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14 ment, in Hebrew Gabbatha.* (Now it was the preparationt of the paschal Sabbath, about the sixth hour.) And he said 15 to the Jews: Behold your king. But they cried out: Away, away with him, crucify him! Pilate said to them: Shall I 16 crucify your king? The chief priests answered: We have no king but Cæsar. He delivered him, therefore, to thein to be crucified.

17

27. 33.

Then they took Jesus and led him away. And he carrying Matt 3733 his cross, went out to a place called the place of skulls, which Lu. 23. 33. 18 is in the Hebrew Golgotha, where they crucified him, and two 19 others with him, one on each side and Jesus in the middle. Pilate also wrote a title, and put it upon the cross. The words 20 were, JESUS THE NAZARENĖ, THE KING OF THE JEWS. And many of the Jews read this title, (for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh the city; and it was writ21 ten in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin): whereupon the chief priests 22 said to Pilate: Write not "the king of the Jews," but "who calleth himself king of the Jews." Pilate answered: What I have written, I have written.

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15. 24.

When the soldiers had nailed Jesus to the cross, they took Matt. 27. 35. his mantle and divided it into four parts, one to every soldier: Lu. 23. 34. they also took the coat, which was seamless, woven from the 24 top throughout, and said among themselves: Let us not tear it, but determine by lot whose it shall be; thereby verifying the Scripture which saith, "They shared my mantle among them, P. 2o. 18. and cast lots for my vesture." Thus therefore acted the soldiers. Now there stood near the cross of Jesus, his mother, and her sister Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene. 26 Then Jesus observing his mother, and the disciple whom he loved standing by, said to his mother: Woman, behold thy son. 27 Then he said to the disciple: Behold thy mother. And from that hour the disciple took her to his own home.

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28

After this, Jesus knowing that all was now accomplished, that p. 69. 21. 29 the Scripture might be fulfilled, said: I thirst. As there was a vessel there full of vinegar, they filled a sponge with vinegar, and having fastened it to a twig of hyssop, held it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus had received the vinegar, he said: It is finished, and, bowing his head, yielded up his spirit.

31

The Jews, therefore, lest the bodies should remain on the cross on the Sabbath,|| for it was the preparation, (and that Sabbath was a great day), besought Pilate that their legs might 32 be broken, and the bodies might be removed. Accordingly, the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and of the oth33 er who were crucified with him. But when they came to

A raised place. † Friday. Twelve o'clock, noon. § Vul. Calvary.

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Ex. 12. 46;

Numb. 9. 12.

Jesus, and found that he was already dead, they did not break 34 his legs. But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, 35 whence blood and water immediately issued. He was an eyewitness who attesteth this, and his testimony deserveth credit: nay, he is conscious that he speaketh truth, that ye may believe. For these things happened that the Scripture might be verified, None of his bones shall be broken." Again the Scripture saith elsewhere, "They shall look on him whom they have pierced."

36 Zech. 12. 10. 37

Matt. 27. 57. 38

Mar. 15. 43.
Lu. 23. 50.

ch. 3. 1.

SECTION XII.—THE RESURRECTION.

AFTER this Joseph the Arimathean, who was a disciple of Jesus, but a concealed disciple for fear of the Jews, asked permission of Pilate to take away the body of Jesus, which Pilate 39 having granted, he went and took the body of Jesus. Nico

demus also, who had formerly repaired to Jesus by night, came and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, weighing about a 40 hundred pounds. These men took the body of Jesus, and wound

it in linen rollers with the spices, which is the Jewish manner 41 of embalming. Now in the place where he was crucified there

was a garden, and in the garden a new monument wherein no 42 one had ever yet been laid. There they deposited Jesus on account of the Jewish preparation,* the monument being near. Matt. 28. 1. XX. The first day of the week+ Mary Magdalene went early to the monument, while it was yet dark, and saw that the stone 2 had been removed from the entrance. Then she came running

Mar. 16. 1.

Lu. 24. 1.

Mar. 16. 9.

to Simon Peter, and to that other disciple whom Jesus loved, and said to them: They have taken the Master out of the mon3 ument, and we know not where they have laid him. Immediately Peter went out, and the other disciple, to go to the mon4 ument. And both ran together, but the other disciple outran 5 Peter, and came first to the monument; and stooping down, he 6 saw the linen rollers lying, but went not in. Then came Simon

Peter, who followed him, and went into the monument, where 7 he observed the rollers lying, and the handkerchief which had been wrapped about his head not laid beside them, but folded up 8 in a place by itself. Then the other disciple, who came first to the monument, entered also; and he saw and believed the re9 port: For as yet they did not understand from the Scriptures 10 that he was to rise from the dead. Then the disciples returned to their companions.

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But Mary stood without near the monument weeping. As
12 she wept, stooping down to look into the monument, she saw
two angels in white, sitting where the body of Jesus had lain,
13 one at the head, the other at the feet. And they said to her:
Woman, why weepest thou? She answered: Because they
have taken away my Master, and I know not where they have

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14 laid him. Having said this, she turned about and saw Jesus 15 standing, but knew not that it was Jesus. Jesus said to her: Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou? She supposing him to be the gardener, answered: Sir, if thou have conveyed him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and 16 I will take him away. Jesus said to her: Mary. She turn17 ing said to him: Rabboni, that is, Doctor. Jesus said to her: Lay not hands on me, for I have not yet ascended to my Father; but go to my brethren, and say to them, I ascend to my Fa18 ther and your Father, my God and your God.' Mary Magdalene went and informed the disciples that she had seen the Master, and that he had spoken these things to her.

19

Lu. 24.36.

In the evening of that day, the first of the week,* Jesus came Mar. 16. 14. where the disciples were convened, (the doors having been shut for fear of the Jews), and stood in the midst, and said to them: 20 Peace be unto you. Having said this, he showed them his hands and his side. The disciples, therefore, rejoiced when they 21 saw it was their Master. Jesus said again to them: Peace be As the Father hath sent me, so send I you. After 23 these words he breathed on them, and said unto them: Re- Matt. 18. 18. ceive the Holy Ghost. Whose sins soever ye remit, are re

22 unto you.

mitted to them; and whose sins soever ye retain, are retained. 24 Now Thomas, that is Didymus,† one of the twelve, was not 25 with them when Jesus came. The other disciples, therefore,

said to him: We have seen the Master. But he answered: Unless I see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger to the print of the nails, and my hands to his side, I will 26 not believe. Eight days after, the disciples being again in the house, and Thomas with them, Jesus came, the doors having been shut, and stood in the midst and said: Peace be unto you. 27 Then turning to Thomas: Reach hither thy finger, he said,

and look at my hands; reach also thy hand and feel my side, 28 and be not incredulous, but believe. And Thomas answered and 29 said unto him: My Lord and my God. Jesus replied: Because thou seest me, Thomas, thou believest; happy they who, having never seen, shall nevertheless believe.

30 Many other miracles Jesus likewise performed in the presence ch. 21. 25. 31 of his disciples, which are not recorded in this book. But these are

recorded that ye may believe that Jesus is the Messiah the Son of God, and that believing ye may have life through his name. XXI. AFTERWARDS Jesus again appeared to the disciples, 2 at the sea of Tiberias; and in this manner he appeared. Simon Peter and Thomas,† that is, Didymus,† Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two other disciples of Jesus 3 being together, Simon Peter said: I go a-fishing. They answered: We will go with thee. Immediately they went, and 4 got aboard a bark, but that night caught nothing. In the morn† See ch. 11: 16.

* Sunday.

ing Jesus stood on the shore; the disciples, however, knew not 5 that it was Jesus. Jesus said to them: My lads, have ye any 6 victuals? They answered: No. Cast the net, cried he, on the

right side of the bark, and ye will find. They did so, but were 7 not able to draw it, by reason of the multitude of fishes. Then that disciple whom Jesus loved, said to Peter: It is the Master. Simon Peter hearing that it was the Master, girt on his upper garment, (which he had laid aside), and threw himself into the 9 sea. But the other disciples came in the boat, (for they were not further from land than about two hundred cubits), dragging 9 the net with the fishes. When they came ashore they saw a 10 fire burning, and fish laid thereon, and bread. Jesus said to them: 11 Bring of the fishes which ye have now taken. Simon Peter

went back and drew the net to land, full of large fishes, a hundred and fifty-three; and the net was not rent, notwithstand12 ing the number. Jesus said to them: Come and dine. Meantime none of the disciples ventured to ask him: Who art thou? 13 knowing it was the Master. Jesus then drew near, and taking 14 bread and fish, distributed among them. This is the third time that Jesus appeared to his disciples after his resurrection.

15

When they had dined, Jesus said to Simon Peter: Simon son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He answered: Yes, Lord, thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus replied: Feed my lambs. 16 A second time he said: Simnon son of Jonas, lovest thou me? He answered: Yes, Lord, thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus repli17 ed: Tend my sheep. A third time he said: Simon son of Jonas,

lovest thou me? Peter, grieved at his asking this question the third time, answered: Lord, thou knowest all things, thou knowest 2 Pot. 1. 14. 18 that I love thee. Jesus replied: Feed my sheep. Verily, verily, I say unto thee, in thy youth thou girtest thyself, and wentest whither thou wouldst; but in thine old age thou shalt stretch out thy hands, and another will gird thee, and carry thee whith19 er thou wouldst not. This he spake, signifying by what death he should glorify God. After these words he said to him: follow me. And Peter turning about saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following, (the same who, leaning on his breast at the supper, 21 had asked who it was that would betray him.) Peter seeing hin, said to Jesus: And what, Lord, shall become of this man? 22 Jesus answered: If I will that he wait my return, what is that 23 to thee? follow thou me. Hence arose the rumor among the

ch. 13. 23.

ch. 20. 30.

20

brethren, that that disciple should not die; nevertheless Jesus said not that he should not die, but "If I will that he wait my return, what is that to thee?"

24 It is this disciple who attesteth these things, and wrote this account; and we know that his testimony deserveth credit. 25 There were many other things also performed by Jesus, which were they to be severally related, I imagine the world itself could not contain the volumes that would be written. Amen.

NOTES

ON ST. JOHN'S GOSPEL.

CHAPTER I.

1. "IN the beginning was the word," v doxy v ó λóyos. I have here followed the E. T. and the majority of modern versions. Vul. and Zu. "In principio erat verbum." Err. Be. and Cas. have, instead of verbum,' used the word sermo.' The Gr. word Aoyos is susceptible of several interpretations, the chief of which are these two, reason' and ' speech,'-ratio and oratio. The former is properly o óyos ó évdiaveros, ratio mente concepta; the latter ὁ λόγος ὁ προφορικος, ratio enunciativa. The latter acceptation is that which has been adopted by most interpreters. If the practice of preceding translators is ever entitled to implicit regard from their successors, it is where the subject is of so abstruse a nature, as hardly to admit an exposition which is not liable to strong objections. For my part, the difference between verbum and sermo appears too inconsiderable, in a case of this kind, to induce one to leave the beaten track. Were I to desert it, (which I do not think there is here sufficient evidence to warrant), I should prefer the word reason, as suggesting the inward principle or faculty, and not the external enunciation, which may be called word or speech. Things plausible may be advanced in support of either mode of interpreting. In favor of the common version, word, it may be urged, that there is here a manifest allusion to the account given of the creation in the first chapter of Genesis, where we learn, that "God in the beginning made all things by his word. God said-and it was so." In favor of the other interpretation, some have contended, that there is a reference in the expression to the doctrine of the Platonists; whilst others are no less positive, that the sacred author had in his eye the sentiments of Philo the Jew. Perhaps these two suppositions amount to the same thing in effect; at least it is more probable, that the Jewish theorist borrowed his notions on this subject from the Gr. philosopher, than that the evangelist should have recourse to an idolater. For my part, I entirely agree with those who think it most likely that the allusion here is to a portion of holy

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