RESEARCH for standard approaches. In Marine Technology Society (MTS)93 Conference Proceedings. Marine Technology Society, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 906, Washington, DC, pp. 216221. Nordvik, A. B., Simmons, J. L. and Hudon, T. (1994). MSRC oil spill response vessel oil water separator system tests. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar. Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Vol. 1, pp. 593–606. Nordvik, A. B. (1995). The technology windows-of-opportunity for marine oil spill response as related to oil weathering and operations. Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. 21, 17-46. Nordvik, A. B., Simmons, J. L. and Champ, M. A. (1995). Oil spill cleanup: Windows-of-opportunity, operational decision-making integrated combination of factors to improve contingency planning, education and training response worldwide. Sea Technol. 369, 10-16. A. B. NORDVIK et al. SEA (Scientific and Environmental Associates, Inc.). (1995). The use of chemical countermeasure product data for oil spill planning and response. In Workshop Proceedings, Volume 1. NOAA. HAZMAT. Seattle, WA, 83p. Strøm-Kristiansen, T., Lewis, A., Daling, P. S. and Nordvik, A. B. (1994a). Weathering properties and chemical dispersibility of crude oils transported in U. S. waters. MSRC Technical Report Series 93-032. Marine Spill Response Corporation. Washington, DC. 210 pp. Strøm-Kristiansen, T., Lewis, A., Daling, P. S. and Nordvik. A. B (1994b). Demulsification by use of heat and emulsion breaker. Phase 2. MSRC Technical Report Series 94-012. Marine Spill Response Corporation, Washington, DC, 114 pp. Walker, A. H., Ducey, D. L., Gould, J. R. and Nordvik, A. B. (1993). Formation and breaking of water-in-oil emulsions. In Workshop Proceedings. MSRC Technical Report Series 93-018. Marine Spill Response Corporation, Washington, DC, 300 pp. 122 Spill Science & Technologs Bulletin 343, OIL SEPARATORS - FLOW RATE Question: How many gallons of oily water can this system separate per hour? Answer: The Juniper system can pump up to 800 gallons per minute. The separation rate may vary widely, from pure oil to trace amounts, depending on a large number of variables including; incoming oil/water ratio, viscosity, oil type, density, ratio of oil to water, etc. OIL SEPARATORS - DISCHARGE OIL CONTENT Question: How many parts per million of oil are in the water discharged from this system? Answer: The oil content of the discharge is operator dependent. The operator monitors the oil content of the bottom water and discharges water only when the allowed oil concentration level is met. The on-scene authority determines the specific level of oil concentration allowed. OIL SEPARATORS - OPERATING COSTS Question: What is the operating cost of this system during a cleanup operation? Answer: Operating the Juniper Class separator system adds negligibly to the cost of operating all other shipboard systems. A cost study has not been conducted to determine the operating cost of this system during a cleanup operation. 47-047 98-7 OIL SEPARATORS - BACKGROUND Question: Did the Coast Guard build and test a prototype of this system that was tied into all ship systems before it was installed on the first buoy tender that was built? Answer: A prototype was not used since the system was based on simple, proven technology and considered to present very low technical risk. |