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no more be frowned

Confucianism and Taoism described and compared with Christianity. By James Legge, Professor of the Chinese guage and Literature in the University of Oxford. ion: Hodder and Stoughton, Paternoster Row. MDCCCLXXX. — -The comparative study of religions is an established fact, and can own by a timid orthodoxy, than that of comparative rammar or comparative anatomy. At first the science as viewed with suspicious jealousy by theologians of the traiter sect: but obviously such suspicions were misplaced. adherents of Christianity should be the last to shrink f the clearest light; for, however the disciple may fail in practice to reach the ideal standard, experience has shown that the principles enunciated by Jesus of Nazareth, and strated in the life of the Great Teacher, only shine Chahter by comparison with other lights. From first to last uch has been written on the religion of the Chinese-much at is true, and not a little that is absolutely misleading. The beliefs of so large a section of our fellow-creatures must ecessarily be an object of curiosity and interest to most People; and it is specially gratifying to have the voice of one * can speak with authority on the subject. By a long sidence in China. the faculty of acute observation, and a nitracted study of the sacred and canonical books of the nation, the translation of which he has for many years past been giving to the public in a voluminous series, Professor Legge is perhaps better entitled than any other man, to claim he right of speaking on the subject. The lectures now before us were delivered at the College of the Presbyterian Charch of England, and are alike creditable to the com

mittee of that institution, and to the distinguished scholar by whom they were given. Of the four lectures composing the course, the two first are occupied with Confucianism-its doctrines and worship, with a brief notice of the Sage. By close and careful study for many years, the lecturer has made this subject peculiarly his own. Criticism is almost put out of court, and it becomes us rather to listen respectfully to the utterances of the master. We have here a dispassionate exposition of that system, which has remained almost unchanged for over two thousand years; and is perfectly unique in the unchallenged sway it has held during that time over so large a portion of the world's population. Moreover, its devotees can look back to its founder, as what they consider a perfect embodiment of the principles he propounded. It would be rash indeed to refuse to acknowledge the lofty character of Confucius as a man; at the same time, as our author shows, he was not altogether free from elements of human weakness. Taoism, described by the lecturer as a "congeries of superstitions," is not so easily dealt with; the elements combining to make up the grotesque system, as we now find it, being so multifarious, and so intimately blended with the popular psychology, that it requires no small effort of genius to compress the subject within the compass of a lecture. Broadly speaking, the author is doubtless correct, when he says: "It was begotten by Buddhism out of the old Chinese superstitions." Viewing modern Taoism in its integrity, unlike Confucianism, it has no extended history; and, although it has had its luminaries in successive ages, it can point to no recognized founder. It is not easy to see why this honour should be attributed to Lao-tsze; for is is very questionable,

whether the "Old Philosopher" would have cared to associate his memory with any of the Protean phases it has assumed in the past. So unlike are the speculations of the Tao-te-king to practical Taoism, that Professor Legge has drawn an admissible distinction between the two; calling the one a "religion," the other a "philosophy." The last lecture is perhaps the most interesting, and gives a practical turn to the other three. It points out the things in which Confucianism, Taoism, and Christianity are at one; and draws a series of comparisons and contrasts between the three. Giving the matured convictions of an experienced missionary, the lectures are of great value to intending missionary students for China; and they may be studied with advantage by readers of every class. As the learned lecturer remarks:

RECENT LITERATURE OF

"The Army of Northern Virginia" is a Memorial Volume, compiled by Rev. J. Wm. Jones, D.D., Secretary Southern Historical Society, author of "Personal Reminiscences of Lee," etc., at the request of the Virginia Division Army of Northern Virginia Association. It is a book of 348 pages, well got up, and contains:-1. A report of the great Lee Memorial Meeting in Richmond in November, 1870, with the addresses of General J. A. Early, President Jefferson Davis, Colonel C. S. Venable, of the University of Virginia; General John S. Preston, of South Carolina; General John B. Gordon, of Georgia; Colonel Charles Marshall, of Baltimore; General Henry A. Wise, of Richmond; Colonel William Preston Johnston, of Lexington, Virginia, and Colonel R. E. Withers, of Wytheville, Virginia. Also the report of the organization of the Army of Northern Virginia Association. 2. Reports of the annual reunions of the Virginia Division, Army of Northern Virginia, together with the addresses of Colonel C. S. Venable in 1873; Colonel Charles Marshall in 1874; Major John W. Daniel in 1875; Captain W. Gordon McCabe in 1876; Leigh Robinson, Esq., in 1877; Colonel William Allan in 1878; and General Fitzhugh Lee in 1879. 3. A carefully prepared Roster of the Army of Northern Virginia. 4. A statement of the Relative Numbers of the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac at their principal battles. "Those who have heard these addresses will be glad to have them collected in a neat volume; and comrades of our grand old army who have been denied the privilege of mingling with us in our reunions will rejoice to have in permanent form the eulogies pronounced by our gifted President and his accomplished subalterns on the life and character of our grand old chieftain; the thrilling story of the campaign from the Rapidan to Petersburg, as graphically told by Colonel Venable, of Lee's staff; the strategic influence of Richmond on the campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia, as ably discussed by Colonel Charles Marshall, Lee's military secretary; the able and eloquent discussion of Gettysburg, by Major John W. Daniel, of General Early's staff; the story of the siege of Petersburg, as told in the scholarly, eloquent and valuable address of Captain W. Gordon McCabe; the vivid pictures of "the South before and at the battle of the Wilderness," by Private Leigh Robinson; the able, exhaustive and valuable historic paper on "Jackson's Valley Campaign," by Colonel William Allan. Chief of Ordnance of the Second Corps; and the splendid sketch of Chancellorsville, by General Fitzhugh Lee,

64

The more that a man possesses the Christian spirit, and is governed by Christian principle, the more anxious will he be to do justice to every other system of religion, and to hold his own without taint or fetter of bigotry." There is nothing in the volume rudely to irritate the susceptibilities of the disciple of Confucius; and if harsher things are said of Taoism, there is apparently nothing conflicting with the strictest veracity. The Christian reader will not be disposed to complain of Professor Legge's tenacious attachment to the old standards of orthodox faith. If the Presbyterian College gives birth to such a volume every year, it is rendering a great service both to the religious and general public. It deserves an extensive circulation.-A. W.

THE SOUTHERN STATES.

with other matter." As the edition is a limited one, those desiring to secure copies should order at once. It is published by J. W. Randolph & English, Richmond, Va.

"Housekeeping in Old Virginia" is a volume containing contributions from two hundred and fifty ladies in Virginia and her sister States, distinguished for their skill in the culinary art and other branches of domestic economy. Edited by Marion Cabell Tyree, and published by J. W. Randolph and English, of Richmond, Va. It contains 528 pages, 1,100 receipts. To judge by the encomiums passed upon it by some of the chief ladies of the United States, it is a book that every housekeeper should possess.

The Rev. Philip Slaughter, D.D., author of the Histories of St. George's and of St. Mark's Parishes, and Corresponding Member of Historical Societies of Virginia and Wisconsin, etc., has issued a second edition of the History of Bristol Parish, Va., with genealogies of families connected therewith, and historical illustrations. It is published by J. W. Randolph & English, of Richmond, Va. The same author has also written, and the same publishers advertise. A History of St. Mark's Parish. Culpeper Co.. Va., with Notes on Old Churches and Old Families, and Illustrations of the Manners and Customs of the Olden Time; and A Sketch of the Life of Randolph Fairfax, including a brief account of Jackson's Celebrated Valley Campaign (third edition).

Father Ryan's Poems." Messrs. Jno. J. Rapier and Co., of Mobile, Alabama, have now published the first and only edition of Father Ryan's Poems ever offered to the public. By solicitation they obtained from the reverend author his manuscripts for publication, and they have spared no expense in the endeavour to present them in the most elegant and attractive volume ever published in the South. The book contains more than one hundred poems of the Poet Priest of the lost cause, occupying two hundred and sixtythree pages. In this collection is embraced all of the leading descriptive, patriotic and devotional poems, which have established the author's wide reputation, besides very many others never before published. Every care has been taken to insure perfection in the typography of the work, which has been stereotyped. The volume is bound in cloth gilt; and illustrated by two steel engravings, one a fine portrait of the author himself,-the other a picture of the "Conquered Banner." Messrs. Trübner & Co. are the London Agents for these works.

linguistics. May, Eli K. Price, an account of Baron Waldeck, a corresponding member of the Society, now living in Paris, at the advanced age of 102. June, Henry Phillips Jr,* on Cowries as a currency. October, John Macalister, Jr., an Account of the Bush-hill mansion. November, Dr. D. G. Brinton, an Account of the recent discoveries of stone walls in Colorado and mounds in Dacotah. December, Charles Henry Hart, Memoir of Jared Sparks. In 1869. March, Charles Henry Hart, Memoir of George W. Fahnestock. April, W. W. H. Davis, a communication relative to the Spanish conquest of Mexico. May, Henry Phillips, Jr., on the Coins and currency of China. June, Dr. W. T. Taylor,* on the Indian name of the village Iuka. October, James Ross Snowden, Director of the United States Mint, on International coinage. In 1870. February, Dr. Frederick Horner, Jr., on the Early colonial history of Virginia. March, Charles Henry Hart,* a Tribute to the memory of the late William Willis, of Portland, honorary Vice-President of this Society for the State of Maine. May, Charles Henry Hart.* a Discourse on the life and services of Gulian C. Verplanck, of New York. June, Dr. D. G. Brinton, on recent Lacustrine discoveries in Switzerland. October, Charles Henry Hart, a

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Necrological notice of Richard Stockton Fields, an honorary Vice-President of this Society for the State of New Jersey. November, Eli K. Price, on the Remains of an Indian chief lately exhumed on the farm of Dr. G. B. Wood, near Camden. New Jersey. December, Charles Henry Hart, a Biographical sketch of the late Edward Ballard, D.D., honorary VicePresident of the Society for the State of Maine. In 1871. January, Charles Henry Hart, on Indian relics lately discovered near Monongahela City, Pa. February, W. Grier Hibler, on the Remains of a pre-historic race found on Easter Island. March, Charles Henry Hart, a Memoir of the late George Ticknor, an honorary member of this Society. April, Rev. Joseph A. Murray, of Carlisle, Pa.,* on the first American edition of the Bible. May, Henry Phillips, Jr. on Pre-historic remains lately found in the Ribbesdale caves, England. November, Dr. D. G. Brinton, on a "bird-track alphabet lately discovered in Ohio. December. Henry Phillips, Jr., on a black-letter almanac for the year 1620. In 1873. February, Charles Piers, on the Di Cesnola collection of Cypriote antiquities. May, Henry Phillips, Jr., on the Magic of the middle ages, as illustrated by the works of Albertus Magnus. December. Henry Phillips, Jr., on the Danish architecture of the middle ages. In 1874. January, Eli K. Price, on the Results of some recent explorations in Northern Italy. February, Henry Phillips, Jr., on late discoveries of human remains at Pompeii. March, Dr. D. G. Brinton,* on an Alphabetically inscribed stone lately found in Ohio. May, Charles Henry Hart, upon the Paternity of Andrew Hamilton, of Pennsylvania, as developed by the comparison of handwritings. October, Henry Phillips. Jr., on the Origin and history of the coinage of money. November, Dr. D. G. Brinton, on the Manners and migrations of the most ancient races of America. December, Horatio Hale, on Wampum and its uses. In 1875. January, Dr. D. G. Brinton, on the Psychology of the North American Indians. February, Charles Henry Hart, on Americana in the library of John Carter Brown, of Providence, R. I. March, W. Grier Hibler, on the Recent discovery of supposed war chariots near Rome. Jane, Charles Henry Hart read an unpublished letter from the Hon. George Bryan, of Pa., to Messrs. Hugh Williamson and John Ewing, in England, giving a contemporaneous account of the battle of Bunker Hill, to which he added notes on Messrs. Bryan, Ewing, and Williamson. In 1876. January, Isaac Myer, on the Waterloo medal of Pistrucci. February, Henry Phillips, Jr., the first American expedition in search of the North Pole, being the voyage of the Argo from Philadelphia in 1753-4. March, Dr. D. G. Brinton, on the Rock dwellings in the cañons of the far West. April, Henry Phillips, Jr., on the Falsification of coins; and also on King Mesa's pillar, now in the Louvre. June, Professor S. S. Haldeman, on a recent find of Indian relics at Chiequies, Pa.; Francis Jordan, Jr., a Description of an Indian stone mill found near the wind gap of the Blue mountain; Dr. D. G. Brinton,* on Recent explorations in the shell mounds of Florida. October, William Trautwine, on the Moabite stone; Dr. D. G. Brinton, on Discoveries in a mound near Grand Rapids, Michigan, embracing a skull apparently older than the celebrated one from the Neander Thal. November, Dr. D. G. Brinton, on the alleged ancient manuscript known as the "Oera Linda" Manuscript. December, Henry Phillips, Jr., on a Pre-historic Pompeii. In 1877. January, Hon. Eli K. Price, on the Loyalty of Chief Justice Chew, in 1776. February, Prof. Haldeman, on the Study of Heads in their Anthropological relations;

Henry Phillips, Jr., on the Method practised by the Aztecs in making obsidian knives. March, Charles Henry Hart, on the Life and times of Col. John Nixon. April and May, Isaac Myer, on the Glyptic art; November, William Trautwine, on the Construction of certain forms of American pottery; December, Dr. Brinton, on the late discoveries of Dr. Le Plongeon, at Chichen-Itza, in Yucatan. In 1878. January. Vice-President Dr. Daniel G. Brinton delivered the annual address, tracing the growth and progress of the Society during twenty years, and exhibiting the beneficial results that its labours had produced. February, the Grave Creek tablet was discussed. under the light of all the recent discoveries. March, Mr. Francis Jordan, Jr., read an essay on the first discoveries of coal in Pennsylvania, containing novel and valuable matter. April, Dr. C. C. Abbott, of Trenton, corresponding member, read an important paper upon the traces of a people once occupying the valley of the Delaware River, supposed to have preceded the later socalled Indians. May, Philip H. Law read an essay presenting new views of the Origin of Feudalism, combating the common opinion that it arose from the Germanic invasions of the Roman empire. June, William Trautwine read an essay on the Ancient Pueblo Civilization. November, Isaac Myer read a paper on the Asiatic Origin of the Names of the Days of the Week. In 1879. January, Dr. D. G. Brinton delivered an address upon the Symbolism of Colour among the North American Indians. February, an account was read of the Tanagra Figurines. March, Henry Phillips, Jr.,* read an account of the coins on exhibition at Memorial Hall, being extracts from the paper which he had read before the American Philosophical Society. April, S. K. Harzfeld * read an essay upon the Falsifications of Ancient Coins. May. Philip Howard Law read an essay upon the causes which led to the English Revolution of 1640, taking new ground, showing the fall of the authority of the Crown and the loss of power of the landed aristocracy, owing to the facilities introduced for the alienation of real estate. Mr. Law gave a sketch of the history of slavery in England. At the same meeting, Dr. Brinton made a communication in reference to some remarkable discoveries recently made in Guatemala, near the village of Cozumel Whualpa.* October, Henry Phillips, Jr.,* read an essay upon the Worship of the Sun, as represented upon a coin of Constantine the Great. November, Charles Henry Hart read a communication upon the Bones of Columbus, in which he referred to the familiar supposition that the Cathedral of Havana, in the Island of Cuba, contained the remains of the discoverer of America, but that recent investigations seem to have proven that this is all an error, and that his remains were never taken to Havana. Columbus died at Valladolid, on the 20th of May, 1506, and his body was placed in the convent of San Francisco. Seven years later his remains were taken to Seville and deposited in the Carthusian Monastery of Los Cuevas, and here, thirteen years later, was interred the body of his son, Diego. Subsequently, in 1536, to carry out his oft-expressed wish, that he might rest in his beloved new-found-land, the remains of both were removed and transferred to the Cathedral of San Domingo, on the Island of Hispaniola. Dr. D. G. Brinton called to the attention of the Society the alleged discovery of an ancient Mexican library, in the ruins of Xayi, near Chiapas. The writings were said to be on terra-cotta tablets, in a language not as yet accurately deciphered. December, Dr. Daniel G. Brinton made an important communication upon the subject of the Aboriginal Mica mines of North Carolina.

In 1858 near Pike's Peak, when gold was first discovered in Colorado, some two hundred pioneers founded half a dozen towns, which have since become important cities. Such rapid progress has the Rocky Mountain State made since then in its production of the precious metals that it bids fair to rival the Golden state of the Pacific, California, in the near fatare. As large portions of its lands require irrigation before they can be made available for agricultural purposes, it is to its mines that Colorado must look for some years to come for aid in its material development. It possesses in its Parks," as its pastoral districts are called, an eligible area for grazing; and when transit difficulties are overcome, stock-breeding may become a profitable industry. To those readers who want a compact, well-written, and reliable history of Colorado and her resources, we would recommend Mr. Frank Fossett's "Colorado; its Gold and Silver Mines, General Resources and Attractions." It is a well-printed duodecimo volume of pages, illustrated with well-executed engravings and maps. The author, who is an authority on the history and

540

progress of Colorado, divides his book into 4 parts: the first may be called a tourist's guide, the second is historical, the third treats of the farming and pastoral industries, and the fourth of the mines and minerals of the State. From its great elevation above sea-level, Colorado is likely to become a sanitorium for many diseases; invalids suffering from pulmonary diseases, if they go there soon enough, will no doubt find a congenial home. Mr. Fossett gives the assessed valuation of real and personal property in Colorado in 1878 as amounting to 43,000,000 dollars; this is exclusive of mining property, which is exempt from taxation for eight years. The agricultural productions of 1878 amounted to 3,515.000 dollars, though not more than one-fifth of the arable land of the State was under cultivation. It possesses 1,218 miles of railway, 14 daily papers with weekly editions, 44 weekly papers, and a population of 190,000 souls. Down to the year 1870, Colorado yielded gold to the value of 27,213,081 dollars; silver, 330,000 dollars; copper. 40,000. And up to 1878, it has yielded: gold 48,217,450 76 dol.; silver, 25,811,760 48