands. Braithwaite died in June, 1810, at the Manor House, which for many years after was occupied by his son, another John Braithwaite, who, originally distinguished, like his father, as a mechanist (and as the constructor of "the Novelty," one of the first locomotives), became a civil engineer, when the making of railways gave rise to that profession. The Eastern Counties, now the Great Eastern, was his principal work. The second Braithwaite appears to have vacated the Manor House about 1840, and was soon after succeeded there by William Charles Carbonell, of the firm of wine merchants then and now located in Regent Street. Mr. Carbonell did much towards the improvement of his residence, and gave it up in 1854. The last tenant was John Humphreys, the coroner for East Middlesex; he lived here twelve years, and the Manor House, which holds its place on the Post Office Directory Map of 1866, is in that of 1867 expunged; the great wave of London had swept it away. stones of the building itself, the street front of the fine work of Inigo Jones at Whitehall. Genius recognized, and the master chimney-sweeper compensated for the loss of his apprentice, the boy was educated, sent to Italy to study, and on his return employed and introduced by his patron as an architect. He was eminently successful, and when employed by the Earl of Chesterfield to build his splendid mansion-yet existing in May Fairwas allowed to appropriate certain materials, which he transported to Westbourne Green, and used there in the house destined for himself. Westbourne Place appears to have been built near an old "messuage" of the same name, shown by Lysons to have existed in the reign of Henry VIII. (see Robins's 'Paddington,' p. 35). Ware died Jan. 5, 1766. His successor was Sir William Yorke, Bart., a distinguished lawyer, who became Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, Ireland. He let the house for a short time to the Venetian Ambassador (we have not the name of His Excelleacy), and in 1768 sold the property to Jukes Coulson, iron merchant and eminent anchorsmith," of Thames Street, who, as I have said (8th S. v. 354), spent much money on the house and grounds. Coulson died at the beginning of the century, and the next owner of Westbourne Place was Samuel Pepys Cockerell, an architect of considerable practice and surveyor to the East India Company. His name came to him through his mother, the daughter of John Jackson, nephew and heir of Samuel Pepys, the writer of the famous architect and author, who died in 1863, and was deemed worthy of sepulture beside Wren in St. Paul's, was a younger son of the above, and probably spent his boyhood here. S. P. Cockerell died July 12, 1827, and a year or two later the mansion was occupied, as I have shown (8th S. v. 453), by General Lord Hill, the hero of Almaraz and Waterloo. I will, if allowed, conclude my notes on Westbourne Green by enumerating collectively the principal persons associated with its history. Con-Diary.' Charles Robert Cockerell, the eminent sidering its small extent and seclusion before absorption by London, the list is not a scant one, and it is certainly a witness to the former beauty and salubrity of the place which attracted so many notable people here to seek pleasant retirement. In the Universal Magazine of a hundred years since (September, 1793), the green is described as one of those beautiful rural spots for which Paddington was distinguished; the rising ground Leaving Westbourne Place and proceeding tocommanded pleasant views of Hampstead, High-wards the country, at Desborough Lodge some time gate, and "the village of Paddington," and "as no resided Charles Kemble with his talented wife and part of London could be seen, a person disposed to children, John Mitchell Kemble, the distinguished enjoy the pleasures of rural retirement might here Anglo-Saxon scholar, Fanny Kemble (Mrs. Pierce forget his proximity to the busy hum of men." Butler), and Adelaide Kemble (Mrs. Sartoris). Hughson, however, quoting this in 1809, includes Fifty yards further up the hill was found Westin the prospect "the distant city," which had pro- bourne Farm, afterwards Desborough House, for gressed westward. The article in the magazine is twelve years the home of Mrs. Siddons, and twentyaccompanied by a view of Westbourne Place. eight years later of Charles James Mathews and Lucia Elizabeth Vestris. Then, crossing the canal, was reached the Manor House associated with the Braithwaites, father and son, both great engineers. To these may be added the Marquis of Buckingham, George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, a prominent politician of his time, and twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who is said in the article of the Universal Magazine above quoted to have at that period (1793) occasionally occupied a farmhouse Isaac Ware, the builder of Westbourne Place, was eminent as an architect and as an exponent of Palladio, whose works he edited in English. His career had an interesting, though perhaps not uncommon origin; the story is related in Nollekens and his Times,' by J. T. Smith, 1828. A thin, sickly little chimney-sweeper was one morning observed by a gentleman of taste and fortune drawing with a piece of chalk, on the basement close to Mr. Coulson's mansion. Could this have been Westbourne Farm; or was there another house a little to the south of Westbourne Place? If, indeed, the "cottage" which later Mrs. Siddons found necessary to enlarge, the master of Stowe must have experienced but narrow accommodation in his quarters at Westbourne Green. Thus the list is no mean record, comprehending as it does Isaac Ware, Sir William Yorke, the Venetian Ambassador, Jukes Coulson, the two Cockerells, Lord Hill, the Kembles, Mrs. Siddons, Charles James Mathews, Madame Vestris, the two Braithwaites, and the Marquis of Buckingham. Tradition, moreover, claims as sometime residents at Westbourne Green, Ben Jonson, General Ireton, General Desborough (to whom in previous mention I did not give full rank), and Giulia Grisi, of Italian Opera fame, which gifted lady is reported to have at one time occupied the cottage formerly Mrs. Siddons's. W. L. RUTTON. I see the jewel best enamelled Will lose his beauty; yet the gold bides still That others touch, and often touching will Wear gold away; so man that hath a name By falsehood and corruption doth it shame: Since that my beauty cannot please his eye, I'll weep what's left away, and weeping die. Under the metaphor of the jewel is Adriana alluding to her husband or to herself? She says above that a look of his would soon restore her beauty; and it may be her meaning is that she is the jewel that has lost its enamel, yet the gold (herself) remains; but as often touching gold wears even it away, so her husband's treatment of her will wear her down to the grave. In this case, II. 112, 113 would be a parenthesis. Her emotion increases towards the end of the scene, which would lead to her thoughts being expressed somewhat disjointedly. Is the Henry Irving edition correct in taking “jewel enamelled to be a piece of enamelled substance in a gold setting, and not an ornament of gold overlaid with some delicate ornamentation? In Mr. Boyle's 'County of Durham' (p. 310) it is quoted that Edward II., visiting Durham, offered at St. Cuthbert's shrine an ouch of gold enamelled, worth 20s." This seems to describe an ouch covered with enamel, for the other ouches offered by the king, all of which bore stones, are described as having the stone in the middle, an ouch of gold with a sapphire in the middle, worth 15s." IV. i. 21.—As this expression still remains a puzzle, and as it is better to have a poor interpretation of a passage than none at all, I venture to suggest that there is a play on the word pound intended, and that the line should read: Ay, buy a thousand pounds a year; ay, buy a rope. The mention of a rope may bring to Dromio's remembrance the beatings that he is constantly receiving, and he may think that when the rope is bought he is sure to get a taste of it for his wages (iv. 30-40). He therefore rubs his shoulder as he departs, and mutters the words to himself. The objection to this explanation is that there is no substantive corresponding to the verb pound= to beat. "A thousand pound was a common expression, and it may be that it is a slip of the pen for "a thousand marks"-the mark being often mentioned in this comedy, but the pound never, except in this instance. In any case it looks as if "I" should be printed ay.. IV. iii. 25. them a sob and 'rests them." "The man, sir, that, when gentlemen are tired, gives The Folio has "sob," which is similar in MS. Of to "fob," but neither of the words makes any there was a pun intended (cf. 'Romeo,' II. iv. 35) sense of the passage. As it is very likely that it is possible that "form" has been changed to "fob," either in transcribing (through "fobbe"), or through the word having been imperfectly heard, "gives them a form and rests them." course, this conjecture implies that in Shakespeare's time a warrant was produced when an arrest for "overrunning the constable" was made, or, if not a warrant, a document containing a statement of the amount of debt due. I have not noticed that Shakespeare uses form" elsewhere in the sense of document, but it is so used in Marlowe's 'Edward II.': Lancaster. Here is the form of Gaveston's exile; May it please your lordship to subscribe your name. Archbishop. Give me the paper. Act I. sc. iv. IV. iii. 13.-Dromio would be astonished to find his master unattended by the sergeant, so it is probable that his question should read, "Where have you got the picture," &c. G. JOICEY. 'Two GENTLEMEN OF VERONA,' II. iii. 30."Now come I to my mother: Oh that she could speak now like a would-woman."-First Folio. The Globe, following Theobald, substitutes "wood" for "would"; but why should Launce wish that the shoe (which, as representing his mother, he speaks of as "she") could speak like a mad woman? A far slighter change in the original text gives a far more appropriate meaning. I think we should read, "Oh that she could speak now like as would woman." No doubt the ex pression is colloquial. It is all the fitter for the meet," upon which Lilith went over to the enemy, mouth of Launce. II. iv. 196. Is it mine, or Valentine's praise? It is strange that this manifestly defective line should persistently hold its place in the text, when the cause of misprint is so obvious, and the emendation so simple. Most certainly, as I think, we should read:- Is it mine eyne, or Valentinus' praise? "Eyne" has been lost through absorption by the cognate. The full form Valentinus," here necessary to complete the verse, occurs elsewhere in the play at I. iii. 68,— With Valentinus in the emperor's court. Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B. O thou caitiff! O thou varlet ! It is Elbow, the “ Shakespeare is generally rough on constables, and Elbow is a veritable Mrs. Malaprop all through the play, and especially in this scene. before Angelo, "two notorious benefactors, precise He brings villains, void of all profanation in the world that good Christians ought to have." His wicked "Hannibal" is malaprop for "cannibal," and is so explained in my old Shakespeare. Inquiring for any other interpretation of the term is something like inquiring whether the Nurse's husband in Romeo and Juliet had been really a "6 merry man or not. Temple, "" J. STANDISH HALY. "THE DEVIL AND HIS DAM" (8th S. iv. 442; v. 442).-Under the heading 'Devil beats his Wife' some instructive articles may be found 4th S. vi. 25, 400; vii. 273, 356. To my thinking there can be no doubt that originally "dam," in the phrase cited above, meant wife, and not mother. When hoary tradition was lost sight of, and the current meaning of "dam," only, remembered by writers, the other signification may have been attached to it. According to some, Satan had four wives-Lilith, Lamech's daughter Naama, Igereth and Machalath. Lilith is best known to us. She is said to have been the first wife of Adam, simultaneously created; but her temper was such that the grand forefather could not put up with her, and Eve was given him as "an help whom she sorely tried. She had 480 troops of devils under her control. Touching the Devil's mother, there is an old French saying, Où le diable ne peut aller, Sa mère tasche d'y mander. The comparison "moucher la chandelle comme le diable moucha sa mère" has reference to a man named Le Diable, who, on the point of being in the farewell kiss, to mark his sense of the bad executed for his crimes, bit off his mother's nose training she had given him. ST. SWITHIN. Shakspeare mentions the devil and his dam many times. In 'Titus Andronicus' Aaron calls Tamora the devil's dam, because she is the mother of a black child. In 'King John' Constance Being as like says: As rain to water or devil to his dam. old London now passing away. My letter does side perished, and with it the churches of All- December 11, 1877. DEAR SIR,-On repairing the ball of the vane of Bow Church we find the name of Tegg on it. Supposing might like to see it; if so, please call at our works by 11 this to have been written by your father, we thought you o'clock in the morning, as we are going to gild to-morrow. Yours, &c., PROCTER & Co. Turnagain Lane, Farringdon Street. and report upon the state of the spire. It was In 1819 a committee was appointed to inquire found to be so bad that George Gwilt, Esq., architect, was commissioned to undertake its rebuilding. The late Mr. Tegg was on the committee, and no doubt, upon the completion of the work, he being a very active member and churchwarden, his name was placed on the ball. I may say the dragon measures 8 ft. 8 in. in length, the height of the church, with spire, 235 ft. Sir C. Wren provided in building the belfry for twelve bells, but only eight were furnished during his lifetime, four being added from time to time, the last two treble bells in 1881. Old Stow records that they set up this rhyme : Clarke of Bow Bells with the yellow lockes, For the late ringing, thy head shall have knocks. To which the clerk humbly replied, Children of Cheape, hold you all still. ARCHIEPISCOPAL ENGLISH.-The "Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving" used on the first of this month in Church of England places of worship in celebration of the birth of a prince who is probably destined to become our king, is so remarkable a specimen of the Queen's English that I wonder its phraselogy has called forth no comment. Surely "Christianly trained," if English, is clumsy English. In " Quicken in us all dutiful affections to our Sovereign Lady the Queen," the "all" is somewhat ambiguous. The phrase "Make her Royal House true lovers of thy people" may be The For you shall have the Bow Bells rung at your wil'. grammatical, but it is hardly felicitous. If my memory serves me, the dragon of Bow hypercritical will see other blemishes in this short Church and the grasshopper of the Royal Exchange composition; e. g., while "Son" (i. e., the infant were also in Messrs. Procter's yard, both under-prince) has a capital initial letter, "thee" and ແ thou," addressed to God, have small initials. going repairs caused by the storm in 1877. One of Mother Shipton's prophecies states "that when Such a document as this "Form" cannot be the dragon of Bow Church and the grasshopper of classed with such ephemeral compositions as the Exchange shall meet the London streets would prayers written for occasional services, for the be deluged with blood." The old lady here is a &c. It is historical, and should have been written laying of foundation stones, the launching of ships, in pure and simple language. I submit that it is not such an example of the English of our day as deserves to be handed down to posterity. little out. House No. 2, Bow Lane.-This house, formerly two, was left to the rector and churchwardens by the will of John Don, dated in 1479, and proved in the Court of Hustings, for the maintenance of Bow bells, which, after the death of a person therein named, testator directed to be rung nightly at 9 P.M. Those who know Bow Church will have noticed the balcony under the clock. That balcony carries with it one of the most pleasing reminiscences of London pageantry. On all Lord Mayors' days and those of civic processions this was the position of honour for royalty to view them from. During the alterations in the interior of St. Maryle-Bow Church, Aug. 21, 1878, the workmen came across five coffins in the centre aisle. Mr. Smith and myself, churchwardens of St. Pancras Soper Lane, proceeded to the church, and after inspecting the coffins, ordered them to be carefully removed and placed in the crypt. One coffin being all broken, we ordered the remains to be gathered up and placed in another coffin, putting the plates with the inscriptions outside. The following are the inscriptions on four of the coffins : Mr. Anthony Harrison William Charles Bird Barnes. HENRY ATTWELL. WILLIAM DAY, BISHOP OF WINCHESTER. -All the biographers of this prelate appear to have been unaware of the fact that on Aug. 29, 1569, he was instituted to the rectory of Lavenham, in Suffolk, on the presentation of the queen. Canon Venables, in his memoir of Day in the 'Dictionary of National Biography,' has omitted to mention that the bishop was the author of "Narratio de Festivitate D. Georgii in reginali Palatio Westmonasteriensi per Reginam Elizabetham Ordinis ejusdem Divi supremam, Commilitonesque plures, die 22 mensis Aprilis, anno regni sui 26 [1584] celebrata." In Harleian MS. 304, f. 144. THOMPSON COOPER, F.S.A. JEWS AND PLACE-NAMES. -Several Jewish derive their surnames from localities abroad, such families in England, mostly of foreign extraction, as Berlin, Emden, Frankfort, Hamburg, &c. Frequently an er is added, as in Berliner, Hamburger, and such like. English towns and cities are almost unknown. London as a surname is common enough, but is foreign in this respect. Some early ancestor resided there once, but quitted the capital, proceeding abroad, dropping his ordinary name, and substituting his old home. His descendants retained the appellation in their native place, and continued to use it on their arrival in this country. In our national records- miserable world." "Ay, it's a varsal world," those that relate to events occurring in England be- has been the reply in answer to the announcement fore the expulsion of the Jews in 1290-numerous of some disagreeable tidings. place-names are mentioned. I have noted Abraham Dorking, Bonenfant Sagmoor (Sedgemoor), Isaac Polet and Pulet (Oxon.), Isaac Suwerk (Southwark), Jacob Burlingham, Vives Grenefield, and others. M. D. DAVIS. his work on AGES OF ANIMALS.-The founder of 'N. & Q.' did a great service to his fellow creatures when by "The Longevity of Man' he showed the baselessness of many of the well-known stories regarding very old men and women. It is much to be desired that some one would give us in similarly popular form an account of what is really known as to the ages attained by some of the higher animals. I am led to make this remark by having come upon the following passage relating to the age of the horse : “M. Pessina computes the natural age of the horse at thirty. We have several instances in this country of horses living to beyond forty; and Mr. Percival produces the well-authenticated one of the Mersey and Irwell Navigation horse that died at sixty-six."-Sporting Magazine, 1829, vol. xxiii. New Series, p. 217. I do not know who the Mr. Percival was who is here quoted. It would be interesting to ascertain in what the testimony consisted which he regarded as authentic. K. P. D. E. VANISHING LONDON. "Another relic of old London is about to be handed over to the housebreakers.' The Goose and Gridiron, a tavern to London House Yard, rich with old-world associations, is coming down to make room for some modern structure. It was in this hostelry that the workmen received their wages during the rebuilding of St. Paul's Cathedral, and here it was that the St. Paul's Freemasons' Lodge, of which Sir Christopher Wren was master for thirteen years, held its meetings. Before it became the Goose and Gridiron the house was known as the Mitre, and was the first music house in London. Robert Herbert, who was sworn servant to His Majesty,' kept the house prior to 1664, when he entertained his visitors with good liquor and music, as well as with a curious museum of natural rarites collected with great industrie, cost, and thirty years' travel into foreign countries.' Among the treasures belonging to the old Goose and Gridiron are three beautifully carved mahogany candlesticks given by Sir Christopher Wren, together with the trowel and mallet used by him in laying the first stone of the cathedral in 1675."—Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, June 2. Wolsingham, co. Durham. JOSEPH COLLINSON. "VARSAL WORLD."-These words are, I dare say, familiar to most of your readers as having been used by the Nurse in 'Romeo and Juliet,' II. iv., when she remarks, with respect to Juliet's not favouring the suit of Paris, "But I'll warrant you, when I say so, she looks as pale as any clout in the versal world." I have heard the expression used in Lincolnshire, but as equivalent to "a F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. ANIMALS EMPLOYED AS THIEVES AND BURGLARS. (See 8th S. v. 366.)-MR. WALLER'S note on Poe prompts me to inquire what animals have been employed in fiction or in fact as thieves or burglars. MR. WALLER, in his note, seems to show that the employment of a baboon in the capacity of a thief actually occurred in 1834; but I doubt the correctness of the statement that the baboon had been taught to "burgle." In 'The Lenton Croft Robberies,' investigated by Martin Hewitt, in the Strand Magazine for March last (pp. 308-321), the agent of the robbery is disparrot" belonging to the secreThe jackdaw of Rheims tary of Sir James Norris. has earned a world-wide reputation, and moreover points a moral in the shape of the adornment of a bedraggled tail. The number of animals capable of being so employed is, I imagine, very limited; but the subject is one of some interest. A. C. W. covered to be a ST. SWITHUN.-The spelling of this saint's name is inquired after, under another heading, in N. & Q.,' ante, p. 15. The A.-S. spelling was "Swith-hun," as in Elfric; for the obvious reason that it was compounded of swith (strong) and hun (savage). One h was dropped (like the one t in eightth) because it looked odd. The spelling "Swithin" arose from loss of the etymology and indistinctness of speech; it has nothing to recommend it except that it is much in vogue. WALTER W. SKEAT. EARLY MILLINER'S BILL.-The following is a cutting from the Evening Post (Jersey) of February 27: "The earliest specimen of a milliner's bill has just been discovered on a chalk tablet at Nippur, in Chaldea. The inscription enumerates 92 robes and tunics, 14 of which were perfumed with myrrh, aloes, and cassia. The date of this curious relic of antiquity cannot be later than 2,800 years before the Christian era.' CELER ET AUDAX. HANDSHAKING.-An incident in the assassination of President Carnot illustrates in a curious way the significance of the custom of handsbaking, now so greatly fallen into abuse. Originally a ceremonial token of confident friendship-or, at least, friendliness-the clasp of the right hand has become degraded by incessant use in canvassing and other democratic proceedings. By the intensely tragic circumstance at Lyons we are suddenly reminded of the true nature of the pledge, namely, that when two persons meet, each surrenders his right hand (the weapon wielder) into the grasp of the other's right hand, thereby giving practical and physical surety of amity. President Carnot allowed every one of the |