partment that coating rice in this way protects it in any manner from dust. Evidence of an expert character is also on file in the department showing that unpolished rice is no more subject to the ravages of the weevil than the polished article.

"It is the opinion of the department that no coating of any kind can be used in the manner indicated if the product "be mixed, colored, powdered, coated, or stained in a manner whereby damage or inferiority is concealed." In each case whether or not such a result be secured is a question of fact to be decided by the evidence.

"It is held by the department that rice treated in the manner indicated above with glucose and starch should be labeled in all cases with the name of the extraneous substances, as 'Coated with Glucose and Starch.'

"In such declarations all of the food substances used for coating should be mentioned. Any coloring matter or other substances that may be employed to change the tint of the rice should be declared on the label.

"The question of the wholesomeness of paraffin, talc, or other nonfood substances used is to be construed in such a way as to protect the health of those most susceptible to their influences. Rice is a diet often prescribed for those suffering from impaired digestion. The use of paraffin in such cases is at least of questionable propriety, and in the opinion of the department it should be excluded from food products. Under the fifth provision of foods, section 7 of the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906, and under regulation 14 the use of tale is permitted, provided that each package is plainly labeled with the name of this preservative and the proper directions for removal be given."1

§ 198. Rococola.

To sell rococola, a soft drink containing caffeine and cocaine, is forbidden by the statute.1

1 Composition, Leach, Food Inspection 272.

1 N. J. 466.

"At the request of the Secretary of Agriculture, the Referee Board of Consulting Scientific Experts has conducted an investigation as to the effect on health of the use of saccharin. The investigation has been concluded, and the Referee Board reports that the continued use of saccharin for a long time in quantities over three-tenths of a gram per day is liable to impair digestion; and that the addition of saccharin as a substitute for cane sugar or other forms of sugar reduces the food value of the sweetened product and hence lowers its quality.

"Saccharin has been used as a substitute for sugar in over thirty classes of foods in which sugar is commonly recognized as a normal and valuable ingredient. If the use of saccharin be continued it is evident that amounts of saccharin may readily be consumed which will, through continual use, produce digestive disturbances. In every food in which saccharin is used, some other sweetening agent known to be harmless to health can be substituted, and there is not even a pretense that saccharin is a necessity in the manufacture of food products. Under the Food and Drugs Act articles of food are adulterated if they contain added poisonous or other added deleterious ingredients which may render them injurious to health. Articles of food are also adulterated within the meaning of the Act, if substances have been mixed and packed with the foods so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect their quality or strength. The findings of the Referee Board show that saccharin in food is such an added poisonous or other added deleterious ingredient as is contemplated by the Act, and also that the substitution of saccharin for sugar in foods reduces and lowers their quality.

"The Secretary of Agriculture, therefore, will regard as adulterated under the Food and Drugs Act foods containing saccharin which, on and after July 1, 1911, are manufactured or offered for sale in the District of Columbia or the Territories, or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or offered for importation into the United States.1

1 F. I. D. 135. Subsequently the date was extended to January 1, 1912. F. I. D. 138. See also Bul

letin No. 19 of South Dakota. Detection, Leach, Food Inspection 843, 844.

§ 200. Sago and Tapioca.

"It has come to the attention of the Board of Food and Drug Inspection that there exists among the trade in various parts of the United States a very general misunderstanding with respect to sago and small pearl tapioca. Sago is prepared from the starch obtained from the pith found in the stem of several species of palm trees, natives of the East Indies, and tapioca is prepared by heating in a moist state the starch made from the root of the cassava or tapioca plant, which is indigenous to certain South American countries. Both products ordinarily reach the consumer in granulated form and are designated as 'pearl sago' and 'pearl tapioca,' respectively. While 'pearl sago' and 'pearl tapioca' are separate and distinct articles of commerce, each resembles the other closely in appearance, and fine pearl tapioca frequently has been labeled and sold as sago.

"Under the Food and Drugs Act of June 30, 1906, articles of food are misbranded if the labels or packages contain statements which are false and misleading, or if particular articles are imitations of or offered for sale under the distinctive names of other articles. In the opinion of the Board the name 'sago,' or 'pearl sago,' without qualifications, means the product obtained from the pith of East Indian palm trees, and starch products of different origin will be held to be misbranded under the Act if labeled or offered for sale as 'sago,' 'pearl sago,' etc. The prepared starch product derived from the root of the cassava plant is tapioca, and should be sold and labeled as such.

There is also on the market an imitation sago made from potato starch. Imitation food products are misbranded under the Act unless they are labeled so as to indicate plainly that they are imitation products and unless the word 'imitation' is also plainly stated on the packages in which imitation products are offered for sale. Potato or other starch prepared to resemble pearl sago, therefore, should be labeled, for example, 'Imitation sago. Made from potato starch,' the words 'Imitation' and 'Made from potato starch' being declared as plainly and conspicuously as the word 'sago.'

The word 'imitation' must appear on the label, but an equivalent expression may be substituted for 'Made from potato starch,' which will indicate unmistakably that the product is not made from the pith of East Indian palm trees, but is derived from a different source.""

§201. Salts of Tin.

"The attention of the board has been directed to canned goods which contain salts of tin derived from the solvent action of the contents of the package upon the tin coating. Pending further investigations on this question all canned goods which are prepared prior to January 1, 1911, will be permitted to enter and pass into interstate commerce without detention or restriction in so far as their content of tin salts is concerned. All foods which are canned subsequently to January 1, 1911, will be permitted importation and interstate commerce if they do not contain more than 300 milligrams of tin per kilogram, or salts of tin equivalent thereto. When an amount of tin, or an equivalent amount of salts of tin, is greater than 300 milligrams per kilogram, entry of such canned goods packed subsequently to January 1, 1911, will be refused, and if found in interstate commerce proper action will be taken.

"It is the opinion of the board that the trade will experience little hardship in adjusting itself to this condition, as the results of examinations made by the Bureau of Chemistry of various types of canned goods indicate that in a very large majority of cases inconsiderable quantities of tin are found, well within the limit herein set.""

§ 202. Shellac and Other Gums for Coating Chocolates and Other Confections.

"The Board of Food and Drug Inspection has carefully considered the evidence respecting the practice of coating chocolates and other confections with shellac and other gums. The board is of the opinion that it is not a proper proceed

1 F. I. D. 128. Wiley, Food Adulteration 320; Leach, Food Inspection 283.

1 N. J. 126.

ing under the provisions of the Food and Drugs Act. It is evident that such coating will not only conceal inferiority, but it appears further that as a rule the gums are dissolved in alcohol. One man in giving evidence before the board. stated that in his opinion there was no objection to wood alcohol as a solvent. In dipping confections into an alcoholic solution of a gum a certain quantity of alcohol must necessarily permeate the product. Evidence is adduced showing that the product is not submitted to any subsequent process of heating whereby the traces of alcohol could be removed. Although only mere traces of alcohol may remain, the addition of these substances, and especially of wood alcohol, to a confection is specifically prohibited by the Act. Evidence is also in the possession of the board to show that a large number of the manufacturers either never have employed this method or have discontinued it, and that goods can be, and are, made and sold in all quantities with no difficulty without the use of shellac or other gums. Evidence further shows that one of the reasons for adding the coating is that the goods may be held for a longer time. The exposure of confections for a long while before use is not advisable nor desirable.""

§ 202a. Soda Water Syrup Cola.

A product called "Soda Water Syrup Cola" contained, among other ingredients, coca leaf alkaloids, including cocaine and a minute quantity of caffein. It was held to be adulterated.1

§ 203. Stock Feed.

A stock food having for its basis oats, but which contains 15 percent more of oat hulls than should be normally and 5 percent of weed seeds, is adulterated.1 Weed seeds and chaff mixed with stock food are adulterants.2

1 F. I. D. 119.

1 N. J. 1031.

1 N. J. 533; N. J. 477 (rice hulls and alfalfa); N. J. 468 (oat hulls); N. J. 256 (rice hulls); N. J. 230.

2 N. J. 432; N. J. 231 (rice hulls mixed with bran); N. J. 171; N. J. 174. Musty, decomposed and moldy alfalfa hay has been seized. N. J. 902.