The Science of Thought

Sanskrit Grammar for Beginners, in Devanâgarî and Roman Letters. Second Edition, Accentuated.

1870.

India, What can it teach us? Course of Lectures delivered at Cambridge. 1883.

German Classics from the Fourth to the Nineteenth Century. With Biographical Notices, Translations into Modern German, and Notes. 1858. New Edition, by F. Lichtenstein, adapted to Scherer's History of German Literature,' translated by Mrs. F. C. Conybeare. 1886.

Schiller's Briefwechsel mit Herzog Christian von SchleswigHolstein. 1875.

Goethe and Carlyle, an Inaugural Address at the English Goethe Society. 1886.

Andrea del Sarto's Carità, with three illustrations. 1887.

Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, in commemoration of the Centenary of its first publication. Translated by F. Max Müller, with Introduction by L. Noiré. 1881.

Introduction to the Science of Religion (1870); last edition,

1882.

On Missions, a Lecture delivered in Westminster Abbey, Dec. 3, 1873, with an Introductory Sermon by A. P. Stanley. Out of Print.

On the Origin and Growth of Religion, Hibbert Lectures, 1878; last edition, 1882.

Chips from a German Workshop. 4 vols. 1867-1875. Out

of Print.

Selected Essays on Language, Mythology, and Religion. 2 vols.

1881.

Biographical Essays. 1884.

Lectures on the Science of Language, vol. I (1861); vol. II (1864); fourteenth edition, 1886.

Proposals for a Missionary Alphabet. 1854.

On the Relation of the Bengali to the Aryan and Aboriginal Languages of India. 1847.

On the Turanian Languages. Letter to Chevalier Bunsen, 1853. Out of Print.

On the Languages of the Seat of War, 1854; second edition,

1855. Out of Print.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT.

The meaning of Thought, 1. Materials of Thought, 2.

Can Sensations exist by themselves? 3. Dangers of

Menagerie Psychology, 5. Arguments derived from the

Brain of Animals and Men, 6. Sense better than Reason,

7. Teaching of Animals by Men, 10. Lessons taught a

Pike, 10. The Instinct of the Emperor Moth, 13. Use-

less arguments derived from the intelligence of Animals,

15. Unperceived Impressions, 17. Abundance of Philo-

sophical Terms, 17. Act, Instrument, Result, 19. Sen-

sation, Perception, Conception, Naming, 20. Memory,

Mind, 20. The Fundamental Character of Sensation, 21.

Nihil est in intellectu quod non simul sit in

sensu, 21. Can Percepts exist by themselves? 22.

Dangers of Nursery Psychology, 22. Space, Time,

Causality, 23. Percepts inseparable from Concepts, 25.

Percepts of Animals, 26. Anticipation of the Insepar-

ableness of Sensation, Perception, and Conception, 28.

Can Concepts exist by themselves? 29. Language and

Thought inseparable, 30.

Thomson, 37. Jevons, 37.

Herder, 44. Schleiermacher, 45. W.

von Humboldt, 45. Schelling, 45.

hauer, 46. Mill and Hamilton, 46. Mansel, 49. What

Hegel, 45. Schopen-

PAGES

follows from inseparableness of language and thought?

51. Answers to objections, 51. Other signs besides

words, 51. New objects how named, 52. Inexpressible

thoughts, 54. Foreign Words, 54. Experiments to

prove that thought is impossible without words, 56.

Speaking in the Stomach, 57. The Dog Experiment, 58.

Multiplicity of Languages, 59. Deaf and Dumb People,

63. Names for Thought in general, 64. The Inner

Working, 64. Who is the Worker? 64. Space, Time,

Cause, 65. Time-sense and Space-sense, 66. The suffi-

ciency of a self-conscious Monon, 67. There are no such

things as Mind, Memory, Reason, etc., 69.

Memory 70. Loss and Gain, 71. Logos, 75

What is

PAGES

1-76

CHAPTER II.

THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE.

Words the signs of concepts, 77. Attributes always abstract,

80. The word Name, 81. Language the true history

of the human mind, 83. Growth of Mind and Evo-

lution of Nature, 83. Parallelism between the study

of Mind and Nature, 84. Nâmarûpa, 84. Was man

ever without language? 85. The mental tubercle, 85.

Geiger's answer, 86. Difference between Rationalis

and Rationabilis, 87. Qualitates Occultae, 88.

Why I differ from Darwin, 89. Mill on Darwin, 91.

Two kinds of Evolution, 92. Individuals, Species,

Genera, 95. Knowledge impossible without Individuals

and Genera, 96. The term Species to be discarded, 96.

The Individual, 97. True Genera, 97. Reason versus

Chance, 98. Nature impossible without Genera, 100.

Mythological Language inevitable, 101. The Broad

Lines of Nature, 103. The Smaller Lines of Nature,

103. How Darwin differs from the Darwinians, 104.

Transition from Inorganic to Organic, 107. Different

beginnings, 111. Genus remains Genus, 112. Man and

Beast kept separate by Language, 114. The unhistorical

character of Evolutionist Philosophy, 118.

ON KANT'S PHILOSOPHY.

Causes of Kant's success, 127. Was Kant's philosophy

a compromise? 132. Kant's chief object, 133. The

Tabula Rasa, 135. The Conditions of Knowledge,

135. Forms of sensuous Intuition, 136. H. Spencer's

objections, 137. Categories of the Understanding, 141.

Nihil est in sensu, quod non fuerit in intel-

lectu, 141. Begriffe ohne Anschauungen sind

leer, Anschauungen ohne Begriffe sind blind,

143. Post-Kantian Philosophers in Germany, 144.

In France, 144. Difference between Mill and H.
Spencer, 146. Kant's auswers, 148. Schopenhauer on
Kant's view of Causality, 149. Helmholtz on Causality,
150

PAGES

127-151

CHAPTER IV.

LANGUAGE THE BARRIER BETWEEN MAN AND BEAST.

Kant and Darwin, 152. Unnecessary Dogmatism, Vogt and

Haeckel, 154. Monogenetic and Polygenetic Theory,

155. Common origin of mankind, 156. Independent

origin of man, 157. Transition from animal to man in-

conceivable, 158. Darwin on the Descent of Man, 160.

Language as the specific difference between animal and

man, 163. Schleicher on language, 164. Darwin's in-

sensible degrees, 164. Herakleitos, 167. Darwin's