Britain but a solid foundation laid for the increase of trade and commerce; The Anuual Register 1762, p. 180. Address of House of Lords to the King on receiving from him the Preliminary Articles of Peace Dec. 9, 1762: Most Gracious Sovereign, We, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the lords spiritual and temporal in parliament assembled, beg leave to return your majesty our sincerest acknowledgements, for the important communication which your Majesty has been graciously pleased to make us, of the preliminary articles of peace; concluded the third day of last month at Fountainbleau, with the crowns of France and Spain, and to express, in the most dutiful manner to your Majesty, the satisfaction we have received, at the foundation laid by these articles for a treaty of peace, which will greatly redound to your Majesty's honour, and the real benefit of your kingdoms; The House of Commons said: Most Gracious Sovereign, We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Commons of Great Britain in parliament assembled, beg leave to return your Majesty our most hum ble and hearty thanks for your most gracious condescention in ordering to be laid before us the preliminary articles of peace concluded between your majesty on the one part and their most Christian and Catholic Majesties on the other; .. and, altho' to make peace and war be your Majesty's just and undoubted prerogative yet knowing how agreeable it must be to your loyal mind to be informed of the grateful sense your people entertain of the justice and wisdom of your measures, and of your unwearied attention to our welfare, your faithful commons are impatient to express their approbation of the advantageous terms upon which your Majesty hath concluded preliminary articles of peace, and to lay before your majesty the hearty applause of a faithful, affectionate people.-The Annual Register, 1762, pp. 231-32. Treaty of Peace, 1763, between England, France and Spain: In the name of the most Holy and Undivided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. So be it. Be it known to all those to whom it shall, or may, in in any manner, belong. It has pleased the Most High to diffuse the spirit of union and concord among the princes, whose divisions had spread troubles in the four parts of the world and to inspire them with the inclination to cause the comforts of peace to succeed to the misfortunes of a long and a bloody war, which having arisen between England and France, during the reign of the most serene and potent prince, George the Second, by the grace of God. king of Great Britain, of glorious memory, continued under the reign of the most serene and potent prince, George the Third, his successor, and, in its progress, communicated itself to Spain and Portugal: consequently the most serene and potent prince, George the Third, by the grace of God, king of Great Britain, France and Ireland, duke of Brunswick and Lunenbourg, arch-trearer and elector of the Holy Roman Empire; the most serene and most potent prince, Lewis the Fifteenth, by the grace of God most Christian king; and the most serene and potent prince, Charles the Thid, by the grace of God, king of Spain and of the Indies; after having laid the foundation of peace in the preliminaries, signed at Fountainbleau the 3d of November last; determined to complete without delay, this great and important work. ART. IV. His most Christian majesty renounces all pretentions which he has heretofore formed, or might form, to Novia Scotia or Arcadia, in all its parts, and guarantees the whole of it, and with all its dependen cies, to the king of Great Britain; moreover his most Christian majesty cedes and guarantees to his said Britannic majesty, in full right, Canada with all its de pendencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts, in the Gulf and river of St. Lawrence, and, in general, everything that de pends on the said countries, lands, islands and coasts, with the sovereignty, property and possession, and all rights acquired by treaty and otherwise, which the most Christian king and the crown of France, have had, till now, over the said countries, islands, lands, places, coasts and their inhabitants; so that the most Christian king cedes and makes over the whole to the said king and to the crown of Great Britain, and that in the most ample manner and form, without restriction and without any liberty to depart from the said cession and guarantee, under any pretense, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions above mentioned. . . ART. VII. In order to re-establish peace on solid and durable foundations, and to remove forever all subjects of dispute with regard to the limits of the British and French territories on the continent of America, that for the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannic majesty, in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the river Missisippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of this river, and the lake Maurepas and Pontchartrain, to the sea; ART. XIX. The king of Great Britian shall restore to Spain all the territory which he has conquered in the island of Cuba, with the fortress of the Havanna; ART. XX. In consequence of the restitution stipu lated in the preceding article, his catholic majesty cedes and guarantees, in full right, to his Britannic majesty, Florida with fort St. Augustin, and the bay of Pensacola, as well as all that Spain possesses on the continent of North America, to the east or to the southeast of the river Mississippi, and, in general everything that depends on the said countries and lands with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights, acquired by treaties or otherwise, which the catholic king and the crown of Spain, have had till now, over the said countries, lands, places, and other inhabitants; so that the Catholic king cedes and makes over the whole to the said king, and to the crown of Great Britain, and that in the most ample manner and form. Annual Register, pp. 233, 240. QUESTIONS. 1. What was the basis of the claim of Spain to parts of North America? 2. What sea did Columbus mean by Indian sea? 3. What sea was it in reality? 4. State the basis of the claim of France? 5. What gions did France explore? 6. Who made voyages for the English? 7. What regions did they claim? 8. Give the basis of the Dutch claims. 9. Did any of these claims overlap? 10. Draw maps to show the territorial claims of the various claimants-1534, 1614, 1664. 1. What claimant gave up its claims first? 2. How did the Dutch regard the English as colonizers? 3. Were the Dutch skillful in managing their possessions? 4. What error did they make? 5. What present rivers were then known as Fresh, North, South? 6. When did Holland yield New Netherlands? 7. What was the Manhatans? 1. What boundaries did Penn suggest between English and French possessions? 2. How early was it felt that one or the other nation must yield its claims? 3. Why did Col. Heathcote believe the colonies should unite? 4. How were the French gaining territory? 5. Were the Indians generally with the French or English? 6. What boundaries proposed? 7. What the value of Nova Scotia to the English? 8. What the object of removing the inhabitants of Accadie? 9. What did the French call the Ohio river? 10. What value did they place on its possession? 11. What boundaries did the French wish to establish in America? 12. Give terms of surrender of Canada, 1760; also of final treaty of 1763. 13. What peculiar tone do you notice in the language of the addresses of the Lords and Commons to the King? 14. What territory did England gain in 1763? 15. Make a map to show possessions in 1764. 16. Write a history of the subject-European Possessions in America, 1492 1765." FIRST NATIONAL BOUNDARIES First territorial boundaries defined in treaty of 3 |