dom of Spain lost all that was left of the rich colonies she had once possessed in the American continents and islands, by this treaty the United States, hardly a century before only a colony itself, became the mother of colonies and a not-to-be-despised factor in the affairs of the Far East, where the Great Powers of Europe were with jealous eyes watching one another's efforts to gain new lands, new wealth, new power.

It was not, however, without some opposition, both external and internal, that the United States assumed control of the Philippines. The senate delayed ratifying the treaty until February 6, 1899, the vote then being fifty-seven to twenty-seven, barely over the two-thirds vote required.

That the needed votes were gained then was due to the fact that the Filipinos the day before had attacked the American troops at Manila in a vain effort to establish themselves as rulers of Manila. The line of battle extended for seventeen miles around the city, and several scores of American troops were killed and many more wounded, but the Filipinos were decisively routed, with losses in killed, wounded, and prisoners, aggregating thousands.

Appendix

THE TREATY OF PEACE WITH

SPAIN

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN REGENT OF SPAIN, IN THE NAME OF HER AUGUST SON, DON ALFONSO XIII., desiring to end the state of war now existing between the two countries, have for that purpose appointed as plenipotentiaries :

THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,

William R. Day, Cushman K. Davis, William P. Frye, George Gray, and Whitelaw Reid, citizens of the United States;

AND HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN REGENT OF SPAIN,

Don Eugenio Montero Rios, President of the Senate; Don Buenaventura de Abarzuza, Senator of the Kingdom and ex-Minister of the Crown; Don José de Garnica, Deputy to the Cortes and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; Don Wenceslao Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Brussels; and Don Rafael Cerero, General of Division;

Who, having assembled in Paris, and having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in due and proper form, have, after discussion of the matters before them, agreed upon the following articles :

ARTICLE I

Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba.

And as the island is, upon its evacuation by Spain, to be occupied by the United States, the United States will, so long as such occupation shall last, assume and discharge the obligations that may under international law result from the fact of its occupation, for the protection of life and property.

ARTICLE II

Spain cedes to the United States the island of Porto Rico and other islands now under Spanish sovereignty in the West Indies and the island of Guam in the Marianas or Ladrones.

ARTICLE III

Spain cedes to the United States the archipelago known as the Philippine Islands, and comprehending the islands lying within the following line:

A line running from west to east along or near the twentieth parallel of north latitude, and through the middle of the navigable channel of Bachi, from the

one hundred and eighteenth (118th) to the one hundred and twenty-seventh (127th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich, thence along the one hundred and twenty-seventh (127th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich to the parallel of four degrees and forty-five minutes (4° 45′) north latitude, thence along the parallel of four degrees and forty-five minutes (4° 45′) north latitude to its intersection with the meridian of longitude one hundred and nineteen degrees and thirty-five minutes (119° 35') east of Greenwich, thence along the meridian of longitude one hundred and nineteen degrees and thirty-five minutes (119° 35') east of Greenwich, to the parallel of latitude seven degrees and forty minutes (7° 40') north, thence along the parallel of latitude seven degrees and forty minutes (7° 40′) north to its intersection with the one hundred and sixteenth (116th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich, thence by a direct line to the intersection of the tenth (10th) degree parallel of north latitude with the one hundred and eighteenth (118th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich, and thence along the one hundred and eighteenth (118th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich to the point of beginning.

The United States will pay to Spain the sum of twenty million dollars ($20,000,000) within three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty.