mind or body is as if you were dead for that period, make light of everything that is calculated to disturb equanimity, or cause physical annoyance, anticipate the time when unpleasant hours will pass away, and as soon as possible forget them. If you are rich, dole out charity in coppers, you will thereby win the regard of many, whereas by large gifts you fail to satisfy even a few. Are you obliged to struggle for a maintenance, think of those who have not the strength to do 80. You have no wall-enclosed garden with its flowers, miniature hills and lakes, but go and gaze on the cloudcapped mountain, and broad silvery lake, the umbrageous forest, and the wild flowers, and regard them as your own, make sure and enjoy them; enjoyment is everything. Emperors and ministers are absorbed in care, instead of the pursuit of pleasure. Men are wayfarers, and should make the best of the journey. He described modes of enjoyment for winter, spring, and autumn in the house and abroad. Gustators pleasure, or the modes of securing it, occupies several chapters. He is partial to the small muscles which move the under lips of sheep.' Wine and tea receive much attention from him. Water for infusing the tea-leaf should be boiled in a pewter kettle, and the infusion made in an unglazed pot, the nozzle of which should be short and straight, while that of the pot in which wine is heated should be long and curved. His instructions on the laying out of gardens are still authoritative, as well also his chapters on architecture and house ornamentation. The style of furniture, and its arrangement, are particularized, the adjustment of scrolls on the walls, lattice work, and the tasteful placing of bird cages, according to the plumage or song of those essentials of a well-furnished house. His æsthetic taste leads him to discourse on gentlemen's habiliments, not that dress constitutes a gentleman; so far from it, that such a being is nothing less than an outcome of at least three generations of refinement. He alludes to the nouveau riche rather cynicallyin their attire they appear either as the restless dressed-up show monkey, or as the ungainly fettered felon. If three generations are required for the development of a gentleman, a much larger period is requisite for the full evolution of a genuine lady. His views on women, and their accomplishments and adornments, occupy a large space in his writings, his object being mainly to act as a guide to gentlemen who are about to purchase subordinate wives. He lays much stress on the texture of the skin and the colour of the eyes. The iris must not be a dull, but a glistening black, and the white of the eyes must not be a dirty, but a pearly white. Character may readily be ascertained by the motion of the eyes, a sweet-tempered woman can be easily distinguished from a virago, by the expression of her visual organs. Next, dress and personal adornments are considered, these must accord with complexion and figure. Before the art of dressing tastefully, is the duty of being at all times cleanly and tidy, then cosmetics and perfumes are becoming. The fair must not wear black, nor brunettes light dresses. The tall and slender must pad a little, and the short and plump must compress a bit; the plaits or figures in the skirts of the former must be transverse, and in the latter perpendicular. If the face is round, the head ornaments must be placed over the forehead to give an oval figure, while the long-faced must place the head gear at the occiput. Flowers are the best ornaments, they should be pendent to wave with the motions of the head; white flowers are to be preferred, red ones to be eschewed, jessamine is most elegant. A flower should be partly concealed by leaves, in imitation of the moon, which appears most beautiful when slightly veiled by a fleecy cloud. The philosopher goes into rhapsodies about the feet of ladies whom he had met with in Ta-tung and in Lan-chau. The largest of those "golden lilies" being but three inches, and so flexible that their fair owners in running seemed actually to fly; in a chase, men could not overtake them. This account of the compressed feet of ladies in the

1 The poet Liang Chin-chu refers to the dainty of sheep under lips, in naming a banquet given at Yang chau towards the close of the Ming period by Mao Pi-chiang, an erudite Minister of State, and the Maecenas of his age. On that occasion, he invited scholars and statesmen from all parts of the empire, and sent for a famous lady-cook to superintend the preparations, giving her a carte-blanche. "If your excellency," she said, "desires a first-class entertainment, I must be furnished with five hundred sheep to begin with; if second-class, I must have three hundred sheep; if an inferior class, one hundred sheep will suffice." Minister Mao, deeming a first-class feast as foreshadowing an enormous outlay, and that an inferior class would be mean, steered midway and authorized the purchase of three hundred. On the day of the banquet the "lady-cook" came, attended with above a hundred "cook-ladies," and commenced by ordering the slaughtering of the animals, employing only the tiny mass of flesh which moves the under lip. Gormands, as well as scholars, would like to hear more concerning the sumptuous festivities of that great gathering of the élite of the empire, but further my authority recordeth not.

north-west was challenged by the aesthetic savans of Peking, whereupon Li Liung had one brought to Peking and exhibited, and thus confirmed his story. In treating of ladies' fingers, he is finically fastidious. Be they ever so beautiful in figure, countenance, or complexion, ladies are not to be endured if their fingers are short and stumpy, such digita touching guitar or flute are so repulsive that their music even jarred on his sensitive nature. Women's fingers should be long and slender, otherwise she is simply an abortion. He scouts the ancient and popular plea that education demoralizes women. He would have them cultivate poetry chiefly, and become proficient in music and dancing to ad to their graces. It detracts not a little from the merit of the philosopher that he advocates the education of the fair sex, not that they may be more happy themselves, or better educators of children, but solely that they may afford grat fication to their cultivated proprietors. He was an intellectual and physical voluptuary. Nothing is to be found in his writings incentive to works of beneficence or public utility, or patriotism. Self-denial for the good of others is a delusion, one's own enjoyment is the only object that one should have in life, yet in order that pleasure may be protracted, modera tion must be observed-solicitations to gratification are to te resisted, one's own inclination should be his sole guide. T secular philosopher wrote innumerable plays, which with h drawings, poetry, and miscellaneous writings brought his great wealth. His plays are not now often produced, parti because taste has deteriorated, and partly because of the decay of histrionic talent at Suchau. At his magnificent residence on the West Lake at Hangchow he used to enter tain the learned and the great, his own carefully selected and sedulously taught concubines being performers. S popular were his works and his drawings that block-cutters and printers in all the large cities sought to infringe h rights. This appears in one of his letters, of which he p lished above two hundred, and which are considered model of epistolatory style. While at Nanking, whence he had gone from his own city Hangchau, to prosecute piratag publishers, he heard that Suchau engravers were engad in cutting blocks for certain of his works. He then had to visit the latter city, where the Tautai issued a proclamat against the infringers of his right; when thus engaged, cutters at Hangchau brought out an edition of his works surreptitiously, and he writes, that he had addressed the Governor a petition and remonstrance on the subject, which was presented to that functionary by his son-in-law, himself an author, who obtained the redress prayed for. He then compares himself to a general who is compelled to fight at every point of the compass. To attempt now to get out of the trouble entailed by publishing, which he repents of having done at all, was as futile as an effort to bite his own chin In fighting with his publishers he evidently kept his phile sophy in abeyance. Ultimately, however, he succeeded in his conflict with book pirates, and ended his days in affluence acquired by his writings and drawings. His four children, «) two of each sex, were all writers of note. A modern post states that his tomb is situated in a delightful sylvan retreat near Hangchow.

In illustration of the remark that copyright is transmissible like other property, I would cite an example afforded in our time and in this city. A few years ago, foreigners often met an elderly gentleman whose inspiring mien and intellectual cast of countenance often attracted attention, the more par ticularly as, being a myope, he required to be led as if blind. This was Mr. Wang Hsueh-hsiang. He was a distinguished artist; his drawings affording him an income of a thousand taels a year. He was also an accomplished scholar, although his only publication was an annotated edition of the popular novel Red Chamber Dreams." Those who were acquainted with his subordinate wife, say that although far advanced in years, she was most comely; she also was an authoress, having published several volumes of poetry which are much admired. She was a Miss Ch'ao, the daughter of a chaiyi, a sort of bailiff at Suchau. As a child, she was precocious, and allowed to learn to read. When she became a young lady her knowledge of the classics and of literature generally was so extensive that the chief scholars of the Chinese Athens sought opportunities to hold discussion with her, always admiring her originality. As she was not betrothed in infancy she was able to signify her wishes respecting marriage, the sum of which was that she would wed only a man of letters-none other she felt could sympathise with her in her efforts to improve her mind. But this could not be well accomplished, the class to which her father belonged were official pariahs, none of whom to the second generation could aspire to office or attend the literary

2 王雪香

examinations, and the ambitious scholars, who condescended to visit his house, would scorn to accept as daughter-in-law the young lady, whom otherwise they admired. When she discovered that she must either be the wife of an illiterate unsympathizing and uncongenial man, or the concubine of a scholar, she chose the latter position. The gorgeous pomp and glittering circumstance of a wedding are denied to those who enter concubinage, and although the deprivation of these could not much affect a young lady like Miss Ch'ao, yet quitting the paternal roof to enter stealthily, as it were, the house of her lord, must have pained her sensitive mind; but good sense sustained her, and in our artist Wang Hsueh-hsiang. she found a husband who was worthy the love of a refined woman. Her volume of poetry promises to give her a high pace, in the long list of women authors of China.

Mrs. Wang left behind her an only child, a daughter, and her husband had no other offspring. The rebellion imporerished them, and he was defrauded of his copyright in The Red Chamber Dreams." The writings of his accomplished oncubine, however, contributed to their support, the copyright f which is now vested in her daughter, a widow lady, who is rerness to an arsenal official. A short time ago she was fered a royalty for the right of re-publishing her mother's ons, but the terms were not accepted. Before taking are of Mr. Wang, a notice of his caligraphic works seems imper. His scrolls always fetched good prices, but parcalarly his specimens of microscopic writing, as, for exmple, on a bit of spear-shaped ivory, the edges being flatened, having a superficies of 15 of a square inch, containing passage from the Lunyu of Confucius, comprising sixtyeven characters, having three hundred and eighty-nine trokes. It was written without the aid of a glass, with encil and ink prepared by the writer, when he was in his enty-sixth year. Specimens exist which he wrote in his rime, having more than twice that number of characters in he same space. In Canton, caligraphers sometimes write na grain of rice presenting a larger surface than Mr. Wang's y, numerous characters, the work of steady-handed ayopes.

An interesting copyright question was lately decided at Shanghai out of Court. The Author of a Diary of a Journey ound the World, Li Siao-Ch'ih, printed his attractive work n type which rendered it so costly that an enterprising ablisher cut it in blocks and published it at about half the ost of the author's edition. Mr. Li was not solicitous of recating the bibliopole for kleptomania, but allowed the 綠君詩稿.

1

A large lunacular microscope was kindly lent for the occasion by Mr. Percival. The passage reads:

子曰吾

子五三十十六七所乙月書房王十 而十而而十十欲亥二于烏朝六 吾志而不知而而不歲日印目忠 十於立或天耳從踰之牛月山年 有學四五命順心矩正刻山人七 冒辟疆

"Confucius said, 'At fifteen I had my mind bent on learning, at thirty I stood firm, at forty I had no doubt, at fifty I knew the decree of Heaven, at sixty my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth, at seventy I could follow what my heart desired without transgressing what was right.' Written by Wang Ch'ao Chung, of Warahshan, at the Moon-sealed Hill Mansion, at noon, on the 25th of the first month, 1874, in the seventy-sixth year of his age."

※李小池環遊地圖日記. He attended the

Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in an official capacity.

LITERARY

offender to compromise the matter by purchasing his stock, and thus virtually abandoning his right.

It is not the custom with Chinese authors to make arrangements with publishers, that being undignified. They have their books cut and printed on their own premises, and then sell them to the trade, usually at twice the cost of publication. Manuscript novels and other ephemeral books are sold to publishers, but in such a case neither author nor publisher can prosecute a printer for bringing out a rival edition. In practice, the non-limitation of copyright period is of no great value. It is rare, indeed, either through the decadence of families or cessation of demand for the most popular work, that the sixty years for which Talfourd contended in the British Legislature in his controversy with Macaulay, is availed of by Chinese copyright holders.

The Chinese literati write professedly for fame, scorning the imputation of seeking gain as an incentive, and they will have no haggling with those who make a trade of literature. No writer, however poor, who produces a work of merit, fails to secure a patron. Men high in office, or possessed of affluence, are always to be found who will defray the cost of printing for the honour thereof, leaving all the pecuniary advantage to the author. In view of the absence of periodicals for advertising, and the imperfect means of transportation, it is remarkable how soon information respecting new issues from the press becomes known, and how easily they are procured. Booksellers throughout the empire maintain frequent communication, and send by post to every province through the same channel. They also receiving in the same way the proceeds of all sales. On receipt of a new work, they announce it on the walls of their stores, and send copies for inspection to their regular customers.

Among the subjects which this new era brings to the consideration of Chinese statesmen, that of international copyright may be included.

Cheng Ch'eng-chai, a resident of Ningpo, as an artist, earns a comfortable subsistence. He is also a poet, and has lately published several hundred of his choice pictures, each of which is accompanied by stanzas. These volumes are the fruit of a life of toil, and there is some prospect of his literary harvest being blighted by the appearance of his work at four dollars a set-the author's charge being eight dollars. The pirated copies come from Japan. From this unexpected quarter the staff on which he hoped to support his declining years is shivered. Let us hope that the proper authorities will at once interdict the importation into China of pirated editions of its scholars and artists. Li Hung-chang has recently extended extraordinary courtesy to a Japanese author, writing a very flattering preface to a work of poetry on life and travel in China, and expressing the most cordial sympathy for Japanese scholars. No doubt that under the auspices of the Grand Secretary a convention with Japan might be held on the subject of international copyright, which would promote enlightenment in both empires. In Japan, the rights of authors are regarded in the same light as in China, but as a licence must first be obtained before a book can be published, the prevention of copyright infringements is more facile there than in China. It is well known that the Japanese Government have long been maturing a copyright law, and the time is favourable therefore for these two empires to concert measures for increasing the security of literary property. An object which a large portion of my countrymen are solicitous of obtaining for British authors, and the interest also of American scholarship.

*陳釼齋畫

*竹添漸卿棧雲峡雨日記.

6 Procured at the which publishes an annual list of books that it licenses.

THE CODE OF MANU.-Professor Julius Jolly, of Würzburg, is engaged in preparing a critical new edition of the Code of Manu. It will be based on a collation of the best available MSS. of the text, and of the Commentaries of Mechatithi, Govindaraja, Nârâyana, Raghavananda, and Kalluka. Copious extracts from the first four Commentaries will be given in a separate volume. The recovery of the important old Commentaries of Govindaraja and Nârâyana is dus to Prof. Bühler; they are among the MSS. purchased by him for the Bombay Government in 1879. The detailed Commentary of Medhâtithi, which is probably the most

though long since known to Sanskrit scholars, have not been much used. All the hitherto published editions and translations of the Code of Manu are mainly or entirely based on the gloss of so modern an author as Kullûkabhaṭṭa. The first fasciculus of Prof. Jolly's critical edition of the Vishnusmriti, together with extracts from the Commentary of Nandapandita, in the Bibliotheca Indica, will soon be ready.

THE BIKANER SANSKRIT MANUSCRIPTS. We have received a large volume of 757 pages, compiled by Rajendralála Mitra, LL.D., C.I.E., etc., being a catalogue of Sanskrit

Bikáner, published under the orders of the Government of India. This catalogue consists of the materials collected by Harischandra Sástri, and was mentioned by Dr. Bühler, in 1874, in the report of his tour in search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in Rajputana as a list and abstract of contents of about 1200 works, many well-known and unimportant, as well as many rare ones. The Editor, Rajendralála Mitra, has made the best use he can of Harischandra's Manuscript, and in all cases of rare unprinted works has given an abstract of their contents.

THE HUTH LIBRARY. - The Rev. Dr. A. B. Grosart, Brooklyn House, Blackburn, Lancashire, has issued his prospectus of the reprints of early English books to be called "The Huth Library." They will be mostly Elizabethan and Jacobean books which are very rare, both in verse and prose, the originals of which are most of them in the library of the late Henry Huth, Esq., and the use of which, for reprinting purposes, his son, Alfred H. Huth, Esq., has placed at the disposal of the Rev. Dr. Grosart. The series will be complete in 35 volumes, and will include the works of Robert Greene, Thomas Nash, Gabriel Harvey, George Whetstone, Thomas Dekker, Sir Philip Sidney (prose), Sir Thomas Hoby, and three volumes of minor authors.

PARACELSUS.-We have received a catalogue of a very rare and curious collection of the different editions of the works of Theophrastus Bombastus Paracelsus, together with several hundred commentaries and translations, collected during fifty years by Dr. Constantine Hering, which his executors wish to sell undivided or not at all. This would be a valuable collection for a medical library not possessing a complete Paracelsiana, and we should suppose there are very few that do.

SELECTIONS FROM THE CALCUTTA REVIEW.-The first and second parts of these Selections, dated respectively February and March, 1881. are now ready. The first number contains three articles by Sir John Kaye, and one by the Rev. Thomas Smith, and the second number, one by Sir John Kaye and one by Sir Henry Lawrence.

CHIPS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE.-This is the title of a very interesting collection of the most important sayings, speeches, and correspondence of the Presidents of the United States. The selections range from aphorisms to essays. Of the character of the former the following selection will give our readers an idea: John Adams says, "Genius is oftener an instrument of divine vengeance than a guardian angel;" "Wise statesmen, like able artists of every kind, study nature, and their works are perfect in proportion as they conform to her laws; Jefferson, "An honest heart being the first blessing, a knowing head is the second; "The man who fights for the country is entitled to vote; Madison, "Justice is the end of government;' "The union of the States is strengthened by every occasion which puts it to the test; Jackson, "There are no necessary evils in government. Its evils exist only in abuses; No man is good enough to govern another man without that other's consent; "There are two principles that have stood face to face from the beginning of time, and will ever continue to struggle the one is the common right of humanity, and the other is the divine right of things." The contents are chronologically arranged, the names of the different presidents following each other in consecutive order from Washington to Garfield. Each chapter is prefaced by a brief synopsis of the life and services of its subject, and most of the extracts are dated, with brief explanations of the circumstances under which they were written. The work, in fact, is a handbook from which the reader may learn more of the real characters of the men who form the subject of its contents than from any single volume of which we have knowledge. The compilation has been judiciously made and arranged, not only showing the political opinions of the chief magistrates of the United States, but their social and domestic characteristics. It is a handsome volume of 500 pages, with a copious index, edited by Jeremiah Chaplin, and published by D. Lothrop & Co., of Boston, Massachusetts.

:

HISTORY OF AMERICA, NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL, WITH BIBLIOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE ESSAYS ON ITS HISTORICAL SOURCES AND AUTHORITIES. Messrs. James R. Osgood & Co. propose to publish a series of Co-operative Monographs on American history, which shall constitute an extensive work, with the above title, with portraits, views, maps, autographs, and other matter of an elucidatory character. There will be eight volumes in all, each of about six hundred pages. Each volume will be a complete monograph, while the succession of volumes will constitute one homogeneous work. The issues, however, will not necessarily be in a chronological order, and the various chapters will be

assigned to specialists, who have already acquired reputation in the several departments. The work will be under the editorial supervision of Mr. Justin Winsor, Librarian of Harvard University, with an advising Committee of the Massachusetts Historical Society, consisting of the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, LL.D., its President; the Rev. George E. Ellis, D.D., its Vice-President; Charles Deane, LL.D., its Corresponding Secretary; Francis Parkman, LL.D., the Historian of France and England in North America; and Henry W. Torrey, LL.D., Professor of History in Harvard University. Arrangements for co-operation will be made with other principal Historical and Antiquarian Societies in America. The chapters, as a rule, will have two parts:First, an Historical Narrative, not in great detail, but sufficiently full for ordinary use, and serving as a text for the essay which is to follow. Second, a Critical Essay, which is to be the distinctive literary feature of the plan, and to be of a character quite new in works of an historical nature; and will, it is believed, make the work peculiarly attractive to scholars and studious persons, and an incentive to most readers. It will describe the original sources of the preceding narrative,-manuscripts, monuments, archæological remains, with accounts of their discovery, their transmission to later times, their vicissitudes, as well as the places, libraries, museums, etc., where they are to be found or are preserved; the character and lives of those who have dis covered, gathered, and made use of them for historical results; the writers, contemporary, early and late, who have become authorities on the several subjects, with their opper tunities and fitness for the study of them; their relation the knowledge of the subject; societies formed for the furthering of these studies, and finally, a critical statement of existing knowledge and of the conditions, favourable a unfavourable, to further advance in our knowledge. Foot-1 notes will be sparingly used in the historical narrative; bat in the essay, such bibliographical detail as may be both necessary and dry will be allowed to interrupt the general interest of the text as little as possible, and be thrown int foot-notes. Vol. III. will be the first published, and it intended to have it ready late in 1882, and to issue thereafte a volume each spring and fall until the work is complete -Vol. I. America before Columbus. With Bibliographica and Descriptive Essays on Historical Sources and Authorities. -Vol. II. Spanish Discoveries and Conquests in America. With Bibliographical and Descriptive Essays on Historical a Sources and Authorities-Vol. III. English Discoveries and Settlements in America, and their relations to those of cther Europeans on the Continent. With Bibliographical and Descriptive Essays on Historical Sources and Authorities.Vol. IV. The French in North America, in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. With Bibliographical and Descrip tive Essays on Historical Sources and Authorities.-Vol. V. The French and English in North America, from the time of the English Revolution to the Peace of Paris in 1763. With | Bibliographical and Descriptive Essays, etc -Vol. VI. The American Revolution, 1763-1783. With Bibliographical and Descriptive Essays, etc. - Vol. VII. The United States, 1783-1850. With Bibliographical and Descriptive Essays, etc.-Vol. VIII. The American Outgrowths of Continental Europe, Dependent and Independent, in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. With Bibliographical and Descriptive Essays, etc. Trübner & Co. receive subscribers' names.

THE LARGEST PRINTING OFFICE IN THE WORLD.-The History of the Government Printing Office (at Washington, D.C.), embracing many Interesting Incidents and Events in the Workings of this Great Establishment, with numeroas Illustrations. 8vo., about 125 to 150 pages, will be issued shortly, by subscription only. The Contents are:-Chapter I. -1. Brief History of Public Printing from 1789 to 1881; 2, Superintendents of Public Printing from 1852 to 1881; 3. Chief Clerks from 1852 to 1881; 4. Foremen and Assistant Foremea of Printing and Binding from 1861 to 1881; 5. Present Organization of the Office; 6. Duties of the Public Printer. etc.-Chapter II. The Printing Department: 1. The Document Room; 2. The Job Room; 3. The Press Room; 4. The Patent Office Specification Room; 5. The Folding Room: 6. The Congressional Record Room, with a brief allusion to the early publication of the Debates of Congress; 7. The Branch Office in the Treasury Department Building; 8. Other Branch Offices-Chapter III. The Stereotyping and Electrotyping Department. Chapter IV. The Binding Depart ment: 1. The Ruling Room; 2. The Sewing Room; 3. The Forwarding Room; 4. The Finishing Room; 5. Branch Binderies. Chapter V. 1. The Machine and Carpenter Shops; 2. The Vault for Stereotype Plates: 3. Paper Ware house; 4. Warehouse for Binders' Materials, etc., etc.Appendix-1. Alphabetical List of Employés at date of

Publication; 2. All Laws relating to Public Printing up to the close of the 46th Congress. The manuscript has been prepared with great care; the very best sources of information consulted; the most interesting features of the establishment described, and everything possible done to make the book readable and reliable. Parties desiring copies of this work should address, without delay, R. W. Kerr, Government Printing Office, or Trübner & Co., 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill, London.

BOTANICAL COLLECTOR'S HANDBOOK-Mr. George A. Bates, of Salem, Mass., proposes to publish a work under this title by W. W. Bailey, B.P., Instructor in Botany and Carator of the Herbarium in Brown University, Providence, R.I. He says:-No good book on the subject has as yet appeared in this country, and it is at the suggestion of a number of our leading botanists that we undertake the present venture. Mr. Bailey will receive the hearty cooperation of Prof. D. C. Eaton of Yale College, Prof. John Robinson of Salem, Mass., Prof. W. G. Farlow of Harvard University, Prof. C. R. Barnes of Lafayette, Indiana, and other distinguished collectors. Some of these will give full details of processes in their special departments. It is intended to make the book a real and trustworthy guide. It will embrace the following subjects:- Some account of botanical excursions, their uses, and methods. A description of the collector's outfit. Field-work; how performed. Closet-work and care of herbarium. Correspondence and exchanges. Some account of public herbaria and museums of vegetable products. Apparatus will be fully illustrated. SOUTHERN MISSOURI - ITS ARCHEOLOGICAL REMAINS AND ANCIENT POTTERY. - Prof. W. B. Potter and Dr. Elw. Evers are engaged on an important contribution to the archaeology of North America, under the above title. It is to consist of one royal quarto volume of 70 pages and 29 full page lithographic plates; embracing maps of the locality treated of, showing the present aspect of the country and the various indications of geological changes which have taken place since the opening of the Tertiary period, and fine drawings of the pottery exhumed from the mounds excavated during the course of investigations, the result of which the volume records. A full and comprehensive description of the mounds is given, including accurate measurements, surface markings, and all peculiarities of form and situation. In describing specimens found, only such as are of authentic value have been used. The locality treated of in this work is one of the most interesting thus far explored, and the results of the excavations here made are among the most valuable yet published. The work represents the combined labour of Prof. Potter and Dr. Evers, who have given mach time to the study of archaeological remains in the Mississippi Valley, and it is published under the auspices of the Archæological Section of the St. Louis Academy of Science, of which they are members. Mr. Geo. A. Bates, Salem, Mass., will publish the volume.

PRIMITIVE INDUSTRY OF THE NATIVE RACES OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC COAST.-Mr. G. A. Bates, of Salem, announces an important work on Archæology: "Primitive Industry; or Illustrations of the Handiwork in Stone, Bone, and Clay, of the Native Races of the Northern Atlantic Seaboard of America." by Charles C. Abbot, M.D. This volume will be the result of many years of constant labour, in collecting and studying the various forms of stone and bone implements made and used by the tribes of Indians once Occupying that portion of America extending from Maine to Maryland. It embodies an exhaustive discussion of the geological age of the implement-bearing gravels of the Delaware River, in relation to the antiquity of Man in North America. Dr. Abbott has long held a position in the front rank of archæological investigators, and intends making this volume the standard work on the subject. It will consist of about 400 pages, with over 400 illustrations, royal octavo, about 15s. Subscribers' names are received by Mr. Geo. Bates, Salem, Mass., or by Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill, London.

SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.- Mr. Wm. H. Farrington (with Mr. D. Van Nostrand), of New York, delivered a lecture on "Scientific Books" before the Polytechnic Club of the American Institute, on February 24th, 1881. A full report of this lecture will be found in the Engineering News of March 19th, 1881. We know of no one better able to descant on what have now become as necessary tools to the man of science as those of a mechanical construction. Mr. Farrington pointed out that scientific books, except college textbooks, must necessarily be dearer than other classes of books,

EDUCATION.-ONTARIO.-A very important special report on the Ontario Educational Exhibit and the Educational features of the International Exhibition of Philadelphia, 1876, was made by J. George Hodgins, LL.D., DeputyMinister to the Hon. Minister of Education, Toronto. This Report, although now four years old, is interesting as showing the comparative status in educational machinery and appliances of the various countries which exhibited at the Centennial. We are not aware that any other attempt has been made to place the information contained in this Report before the public, and the Hon. Ministers of Education of the Province of Ontario deserve particular credit for their enterprise.

APPLETON'S SCHOOL READERS.-Messrs. D. Appleton and Co., of New York, have issued a series of five School Readers, by Messrs. Harris, Rickoff, and Bailey. These Readers are thoroughly practical, and we should think the very best that could be made until a reformed spelling is adopted. The typography, illustrations and binding leave nothing to be desired in making the books attractive to the learner, and are a marked contrast to the elementary books of our early days. We understand these Readers, although just brought out, are gaining rapidly in favour with the public; it does not surprise us that there should be an increasing demand for them, as they need only be seen to be appreciated.

THE ABORIGINES OF NORTH AMERICA.-The Bureau of Ethnology, recently instituted by the U.S. Government under the control of the Smithsonian Institution, have lately issued several notable works, some of which are already out of print and difficult to obtain. Amongst them we may mention Mallery's Sign Language of the North American Indians," Yarrow's Introduction to the Study of their Mortuary Customs," and "Powell's Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages." This latter contains a blank vocabulary for filling in Indian equivalents for English words somewhat on the plan of those printed by Mr. Bellows, of Gloucester, at the suggestion of Professor Max Müller.

UNCLE REMUS.-A very interesting contribution to the literature describing negro life manners, customs, and folklore in the Southern States before the civil war, will be found in Uncle Remus, by Joel C. Harris, with illustrations by F. Church and J. Moser. The original American edition was published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., but it has since been reproduced in London.

LIBRARY MATTERS.-The Thirty-Fifth Annual Report of the St. Louis Mercantile Library Association shows that works in the higher classes of literature obtain more readers than formerly, though fiction, as in all other libraries, still obtains the majority of readers. The number of volumes issued in 1880 was 133,148, against 119,997 in 1879.-The Mercantile Library Association of San Francisco has issued its TwentyEighth Annual Report for 1880, and from it we find there is a falling off in the paying membership by 153, and a diminished circulation of over 12,000 volumes. This the Directors attribute to the circulation of the cheap reprints of Harper, Funk, and others which are issued at 10 and 15 cents. The Trustees of the Astor Library have issued their Thirty-Second Annual Report; there has been a falling off in the number of general readers compared with two or three previous years, but a steady general advance for a series of years. The whole number of volumes in the Library on the 31st of December, 1880, was 192,547. The continuation of Dr. Cogswell's Alphabetical Catalogue, to the end of 1880, from the close of 1860, is well advanced. The Library will be closed for about twelve months to allow of enlargements on the land to the north of the present site, which has been presented by Mr. Astor.

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THE RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA.-Mr. John S. Hittell has issued a seventh edition of his "Resources of California.' In his preface he says that " Since May, 1874, when his sixth edition appeared, the population has increased nearly onethird, and the wealth in a larger ratio; the length of the railroads has doubled." In the eleven pages added to the book, Mr. Hittell has compressed a large amount of information of the progress made by the Golden State since 1874. Mr. Hittell estimates the population of California at 900,000, of which 300,000 are to be found in San Francisco and its suburbs.

GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. Prof. F. V. Hayden, Geologist-in-charge.The Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 4, September, 1880, contains a third instalment of American Ornithological Bibliography,

Mr. Moses

THE BACK BAY DISTRICT, BOSTON, MASS. King, Editor of the Harvard Register, "King's Handbook of Boston," and " Harvard and its Surroundings," has just issued the Back Bay District, and the Vendome, Boston." It is a foolscap quarto of 32 pages, and forms an attractive addition to the list of American illustrated guide-books, now such popular favourites on English drawing-room tables.

THE AGRICULTURE OF VIRGINIA.-The Fourth Annual Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture of Virginia, the Hon. Thomas Pollard, dated December 1st, 1880, has reached us. Intending settlers in that State will find some useful information in this report, and we should think it would be well if the State Government placed a few on sale in England at a nominal price.

AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. Bulletin No. 2, 1880, contains: "The Bad Lands of Wyoming," by Prof. Jno. B. M Master; "A Journey Round the World," by B. R. Curtis, Esq.; and "Arctic Exploration," by the Rev. B. F. De Costa. This latter article treats mostly of ancient Arctic explorations, the only allusion to modern times being made at the end, where the author says, "With prudence and perseverance the dream of the Middle Ages will be realized, and the American Flag will be planted at the Pole."

LIFE ON THE SEA-SHORE.-Under this title Mr. James H. Emerton has issued "A New Book for the Sea-Side, or the Marine Animals of Coasts and Bays of the United States." A carefully prepared and illustrated work on the Seaside Zoology of the United States has long been needed, though very few such books have been offered to the American public, and students have been obliged to depend on the numerous popular works on the subject, which have appeared from time to time in England. Mr. Emerton, in the present volume, has aimed to meet not only the wants of the student by making it scientifically accurate, but also to keep in mind the needs of a large class of readers, not familiar with zoological methods, by thoroughly illustrating the work, and avoiding, as far as possible, technicalities. Nearly all the figures are from drawings made from nature by the author, and will appear for the first time in this work. The book consists of 143 pages, and contains:-1. An account of the most common animals which live on the shore between tides and within reach at low water; 2. The animals which swim or float at the surface; 3. The animals found on the bottom, down to a depth of ten to twenty fathoms along the northern coast, and the methods of dredging for and examining them. This work will constitute the first volume of a series, The Naturalists' Handy Series. Mr. George A. Bates, Naturalists' Bureau, Salem, Mass., is the publisher, and Trübner & Co. are the London agents.

NEBRASKA UNIVERSITY.-We have received the Ninth Annual Register and Catalogue of the University of Nebraska, dated October, 1880. The University is to consist of five branches, but at present only two are fully organized, viz.

a College of Literature, Science and Arts, and an Industrial College, embracing Agriculture, Practical Science. Civil Engineering and the Mechanical Arts. The advantages of this University are offered free of charge for tuition to all without regard to sex, race, or place of residence, on condition of their possessing the intellectual and moral qualifications requisite for admission to such an institution.

VALUABLE COOKING RECEIPTS.-We are indebted to the United States for many valuable cook-books, but the latest arrival is one that seems portable and reliable, by Mr. Thomas J. Murrey, late Caterer to the Astor House and Rossmore Hotel of New York, and the Continental Hotel of Phila. delphia. The author guarantees all his receipts to have been personally tested, and can be implicitly relied on, and he has adopted his formula to the wants of the most moderate means, and at the same time without sacrificing the delicate and appetizing flavours found in the dishes of the leading restaurants. The book is well supplied with directions fr cooking vegetables, as well as for preparing those health. appetizers, salads. We recommend Mr. Murrey's book as at excellent supplement to existing cook-books.

VICTORIA. Reports of the Mining Surveyors and Regis trars, for the quarter ending December 31st, 1880, give the total quantity of gold from alluvium and quartz reefs as 228,628 oz. 9 dwt.. the quantity of gold the produce of the colony exported 69.390 oz. 6 dwt., and the total weight of bullion issued from the Royal Mint of Victoria as 488,660

EDUCATION IN THE U.S.A.-The Hon. John Eaton, Commissioner of Education, has issued his report on education for 1878. It contains above 700 pages, and seems to be an exhaustive account of the present state of education in the United States, besides containing very much of interest in connection with the state of education in foreign countries, The Commissioner advises that the whole or a certain amont of the funds received from the sale of public lands be put on one side, the interest to be divided pro rata amongst the States and Territories to find a means to educate the large number of children growing up in ignorance on account of the impoverished condition of many parts of the country There is no doubt that the cost of the civil war to a large extent upset the equilibrium of the existing educational machinery, and its close threw a great many more pupils int the schools than it was ever contemplated they would receive at the time of their endowment; a state of things they have not even now recovered from. The latest "Circulars of Information" issued by the Bureau are Nos. 4 and 5 f 1880; the former treats of Rural School Architecture, with illnstrations, and the latter on English Rural Schools.

BOOKS RECEIVED.-The Servant Girl Question, by Mrs. H. P. Spofford.-Pearls of Thought, selected by M. M. Ballo -Friends Worth Knowing, by E. Ingersoll-Schiller, by J. Scherr.-Under the Olive, by Mrs. A. Fields.-Ballads and other Verses, by J. T. Fields.-On the Threshold, by T. T. Munger. What is a Bank, by E., Atkinson.

FIELDS.-We regret to have to announce the death of Mr. James T. Fields, of Boston, Mass., of heart disease, on Sunday, April 24th. He was born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on December 31st, 1817. He was a man who exhibited literary tastes early in life; in his 18th year he delivered an anniversary poem before the Mercantile Library Association of Boston, and in 1818 read a poem, "The Post of Honour," before this same Association. In 1849, after his return from Europe, he published a volume of poems, and in 1854, a similar volume for private distribution. A Few Verses for a Few Friends" appeared in 1858. "6 Underbrush," a collection of conversational discourses, personal recollections of persons he had met with, and books he had read, appeared in 1877; but perhaps his best known work is "Yesterdays with Authors," which the New York Tribune said "possesses an interest no less enticing than the naïve recitals of Boswell, or the pleasant recollections of Crabbe Robinson." In 1858 he was made an A.M. of Harvard University, in recognition of his literary merits. He was for many years a member of the firm of Ticknor, Fields & Co., afterwards Fields, Osgood & Co., and during that time he collected and edited De Quincey's Writings, in 20 vols., and was editor of the Atlantic Monthly (1862-1870). At the time of his death he was editing a series, entitled,

American Men and Women of Letters," for the firm of Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. MARIETTE.-Auguste Edouard Mariette, commonly known as Mariette Bey, has just died in his sixtieth year.

He was

born at Boulogne, where he was educated, and began life as a teacher of grammar in the same institution in which he was educated. He taught himself hieroglyphics, and in 1848 got an appointment in the Egyptian Museum at the Louvre. He was sent to Egypt in 1850 to search for Coptic manuscripts in the monasteries of Egypt, but his expedition ended in his discovering the site of the Serapeum at ancient Memphis, the temple dedicated to the worship of the sacred Bull Apis, and the tombs in which the Bulls were buried. He received from the Khedive the title of Bey, and was appointed Conservator of Egyptian Monuments, and Chief of the Museum at Boulak, which museum he so arranged and catalogued that a student of Egyptian history has it brought before him topographically and in chronological sequence. There is no doubt that to Mariette Boy Egypt owes a debt of gratitude for the preservation and conservation of the many antiquities which were being rapidly absorbed by foreign countries. A translation of his well-known work, "Itinéraire de la Haute Egypte," under the title of the Monuments of Upper Egypt, was published by Messrs. Trübner & Co. in 1877.

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SPEDDING.-On March 11th, Mr. James Spedding, one the editors of the Philosophical, Literary, and Professional Works of Francis Bacon Lord Verulam, died from injuries received through being run over by a cab. The "Account of the Life and Times of Francis Bacon, extracted from the edition of his Occasional Writings by James Spedding,! London, Trübner & Co., is probably the best account of Lord Bacon extant.