CUSTOMS DISTRICTS AND PORTS IN THE UNITED STATES.-Continued.

PORTS AT WHICH MERCHANDISE MAY BE ENTERED FOR TRANSPORTATION TO OTHER PORTS WITHOUT APPRAISEMENT UNDER THE ACT OF JUNE 10, 1880.

LIST OF PORTS WHERE THE CUSTOM-HOUSE PREMISES ARE USED FOR STORAGE OF IMPORTED

How to Meet the Customs Officer.

(From suggestions furnished by the Treasury Department.)

Residents of the United States returning from abroad will be met at Quarantine by a Government official to whom they will make a declaration under oath, stating the number of trunks in their possession, their dutiable contents. etc. If all people were honest this formality would be sufficient, but under existing conditions it is necessary to examine the contents of these trunks and packages at the pier. Those who heed the following suggestions, however, will make their annoyance as slight as possible:

(1) Prepare a detailed list of all articles purchased, or otherwise obtained, abroad, as well as the prices paid therefor, or the value thereof, specifying separately articles of wearing apparel, personal adornment, toilet, and other personal effects, all of which will be appraised at the market price in the country where purchased. (2) If possible, keep the original receipted bills for purchases of any importance where they may be easily referred to at the time of appraisement. (3) In packing trunks place all articles purchased abroad in such a position that they may easily be found and exhibited for appraisement.

Any personal effects taken abroad as baggage and brought back in the same condition will be admitted free; but if improved in condition they are dutiable. From the aggregate value of all articles purchased abroad (unless they are intended for other persons or for sale) goods to the value of $100 will be deducted, for that amount of personal property is admitted free of duty.

Persons who have been abroad for the purposes of study, restoration of health, or for other specific objects, and have had a fixed foreign abode for one year or more, are considered non-residents within the meaning of this exemption. Persons who have been abroad for two years or more, but not for the reasons above, and who have had during that time a fixed place of abode for one year or more, will be also con idered as non-residents within the meaning of this law. The distinction is this: Non-residents are permitted to bring all wearing apparel and other articles in actual use that are appropriate to the journey without regard to value, but are entitled to no exemptions on new and unused wearing apparel or other articles, while residents are entitled to an exemption of $100 on appropriate articles, whether in use or not.

A failure to declare any dutiable goods renders the same liable to seizure and confiscation, and yourself to the full penalties of the law.

The law expressly forbids the importation into the United States of garments made in whole or in part of the skins of prohibited fur seals, unless the owner is able to establish by competent evidence and to the satisfaction of the collector either that the garment was purchased prior to December 29, 1897, or that the animal was taken elsewhere than in prohibited waters. Residents who desire to take sealskin garments abroad should have the same registered with the collector. A failure to do this will cause no end of annoyance and is likely to result in the confiscation and destruction of the garment.

Upon the request of any lady for a private examination of her baggage, the same will be granted, provided the steamship company has provided a suitable place therefor.

Government officers are forbidden by law to accept anything but currency in payment of duties, but it requested will retain baggage for twenty-four hours to enable the owner to secure the currency. In case passengers are dissatisfied with the value placed upon dutiable articles, application may be made to the collector in writing, within two days, and the appraisement will be reviewed by a General Appraiser.

Baggage intended for an interior port will be forwarded thereto upon application and without examination at the port of arrival. Any baggage or personal effects in transit through the United States to any foreign country will, on application, be forwarded to port of departure.

No customs official or employe is allowed to accept gratuities or "tips" of any kind under penalty of prompt dismissal.

The National Cemeteries.

The national cemeteries are located in the following places:

Alexandria, La.; Alexandria, Va.; Andersonville, Ga.; Annapolis, Md.: Antietam, Md.; Arlington, Va.; Balls Bluff, Va.; Barrancas, Fla.; Baton Rouge, La.; Battle-Ground, D. C.; Beaufort, S. C.; Beverly, N. J.; Brownsville, Tex.; Camp Butler, Ill.; Camp Nelson, Ky.; Cave Hill, Ky.; Chalmette, La.; Chattanooga, Tenn.; City Point, Va.; Cold Harbor, Va.; Corinth, Miss.: Crown Hill, Ind.; Culpeper, Va.; Custer Battlefield, Mont.; Cypress Hills, N. Y.; Danville, Ky.; Danville, Va; Fayetteville, Ark.; Finns Point, N. J.; Florence, S. C.; Fort Donelson, Tenn.; Fort Gibson, Ind. T.; Fort Harrison, Va.; Fort Leavenworth, Kan.; Fort McPherson, Neb.; Fort Scott, Kan.; Fort Smith, Ark.: Fredericksburg, Va.; Gettysburg, Pa.; Glendale, Va.; Grafton, W. Va.; Hampton, Va.; Jefferson Barracks, Mo.; Jefferson City, Mo.; Keokuk, Ia.; Knoxville, Tenn.; Lebanon, Ky.; Lexington, Ky.; Little Rock, Ark.: Loudon Park, Md. Marietta, Ga.: Memphis, Tenn.; Mexico City, Mex.; Mill Springs, Ky.; Mobile. Ala.; Mound City, Ill.; Nashville, Tenn.; Natchez, Miss.; New Albany, Ind.; New Berne, N. C.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Poplar Grove, Va.; Port Hudson, La.; Quincy, Ill.; Raleigh, N. C.; Richmond, Va.; Rock Island, Ill.; St. Augustine, Fla.; Salisbury, N. C.; San Antonio, Tex.; San Francisco, Cal.; Santa Fe., N. M.; Seven Pines, Va.; Shiloh, Tenn.; Soldiers' Home, D. C.; Springfield, Mo.; Staunton, Va.; Stone River, Tenn.; Vicksburg, Miss.; Wilmington, N. C.; Winchester, Va.; Woodlawn, N. Y. Yorktown, Va.

Rules Governing the Granting of Passports in the United States.

(Prepared by the Department of State.)

1. By Whom Issued. No one but the Secretary of State may grant and issue passports in the United States.— Revised Statutes, secs. 4075, 4078.

A citizen of the United States desiring to procure a passport while he is temporarily abroad should apply to the diplomatic representative of the United States in the country where he happens to be; or, in the absence of a diplomatic representative to the consul-general of the United States; or, in the absence of both, to the consul of the United States. The necessary statement may be made before the nearest consular officer of the United States.

2. To Citizens Only -The law forbids the granting of a passport to any person who is not a citizen of the United States.-Revised Statutes, sec. 4076,

A person who has only made the declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States cannot receive a passport. 3. Applications.-A citizen of the United States in this country in order to procure a passport must make a written application, in the form of an affidavit, to the Secretary of State. The affidavit must be attested by an officer authorized to administer oaths, and if he has an official seal it must be affixed. If he has no seal, his official character must be authenticated by certificate of the proper legal

officer.

If the applicant signs by mark, two attesting witnesses to his signature are required.

The applicant is required to state the date and place of his birth, his occupation, and the place of his permanent residence, and to declare that he goes abroad for temporary sojourn and intends to return to the United States with the purpose of residing and performing the duties of citizenship therein.

The applicant must take the oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States.

The application must be accompanied by a description of the person applying, and should state the following particulars, viz.: Age, years; stature, feet -inches (English measure); forehead, -; eyes, ; nose, ; mouth, -; hair, ; complexion, ; face, The application must be accompanied by a certificate from at least one credible witness that the applicant is the person he represents himself to be, and that the facts stated in the affidavit are true to the best of the witness's knowledge and belief.

4. Native Citizens.-An application containing the information indicated by rule 3 will be sufficient evidence in the case of native citizens.

5. A Person Born Abroad Whose Father Was a Native of the United States. In addition to the statements required by rule 3, his application must show that his father was born in the United States, has resided therein and is a citizen at the time of the applicant's birth. The Department may require that this affidavit be supported by that of one other citizen acquainted with the facts.

6. Naturalized Citizens.-In addition to the statements required by rule 3, a naturalized citizen must transmit his certificate of naturalization, or a duly certified copy of the court record thereof, with his application. It will be returned to him after inspection. He must state in his affidavit when and from what part he emigrated to this eountry, what ship he sailed in, where he has lived since his arrival in the United States, when and before what court be was naturalized, and that he is the identical person described in the certificate of naturalization. The signature to the application should conform in orthography to the applicant's name as written in the naturalization paper, which the Department follows.

7. The Wife or Widow of a Naturalized Citizen. In addition to the statement required by rule 3, she must transmit for inspection her husband's naturalization certificate, must state that she is the wife or widow of the persen described therein, and must set forth the facts of his emigration, naturalization, and residence, as required in the rule governing the application of a naturalized citizen.

8. The Child of a Naturalized Citizen Claiming Citizenship Through the Naturalization of the Father.-In addition to the statements required by rule 3, the applicant must state that he or she is the son or daughter, as the case may be, of the person described in the naturalization certificate, which must be submitted for inspection, and must set forth the facts of his emigration, naturalization, and residence, as required in the rule governing the application of a naturalized citizen.

9. Expiration of Pas-port.-A passport expires two years from the date of its issuance. A new one will be issued upon a new application, and if the applicant be a naturalized citizen, the old passport will be accepted in lieu of a naturalized certificate, if the application upon which it was issued is found to contain sufficient information as to the emigration, residence, and naturalization of the applicant.

10. Wife, Minor Children and Servants.-When an applicant is accompanied by his wife, minor children, or scrrant, being an American citizen, it will be sufficient to state the fact, giving the respective ages of the children and the citizenship of the servant, when one passport will suffice for all. For any other person in the party a separate passport will be required. A woman's passport may include her minor children and servant under the above-named conditions.

11. Professional Titles.-They will not be inserted in passports.

12. Fee. By act of Congress approved March 23, 1888, a fee of one dollar is required to be collected for every etizen's passport. That amount in currency or postai money order should accompany each application. Orders should be payable to the Disbursing Clerk of the Department of State. Drafts or checks will not be received.

13. Blank Forms of Application. They will be furnished by the Department to persons who desire to apply for passports upon their stating whether they are native or naturalized citizens or claim through the naturalization of busband or father. Forms are not furnished, except as samples, to those who make a business of procuring passports. 14. Rejection of Application.-The Secretary of State may refuse to issue a passport to any one who, he has reason to believe, desires it for an unlawful or impropel purpose, or who is unable or unwilling to comply with the rules.

Passport Regulations of Foreign Countries.

The following summary, which contains both the passport regulations of foreign countries and the laws relating to the return of naturalized American citizens to their native land, was specially prepared for The Amercan Almanac from information furnished by the Department of State.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

A former subject now a naturalized citizen of the United States is treated upon his return as a citizen of the United States. If he violated any criminal laws before the date of emigration he remains liable to trial and punishment, unless the right to punish has been lost by lapse of time as provided by law. A naturalized American citizen formerly a subject of Austria-Hungary may be arrested and punished under the military laws: (1) If he was accepted and enrolled as a recruit in the army before the date of emigration, although he had not been put in service; (2) if he was a soldier when he emigrated, either in active service or on leave of absence: (3) if he was summoned before his emigration to serve in the reserve or militia, and failed to obey the call; (4) if he emigrated after war had broken out. A naturalized American citizen of Austro-Hungarian origin on arriving in that country should at once show his passport to the proper authorities, and if it is found that his name is on the military rolls, he should request that it be struck off, calling attention to the treaty of September 20, 1870, between this country and Austria-Hungary. The laws require every stranger to produce a passport. They do not ordinarily require to be vised or indorsed.

BELGIUM.

Under the terms of the convention between the United States and Belgium, a Belgian naturalized as a citizen of the United States is considered as a citizen of the United States, but upon return to Belgium he may be prosecuted for crime or misdemeanor committed before naturalization, saving such limitations as are established by law. A naturalized American formerly a Belgian, who has resided five years in this country, cannot be Leid to military service in Belgium, or to incidental obligation resulting therefrom, in the event of his return, except in cases of desertion from organized or embodied military or naval service. Passports are not usually required.

DENMARK.

When one whose name has been, or should have been, entered on the conscription lists emigrates without reporting his intended departure to the local authorities he is liable to a fine of from 25 to 100 kroner. A person

above the age of twenty-two years entered for military service must obtain a permit from the Minister of Justice to emigrate, Non-compliance with this regulation is punishable by a fine of from 20 to 200 kroner. The treaty of naturalization between the United States and Denmark provides that a former subject of Denmark naturalized in the United States shall, upon his return to Denmark, be treated as a citizen of the United States; but he is not thereby exempt from penalties for offences committed against Danish law before his emigration. A naturalized American, formerly a Danish subject, is not liable to perform military service on his return to Denmark, unless at the time of emigration he was in the army and deserted, or, being twenty-one years old at least. had been enrolled for duty and notified to report and failed to do so. He is not liable for service which he was not actually called upon to perform. Passports are not required to secure admission to Denmark.

- FRANCE.

There is no naturalization treaty between the United States and France. If released from all military obligations in France, or if the authorization of the French Government was obtained beforehand, naturalization of a former French citizen in the United States is accepted by the French Government; but a Frenchman naturalized abroad without the consent of his Government, and who at the time of his naturalization was still subject to military service in the active army, or the reserve, is held to be amenable to the French military laws. Long absence from France and old age do not prevent this action. A Frenchman naturalized abroad, after having passed the age of service in the active army and the reserve, nevertheless continues on the military list until he has had his name struck from the rolls, which may usually be done by his sending his naturalization certificate through the United States Embassy to the proper French authorities. The French Government rarely gives consent to a Frenchman of military age to throw off his allegiance. Application on the subject may, however, be addressed the Minister of Justice at Paris, accompanied by a full statement of the particulars and a fee of 675 francs. the request is granted the name of the person concerned is erased from the military list and he may return.

GERMANY.

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A German who emigrates before he is seventeen years old, or before he has been actually called upon to appear before the military authorities, may, after a residence in the United States of five years and after due naturalization, return to Germany on a visit, but his right to remain in his former home is denied by Germany, and he may be expelled after a brief sojourn on the ground that he left Germany merely to evade military service. person who has completed his military service and has reached his thirty-first year and become an American citizen may safely return to Germany. But a naturalized American of German birth is liable to trial and punishment upon return to Germany for an offence against German civil or military law committed before emigration, saving always the limitations of the laws of Germany. He may, however, petition the sovereign of his native state for relief, but the United States Government cannot act as intermediary.

ALSACE-LORRAINE AND WURTEMBERG.

Alsace-Lorraine having become a part of Germany since our naturalization treaties with the other Geman States were negotiated, American citizens, natives of that province, under existing circumstances, may be subjected to inconvenience and possible detention by the German authorities if they return without having sought and obtained permission to do so from the Imperial Governor at Strassburg.

The authorities of Wurtemberg require that the evidence of the American citizenship of a former subject of Wurtemberg which is furnished by a passport shall be supplemented by a duly authenticated certificate showing five years' residence in the United States.

GREECE.

There is no treaty on the subject of naturalized citizens between the United States and Greece. The Greek Government does not, as a general statement, recognize a change of nationality on the part of a former Greek without the consent of the King, and a former Greek who has not completed his military service and who is not exempt therefrom under the military code may be arrested upon his return to Greece. The practice of the Greek Government is not, however, uniform, but American citizens of Greek origin are advised to find out before returning what status they may expect to enjoy. Information should be sought directly from the Greek Government, ITALY.

who

There is no treaty between the United States and Italy defining the status of former Italian subjects have become American citizens. Naturalization of an Italian subject in a foreign country without consent of the Italian Government is no bar to liability to military service. A former Italian subject may visit Italy without fear of molestation when he is under the age of twenty years; but between the ages of twenty and thirty-nine he is liable to arrest and forced military service, if he has not previously reported for such service After the age of thirty-nine he may be arrested and imprisoned, but will not be compelled to do military duty unless he has been pardoned. Such pardons may only be obtained by direct petition to the Italian Government.

Passports are not required from foreign travellers, but they are useful in establishing identity and often prevent interference with departure from Italy. They need not be vised or endorsed.

NETHERLANDS.

No military service is required of one who became a citizen of the United States before the calendar year in which he became nineteen years of age, and a Netherlands subject who becomes a citizen of the United States when he is nineteen and between January 1 and August 31 may have his name removed from the register by applying to the Queen's commissioner of the province in which he was registered. If he does not have his name removed from the register, or if he becomes a citizen of the United States after the register is closed (August 31), and his name is drawn for enlistment, his naturalization does not affect his military obligations to the Netherlands, and if he returns he is liable (1) to be treated as a deserter, if he did not respond to the summons for service, or (2) to be enlisted if he is under forty. Former Netherlands subjects are advised to ascertain by inquiry from the Netherlands authorities what status they may expect to enjoy if they return to the Netherlands.

PERSIA.

There is no naturalization treaty between the United States and Persia. Permission to be naturalized in a foreign country is not granted by the Persian Government to a Persian subject if he is under charge for a crime committed in Persia, or is a fugitive from justice, or a deserter from the Persian army, or is in debt in Persia, or fled to avoid pecuniary obligations. If a Persian subject becomes a citizen of another country without the permission of the Government he is forbidden to re-enter Persian territory, and if he had any property in Persia he is ordered to sell or dispose of it.

Passports are required of foreigners desiring to enter Persia, and they should bear the vise or endorsement of a Persian consular officer.

PORTUGAL.

There is no naturalization treaty between the Unitel States and Portugal. If a Portuguese leaves Portugal without having performed the military duty to which he was liable and becomes naturalized in a foreign country, his property is subject to seizure, and that of the person who may have become security for him when he left the Kingdom is equally liable.

Passports are not required to enter Portuguese dominions. Travellers are, however, required to establish their nationality when they depart, and for this purpose a passport is the most effective document.

ROUMANIA.

There is no naturalization treaty between the United States and Roumania. American citizens formerly Roumanian subjects are not molested upon their return to Roumania, unless they infringed Roumanian law before emigrating. One who did not complete his military service in Roumania, and cannot prove that he performed military service in the United States, is subject to arrest, or fine, or both, for evasion of military duty.

Passports are absolutely necessary in Roumania and must be vised by a Roumanian consul. If not so vised the holder may be sent back from the frontier to the nearest place where there is a Roumanian consul. An American who intends to remain in Roumania for a longer period than eight days must have his passport vised by the United States consul at Bucharest and obtain a permit of residence, valid for one year, from the prefecture of police.

RUSSIA.

There is no naturalization treaty between the United States and Russia. A Russian who becomes a citizen of another country without imperial consent is liable under Russian laws to the loss of all his civil rights and to perpetual banishment from the Empire. If he returns he is liable to deportation to Siberia. When a Russian emigrates before he is fifteen years old, and subsequently becomes a citizen of another country, he is equally liable to punishment, unless when he attained the age of twenty-one years he took steps necessary to obtain the consent of the Emperor to his expatriation,

Naturalized Americans of Russian birth, of the Jewish race, are not allowed to enter Russia except by special permission. For this they may apply to the Minister of the Interior.

No one is admitted to Russia without a passport. It must be vised by a Russian diplomatic or consular representative. Upon entering Russia it should be shown at the first Government house, and the holder will be given another passport or permit of sojourn. At least twenty-four hours before departure from Russia this permit should be presented and a passport of departure will be granted and the original passport returned. A fresh permit to remain in Russia must be obtained every six months.

SERVIA.

There is no naturalization treaty between the United States and Servia. If a subject of Servia emigrates before he has fulfilled his military obligations, the Servian Government does not recognize a change of nationality made without the consent of the King, and upon his return he may be subject to molestation. If, however, he performed his military service before emigration his acquisition of naturalization in the United States is recognized by the Servian Government.

Passports are rigorously required of all persons who desire to enter Servia,

SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

Under the treaty between the United States and Sweden and Norway, a naturalized citizen of the United States formerly a subject of Norway is recognized as an American citizen upon his return. He is liable, however, to punishment for an offence against the laws of Norway committed before his emigration, saving always the limitations established by law. Emigration itself is not an offence, but nonfulfillment of military duty and desertion from a military force or ship are offences. A naturalized American who performed his military service or emigrated when he was not liable to it and who infracted no laws before emigrating may safely return to Norway, but he must report to the conscription officers in order to prove his American citizenship. If he remains as long as two years in Norway he is obliged, without being summoned, to present himself for enrollment since he is then deemed by Norway to have renounced his American citizenship.

SWITZERLAND.

There is no naturalization treaty between the United States and Switzerland. If a Swiss citizen renounces Swiss allegiance in the manner prescribed by the Swiss law of July 3, 1876, and his renunciation is accepted, his naturalization in another country is recognized, but without such acceptance it is not recognized, and is held to descend from generation to generation. Before he returns to Switzerland an American citizen of Swiss origin should file with the Cantonal authorities his written declaration of renunciation of his rights to Communal, Cantonal, and in general Swiss citizenship, with documents showing that he has obtained foreign citizenship for himself, wife, and minor children, and receive the sealed document of release from Swiss citizenship through the Direction of Justice of the Canton of his origin. If he neglects this and is within the ages when military service may be required, he is liable to military tax, or to arrest and punishment in case of nonpayment of the tax.

Passports are not required for admission to Switzerland, but are usually demanded from persons sojourning in that country. They need not be vised or indorsed.

TURKEY.

There is no naturalization treaty between the United States and Turkey, and the Turkish Government denies the right of a Turk to become a citizen of any other country without the authority of the Government. His naturalization is, therefore, regarded by Turkey as void with reference to himself and his children and he is forbidden to return to Turkey. The consent of the Turkish Government to the naturalization in another country of a former Turk is given only upon condition that the applicant shall stipulate either never to return, or, returning, to regard himself as a Turkish subject. Therefore, if a naturalized American citizen of Turkish origin returns to Turkey he may expect arrest and imprisonment or expulsion.

Jews are prohibited from colonizing in Turkish Dominions.

Passports are required from all persons entering Turkish Dominions (Egypt excepted), and persons who enter without passports are liable to fine or imprisonment. The passports should, if possible, be vised by a Turkish consular officer in the United States.

The Military Service Term of Europe.

The laws governing military service in Europe are as follows: Austria-Hungary. All male subjects are liable between the ages of nineteen and forty-two years. Belgium.-Every male subject must register during the calendar year in which he reaches the age of nineteen years to take part in the drawing of lots for the raising of the necessary military contingent. Any one who has drawn a number which designates him for military service, or, in case of his absence, has had a number drawn for him by the proper authority, is punishable if he does not answer the call.

Denmark.-Military service becomes compulsory to a subject of Denmark during the calendar year in which he reaches the age of twenty-two years. In November or December of the year in which he becomes seventeen years old, he is expected to report for enrollment on the conscription lists.. If he neglects to do so, he may be fined from 2 to 40 kroner; but if his neglect arises from a design to evade service he may be imprisoned.

France. All Frenchmen who are not declared unfit or excused may be called upon for military duty between the ages of twenty and forty-five years. They are obliged to serve three years in the active army, ten in the reserve of the active army, six in the territorial army, and six in the reserve of the territorial army.

Germany. A German subject is liable to military service from the time he has completed the seventeenth year of his age until his forty-fifth year, active service lasting from the beginning of his twentieth year to the end of his thirty-sixth year.

Great Britain.-Military service is not compulsory.

Italy.-Italian subjects between the ages of twenty and thirty-nine years are liable for the performance of military duty under Italian law, except in the case of an only son; or where two brothers are so nearly of the same age that both would be serving at the same time, in which event only one is drafted; or where there are two sons of a widow, when only one is taken.

Netherlands. A subject of the Netherlands is liable to military service from his nineteenth to his fortieth year. He must register to take part in the drawing of lots for military service between January 1 and August 31 of the calendar year in which he reaches the age of nineteen. He is exempt, however, from service if he is an only son or is physically disabled; and in the case of a family half of the brothers are exempt, or the majority if the number is uneven.

Portugal. All male subjects who are not disqualified by age or conditions of health are liable to be called upon for military service, which is obligatory.

Roumania. All male inhabitants if not disqualified by age or conditions of health are liable to military duty between the ages of twenty-one and thirty years.

Russia. A Russian is enrolled for military service at the beginning of the twenty-first year of his age, and remains on the rolls to the end of his forty-third year; but at the age of fifteen he is considered to be among those who are liable to military duty, and he cannot, after reaching that age, ask for permission to become a citizen of a foreign country, unless he has performed such service

Servia. Ordinarily, all subjects of Servia are expected to perform at least two years' military service.
Spain. Three years' service is ordinarily required.

Sweden and Norway.-Subjects of Norway are liable to performance of military duty in and after the calendar year in which they reach their twenty-second year.

Switzerland.-Every Swiss citizen is liable, under Swiss law, to military service from the beginning of the year in which he becomes twenty years of age until the end of the year when he becomes forty-four.