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BIBLIOTHECA

Surya-Siddhanta, with its Commentary, the Gudharthapra-
kasaka. Edited by Dr. F. E. Hall, with the assistance of
Pandit Deva Sastri. Complete in 4 Fasc
Surya-Siddhanta Translated by Pandita Bápú Deva Şástrí.
Complete in 1 Fasc.

Taittiriya, Aittaréya and the Swétaswatara Upanishads, with
the Commentary of Sankara Acharya, and the Gloss of
Ananda Giri. Edited by Dr. E. Röer. Complete in 3 Fasc.
Taittiriya, Aitaréya, Svetasvatara, Kena, Isa, Katha, Prasna,
Mundaka, and Mandukya Upanishads. Translated by Dr.
E. Koer. 2 Fasc.

INDICA-Continued.

PERSIAN WORKS.

Ain-i-Akbari By Abul آئين اكبري تصنيف ابو الفضل

Fazl i Mubárik i Allámí. Edited by H. Blochmann,
M.A. Fasc. 1 to 22. With Plates. 4to.

Ain-i-Akbarí of Abul Fazl i Mubárik i’Allámí. Translated
from the Persian, by H. Blochmann. Fasc. 1 to 7. With
16 Plates. Roy. 8vo.

Akbar Namah. By Abul Fazl i Mubárak i Allámí, edited by
Maulawi 'Abd Ur-Rahim. 4to. Vol. I. 8 Fasc. Vol. II.
Fasc. 1 to 3.

Alamgir Namah, by Muhammad Kazim Ibn-i عالمكير نامه

Taittiriya Aranyaka of the Black Yajur Veda. Edited by
Babu Rajendralála Mitra. Complete in 11 Fasc.
Taittiriya Brahmana of the Black Yajur Veda, with the
Commentary of Sayana. Edited by Bábu Rájendralála
Mitra. Published 24 Fasc.

Taittiriya Pratisakhya, with the Commentary entitled the
Tribháshyaratna. Edited by Rajendralála Mitra. Com-
plete in 3 Fase.

Tandya Mahábrahmana, with the Commentary of Sayana
Achárvva. Edited by Anandachandra Vedantavágisá.

Complete in 19 Fase.

Uttara Naishadha Charita, by Sri Harsha, with Commentary.
Edited by Dr. E. Röer. Complete in 12 Fasc.
Vaiseshika Darsana, with the Commentaries of Sankara Misra,
etc. Edited by Pandita Jayanarayana Tarkapaṇchánana.
Complete in 5 Fasc.

Vasavadattá, by Subandhu, with its Commentary entitled
Darpana. Edited by Professor F. E. Hall, M.Ă. Com-
plete in 3 Fasc.

Varu Purana, The, A system of Hindu Mythology and Tra-
dition, edited by Rajendralala Mitra. Fasc. 1 to 7.
Vedanta Sutras or Aphorisms of the Vedanta, with the Com-
mentary of Sankara and the Gloss of Ananda Giri. Edited
by Pandita Rámanarayana Vidyaratna. Complete in 13
Fasc.

ARABIC WORKS.

Arabic Bibliography. Edited by Dr. A. Sprenger. Fasc. 1

Muhammad Amin Munshí. Edited by Maulawis Khadim
Husain and Abd-al Hai. Under the superintendence of
W. N. Lees. Complete in 12 Fasc.

Index of Names of Persons and Geographical Names occurring
in the Alamgir Námah, by Maulawi Abdulhay.
all Badshah Námah. By Abd-al-Hamíd Láhawrí.
Edited by Mawlawis Kabir-al-dín Ahmad and Abdal-
Rahim. Under the superintendence of W. N. Lees. Com-
plete in 18 Fase.

Index of Names of Persons, and Geographical Names occur-
ring in the Badshah Námah, by Maulavi Abdur Rahim.

-Farhang i Raschidi, by Mulla 'Abdur فرهنگ رشيدي

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A Dictionary of the کتاب کشاف اصطلاحات الفنون

Technical Terms used in the Sciences of the Musulmans. Edited by Mawlawies Mohammad Wajyh, 'Abd al-Haqq, and Gholám Kadir, and Dr. A. Sprenger. 4to. Complete in 20 Fasc.

Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad.

Khirad-Namahe Iskandary, also called Sikandar- Namahe
Bahry. By Nizámy. Edited by Dr. A. Sprenger and
Aga Muhammed Shustarí. Published 1 Fasc. Royal 8vo.

مأثر عالمگيري

By Ibn Hajar. Edited by Mawlawies Mohammad Wajyh, Maásir i 'Alamgiri of Muhammad Saqi
Abd al-Haqq, Gholam Qadir, and Dr. A. Sprenger. Vol.
I. 12 Fase. Vol. II. Fasc. 1 to 5. Vol. III. Fasc. 1.
Vol. IV. Fasc. 1 to 10.

.Futuhul Sham فتوح الشام المنسوب الى الواقدي

Musta'idd Khán. Edited by Maulawi Aghá Ahmad 'Alí.
Complete in 6 Fasc.

chill co Muntakhab Al-Lubab of Khái Khán
Edited by Maulaví Kabir-al-dín Ahmad. Complete in 19 Fasc.

منتخب التوار

The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Aboo 'Abd
Allah Mohammad B. 'Omar Al-Waqidi. Edited, with Muntakhab Al-Tawarikh of Abd Al-
Notes, by W. N. Lees. Complete in 9 Fasc.

Al Maghâzí. History of Muhammad's Campaigns, by Aboo 'Abd Ollah Mohammad 'Bin Omar Al-Wakidy. Ed. by Alfred von Kremer. Complete in 5 Fasc.

Qadir Bin i Maluk Shah Al-Badaoni. Edited by Capt. W. N. Lees and Maulaví Ahmad 'Ali. Complete in 15 Fasc. &li Sikandar Námah i Bahri, by Nizámí. Edited by Maulawi Agha Ahmad 'Ali. Complete in 2 Fasc.

Tabaqat-i Nasirt of Aboo Omar Minhaj طبقات ناصري Nokhbat-al Fikr and نخنة الفكر مع شرحها نزهة النظر

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al-Din Othman, Ibn Siraj al-Din Al-Jawzjani. Edited by Capt. W. N. Lees, Maulawis Khadim Hosain, and Abd Al-Hai. Complete in 5 Fasc.

Tabakât-i-Nâşirî of Minhâj-i-Sarâj, Abû 'Umr-i-'Uşmân, son of Muhammad-i-Minhâj, al Jurjânî. Translated from the Persian by Major H. G. Raverty. Fasc. 1 to 10.

Táríkh-i Baihakí, containing the Life of Masaud, son of Sultan Mahmud, of Ghaznin. Edited by W. H. Morley, and printed under the supervision of Capt. W. N. Lees. Complete in 9 Fasc.

Tarikh-i Firaz-Shahi of Zia'al Din تاریخ فیروز شاهی -Tusy's List of Shy'ah Books, and Alam Al فهرس الطسي

Hoda's Notes on Shy'ah Biography. Edited by Dr. A.
Sprenger, Mawlawy 'Abd Al-Haqq, and Gholam Qadir.
Complete in 4 Fasc. Royal 8vo.

الشام

Barni, commonly called Zia 'i Barni. Edited by Saiyid
Ahmad Khan, Capt. W. N. Lees, and Mawlawi Kabir Al-
Din. Complete in 7 Fasc.

The Fotooh Al-Sham, being an Account of, Wís o Rámín. An ancient Persian Poem,

the Moslim Conquests in Syria. By Aboo Asma'il Mohammed bin Abdallah Alazdi Al-Baçri. Edited by Capt. W. N. Lees. Complete in 4 Fasc.

by Fakr al-Din, As'ad Al-Astarabadi, Al Fakhri, Al Gurgani. Edited by Capt. W. N. Lees, and Munshi Ahmad Alí. Complete in 5 Fasc.

NOW READY.

Crown 8vo. limp cloth, pp. vi. and 130, with Portrait. Price 2s. 6d.

The Life and Public Services of James A. Garfield,

TWENTIETH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.

By Captain F. H. MASON, 42nd Regiment, U.S.A.
With a Preface by BRET HARTE.

"As student, teacher, preacher, soldier, lawyer, politician, he has evidently acquired a reputation for sincerity and disinterestedness, and we hope that his record as president will place the crown upon an honourable, varied, and thoroughly American career."-Daily Telegraph.

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PREFACE TO THE ORIGINAL EDITION, 1855.

This powerful essay on the future of American Poetry is the key-note to Whitman's own writings. It was printed as a preface to the first edition of "Leaves of Grass" in 1855, but has been omitted from all later editions, excepting a volume of Selections, edited by Mr. Rosetti, which is now out of print. At the suggestion of the late Mr. Thomas Dixon, of Sunderland, and by the permission of the Author, this Essay is reprinted.

The edition is limited to 500 copies-a large number of which are already subscribed for. A few copies have been printed on large paper, price 4s. LONDON: TRÜBNER & CO., 57 AND 59, LUDGATE HILL.

BLADES.

NEW

BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.
PUBLISHED BY TRÜBNER & CO.

MARCH, APRIL, 1881.

-THE ENEMIES OF Books. By William Blades. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. parchment wrapper, pp. xiii. and 114. With seven Plates. Price 5s. CROSLAND.-PITH ESSAYS AND SKETCHES GRAVE AND GAY, with some Verses and Illustrations. By Newton Crosland. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 309. Price 55. EGGERS. SOLUTION OF THE SILVER QUESTION through the Medium of a Universal Silver Dollar of 25 Grammes 0,900 fine; and Draught of a Law concerning the Coinage of such a Dollar submitted to the German Federal Council. By Aug. Eggers. 8vo. paper, pp. 21. Price Is. EYTON. DOMESDAY STUDIES: AN ANALYSIS AND DIGEST OF THE STAFFORDSHIRE SURVEY. Treating of the Mensuration, Technicalities, Phraseology, and Method of Domesday, in its Relation to Staffordshire, and to other Counties of the same Circuit, with Tables and Notes Reproducing the Main Features of the Domesday Survey of the County, and comparing the same with existing Conditions. By the Rev. Robert W. Eyton, late Rector of Ryton, Salop. 4to. cloth, pp. vii. and 135. Price £115.

DICKSON.WHO WAS SCOTLAND'S FIRST PRINTER? Ane Compendious and breue Tractate, in Commendation of Androw Myllar. Compylit be Robert Dickson, F.S.A. Scot. Fcap. 8vo. parchment wrapper, pp. 24. Price is. LANE-POOLE.-A SCHEME OF MOHAMMADAN DYNASTIES DURING THE KHALIFATE. By Stanley Lane-Poole, B.A., Oxon., M.R.A.S. 8vo. paper, pp. 8. Price 28. LANGE. GERMANIA. A German Reading-book Arranged Progressively. By Franz K. W. Lange, Ph.D. Part I. Anthology of German Prose and Poetry, with Vocabulary and Biographical Notes. 8vo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 216 Price 35. 6d. Part II. Essays on German History and Institutions, with Notes. 8vo. cloth, pp. 124. Parts I. and II. together. Price 5s. 6d. LOVELY.-WHERE TO GO FOR HELP. Being a Compendium for Quick and Easy Reference of Police Stations, FireEngine Stations, Fire Escape Stations, Fire-Alarm Posts, Hospitals, Workhouses, Nuisance Authorities, Police and Civil Courts, Charity Organization Offices, Coroners, Benevolent Societies, Telegraph Offices open on Sundays, of London and the Suburbs.

Second

Arranged according to Postal Districts, together with other useful Information. Compiled by W. Lovely, R.N. Edition. 18mo. sewed, pp. 16. Price 3d. MASON. THE LIFE AND PUBLIC SERVICE of James A. GARFIELD, Twentieth President of the United States. A Biographical Sketch. By Captain F. H. Mason, late of the 42nd Regiment U.S.A. With a Preface by Bret Harte. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 134. With Portrait. Price 2s. 6d. PHILLIPS. THE EXPLORERS' AND ASSAYERS' COMPANION: Rocks, Veins, Testing, and Assaying. By J. S. Phillips, M.E. 8vo. cloth, pp. xiv. and 468. With Plates and Illustrations. Price £1 1s.

PRACTICAL GUIDES FOR TOURISTS. General Continental Guide. One Hundred and tenth Thousand. 1881. 12mo. paper, pp. 510. Price 5s. Practical Swiss Guide. Sixtieth Thousand. 1881. 12mo. paper, pp. 287. Price 2s. 6d. France, Belgium, Holland, and the Rhine; the German Spas, and South Germany to Switzerland. Sixtieth Thousand. 1881. 1200. paper, pp. 134. Price 1s.

REDHOUSE. - THE MESNEVĪ (usually known as the MesnevIyi Sherif, or Holy Mesnevi) of Mevlana (Our Lord) Jelalu-'d-Din Muhammed, Er-Rumi. Book the First. Together with some Account of the Life and Acts of the Author, of his Ancestors, and of his Descendants. Illustrated by a selection of Characteristic Anecdotes as collected by their Historian Mevlână Shemsu-'d-Din Ahmed, El Efläkt El ArifI. Translated, and the Poetry Versified by James W. Redhouse, M.R.A.S., etc. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xv. and 135; v. and 290. Price £1 15.

Forming a New Volume of Trübner's Oriental Series. RHODES.-UNIVERSAL CURVE TABLES FOR FACILITATING THE LAYING OUT OF CIRCULAR ARCS ON THE GROUND FOR RAILWAYS, CANALS, ETC. Together with Table of Tangential Angles and Multiples. By Alexander Rhodes, C.E. Oblong 18mo. roan, band, pp. ix. and 104. Price 5s. RUTHERFORD.-THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MARK RUTHERFORD, Dissenting Minister. Edited by his friend, Ruben Shapcott. 8vo, boards, pp. xi. and 180. Price 58. WHITMAN.-LEAVES OF GRASS.-Preface to the Original Edition, 1855. By Walt Whitman. 8vo. paper, pp. 32. Price 1s. 6d.

Printed by STEPHEN AUSTIN & SONS, Hertford; and Published by TRÜBNER & Co., 57 and 59. Ludgate Hill, London.

AMERICAN, EUROPEAN, & ORIENTAL LITERARY RECORD

A Register of the most Important Works Published in North and South America,
India, China, Europe, and the British Colonies;

With Occasional Notes on German, Dutch, Danish, French, Italian, Spanish,
Portuguese, Russian, and Hungarian Literature.

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Messrs. TRÜBNER & Co., 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill, London, have imported, or can supply, all Works mentioned in this Literary Record. Intending purchasers having any difficulty in procuring them, should communicate direct with the Publishers of it. It would be imprudent to import many works in large quantities; but all specified can be supplied if a reasonable time be allowed, excepting those containing copyright matter, or in any way infringing British copyright law.

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It is with unfeigned regret we announce the death of the eminent Linguist and Orientalist, Dr Theodor Benfey, Professor of Philosophy and Fellow of the Society of Letters, Göttingen, Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of G. B., and other European learned societies. Dr. Benfey succumbed after a long illness, at 7:30 p.m. June 30th. He was born on January 28th, 1809, at Nörten, near Göttingen, studied during 1824 and the following years at Göttingen and Munich, took the title of Doctor of Philosophy in 1828, and in 1829 that of venia docendi. From 1830 to 1834 he prosecuted his linguistic studies and gave lessons at Frankfort and Heidelberg. In 1834 he was made "Privat docent," in 1818 extraordinary, and in 1862 ordinary professor of the philosophical faculty. His literary labours were devoted to classical philology, the Sanskrit language and literature, and the science of language. In our "RECORD," No. 133, June, 1878, will be found a list of Professor Benfey's works, which we gave when announcing his approaching half-century Doctor's Jubilee, which took place on October 24th of that year. We much regret that his death precludes all hopes of his Vedic Grammar, which he intended to be the great crowning work of his literary labours, ever being issued, Dr. Benfey's modest and retiring disposition prevented him from placing himself so prominently before the world as some others of his contemporaries, but the good work he has done in linguistic fields will live after him, and his memory will be cherished by his pupils and friends, who never failed to appreciate his scholarly attainments and thoroughly amiable character.

THE FOURTH CENTENARY OF THE INTRODUCTION OF PRINTING IN VIENNA.

OUR readers will recollect an article on this subject in Nos. 155-156 of the RECORD, and we have since learnt that Ministerial Councillor Dr. Karl von Scherzer, Imp. Royal Austro-Hungarian Consul-General at Leipsic, has unanimously been chosen Honorary President of the Celebration Committee. This committee is composed of printers, publishers, booksellers, authors and scholars, who are doing their utmost to render the celebration as imposing as possible. Dr. Anton Mayer has been entrusted with the publication of a History of Printing in Austria.

Dr. von Scherzer was himself originally a printer, and about 40 years ago he started a Literary-Typographical venture on a grand scale, and spared neither trouble nor sacrifice to render it successful; but the Government of that day interfered with his plans, and the matter could not be carried out.

Nevertheless, Dr. von Scherzer remained attached to his old friends, and took a faithful interest in their doings. In 1848 he founded the first Austrian Printers Society, the "Gutenberg-Bund," and he did all in his power to raise the members of the trade, both materially as well as intellectually, and consequently found himself in conflict with the police, and was even sentenced to a short term of imprisonment by the court-martial then sitting at Vienna. In grateful recog nition of the sacrifices made and the risks incurred by Dr. von Scherzer at a time inimical to progress, the printers of Vienna have now, after a lapse of thirty-two years, offered Dr. von Scherzer the highest post of honour which they have at their disposal, and their former colleague, who has since meritoriously distinguished himself in quite different walks of life, has accepted this honorary office with much satisfaction.

CYPRIOTE

PROBABLY no island in the world contains so much of interest to students of ancient civilization as Cyprus, which doubtless contains the key to the origin and development of Greek civilization, a civilization derived from Assyria and Egypt, and transmitted by those enterprising early navigators and traders, the Phoenicians. General Louis Palma di Cesnola, an Italian nobleman and a graduate of the Royal Military Academy, Turin, who fought in the Italian Revolution of 1848 and 1849, and in the American Civil War in 1865, became an American citizen, and was appointed United States Consul to Cyprus. He had scarcely settled in the Consulate at Larnaca when he became impressed with the idea that Cyprus must be the great central point of meeting of the ancient races, and that the Greek settlements there, in the heroic period, must have derived from Phoenicia and Egypt much of their old civilization. At Larnaca, the ancient Citium (place of tombs), he opened several hundred burial-places in 1865 and 1866, which he found rich in terracotta vases, statuettes, glass, lamps, and Roman coins. During 1866 he visited the supposed sites of Golgoi and Idalium, identified both, and commenced disentombing treasures from fifteen thousand tombs, which he continued at favourable seasons for ten years. These consisted of coins, glass, statues, inscriptions, bas-reliefs, bronzes, engraved gems, jewelery, statuettes, and terra-cotta vases and lamps. Here were found the first fictile works of Phoenician art, the finest collection yet discovered of Greek glass, and some of the oldest painted vases the modern world has yet seen; showing that Cyprus is one vast necropolis, unfolding the history of civilization. General di Cesnola, in 1869 and 1870, verified and surveyed the sites of Paphos, Soli, Vomidia, Aphrodisium, Karpas. Salamis, Poli, and Amathus. After visiting America in 1872, he returned to Cyprus, and resumed his excavations on the site of Curium, which resulted in the discovery of a collection of gold, silver, and engraved gems,

ANTIQUITIES.

of extraordinary richness, which Mr. C. T. Newton, of the British Museum, the distinguished scholar and archaeologist, in his "Essays on Art and Archæology," pronounced to be a museum in itself. The whole of the Cesnola Collection is now on permanent exhibition in the Museum of Central Park, New York, and the General proposes to edit a Descriptive and Pictorial Atlas of these treasures. Messrs. James P. Osgood & Co., of Boston, Mass., have undertaken the publication of this great work under the auspices of the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. It will be completed in three volumes, each volume to contain a hundred and fifty plates of illustrations, about one-third of them being chromo-lithographs, and the other two-thirds by their special heliotype process, from negatives taken directly from the objects themselves, so as to insure photographic accuracy, all the plates being printed by hand, and the first volume will contain the objects in marble, alabaster, and stone, large and life-like statuettes, busts, heads, bas-reliefs, votire offerings, and sarcophagi. The second volume will show the bronzes, silver, gold, rock crystal, glass, and engraved gems. The third volume will be devoted to terra-cotta-statues, heads, busts, horsemen, chariots, lamps, vases, and inscriptions. Each plate of illustrations will be accompanied by a page of letterpress, describing the objects, and giving their exact measurement in English feet and inches. Messrs. James R. Osgood & Co. intend to issue the Atlas in fifteen monthly numbers at ten dollars each, making the total cost one hundred and fifty dollars. The edition will be limited to five hundred copies, or the actual number subscribed for, and after the issue of the subscribers' copies the plates will be destroyed. It will be printed upon superfine paper, 14 by 17 inches. Subscriptions will be received by James R. Osgood & Co., Boston, Mass., by the Editor at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, or by Trübner & Co., 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill, London.

THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.

་་

THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, VOL. XIII. N.S. PART III. JULY, 1881.-In this Part, the popular character of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society is still maintained, as may be seen by the following list of contents: -"The Avâr Language," by Cyril Graham; 'Caucasian Nationalities," by M. A. Morrison; Translation of the Markandeya Purana. Books VII. VIII.," by the Rev. B. Hale Wortham; "Lettre à M. Stanley Lane Poole, sur quelques monnaies orientales rares ou inédites de la collection de M. Ch. de l'Ecluse," par H. Sauvaire, membre nonrésidant; "Aryan Mythology in Malay Traditions," by W. E. Maxwell, Colonial Civil Service; The Koi, a Southern Tribe of the Gond," by the Rev. John Cain, Missionary; "On the Duty which Mohammedans in British India owe, on the Principles of their own Law, to the Government of the Country," by N. B. E. Baillie; "The L-Poem of the Arabs,

" للشنفرى ,by Shanfari ; قَصِيدَةٌ لَامِيَّةِ الْعَرَبِ

rearranged and translated by J. W. Redhouse, M.R.A.S., etc. Mr. Graham's paper deals with a little-known language of the Caucasus, from materials gathered by himself when on a journey in the country some years ago, supplemented by fuller details in Russ, supplied to him with great generosity by M. Adolphe Bergé, of Tiflis. This latter portion Mr. Graham has rendered into English; and thus for the first

time English students will be enabled to acquire an acquaint-
ance with a very curious language, the chief peculiarity of
which is the extraordinary "click" found in the beginning,
the middle, and the end of words. Existing alphabets not
being sufficient to meet the requirements of all the sounds in
the Avâr language, letters have had to be specially devised
for that purpose, amongst others a k," which," quoting Mr.
Graham's own words, "my Sheikh tells me, so far as he
knows, is to be found only in three or four words, the most
notable of which is kwerk, frog, but he says, I have never
been able to frame my mouth to pronounce this word,' and
he adds naively, to the best of my belief no creature in the
world can properly pronounce the frog's name but the frog
himself."""
The paper is divided into two parts, a vocabu
lary-the English words being given first in alphabetical
order; and a grammar. Scholars of Europe and Russia will
welcome Mr. Graham's paper with delight.-Mr. Morrison's
contribution takes the form of a statistical table, and gives a
list of the nationalities, together with their approximate
population, in the Caucasus, in the present year. The author
is the agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society at Tiflis,
and naturally is in a position which lends authority to his
figures. Details concerning some of the languages and dialects
spoken in the Caucasus will be found in an article contributed
by the lamented Professor Schiefner to the last part of the

Transactions of the Philological Society published in 1879.The touching story of the "saintly king Harischandra"-a gem encircled with a halo of horror-is told in stately English blank verse by the Rev. B. Hale Wortham, from the Markandeya Purans. Mr. Wortham's name is apparently a new one in the field of Sanskrit literature; and we hope more translations may flow from his pen.-M. de Sauley's letter publishes two rare Arabic coins from the collection of M. Ch. de l'Ecluse, and a disquisition on the historical questions hence arising, containing some long extracts from Ibn-el-Athir.Mr. Maxwell's paper shows how all the current traditions of the Malay States regarding their origin may be traced up to Aryan mythology. Some curious stories are given, and their analogy with those of the ancient Hindus is sufficiently indicated. The Rev. J. Cain supplies an interesting account of the customs of the Koi, a southern tribe of the Gond, located in the Godavari district and the semi-independent state of Bastar. On the authority of a native missionary, they appear to have degenerated during the last twenty-five years from contact with Hindu civilization; formerly, although not afraid of the wild beasts of the forest, they frequently fled at the sight of a few Hindus. They are a restless race, forsaking the sites of their villages for new ones; and are not much given to agriculture. It is difficult to say much about their religious belief, and they have a notion that after death their spirits wander about in the forests in the form of pisachas. Death, they generally believe, takes place at the instigation of some enemy, and

THE

not from natural causes; hence many blood-feuds existed for a long time. With the exception of children and unmarried young men and young women, they bury their dead. Bridecatching is greatly indulged in, and when the bride has been caught, "the simplest way of uniting the couple is to get them to stand close together with their heads bent down, that of the bride being just below that of the bridegroom. Then water is poured on the head of the bridegroom, and allowed to run off on to the head of the bride, and they become man and wife." Various other customs are described, details of mission work amongst the tribe, and a vocabulary conclude this interesting survey of the Koi.-The subject of Mr. Baillie's paper is controversial; indeed, a note of Lord Stanley of Alderley's remarks on the occasion of its being read before the Society is appended, he differing entirely from Mr. Baillie's conclusions.-Another good service for those unable to read Arabic has been rendered by Mr. Redhouse, whose article, though printed last in the present part of the Journal, certainly will not be the last one read. The L-Poem of the Arabs was well worth producing in English, if only for the details and the setting supplied by Mr. Redhouse; but when he himself says of it that it is the most perfect tragedy he is acquainted with-and than Mr. Redhouse there can be no better authority on such a pointthe reader may know that here there is something worth attention. We refrain from analyzing this article, for fear of spoiling it in the process.

HAWAIIAN

"

The

Two books on the Hawaiian Islands are before us, Hawaiian Kingdom, Statistical and Commercial Directory and Tourist's Guide, 1880-81," which contains an alphabetical directory of each island, a directory of all the holdings of land in each island, with a full description of the towns, villages, scenery, roads, inhabitants, and available means of communication. This volume, written and compiled by George Bowser, of San Francisco, and illustrated with ten views, and portraits of the king and queen, leaves little to be desired by tourists, merchants, or any one wishing for information about these islands of the North Pacific. A preliminary chapter gives a concise history of the islands, and how they came to be consolidated into one kingdom. The Hawaiian islanders owe a debt of gratitude to the missionaries of the American Board of Foreign Missions, who appeared upon the scene just at the time they were wanted, and by their aid and influence helped the islanders to throw off the barbarism in which Cook and Vancouver found them, and "Honolulu: Sketches of Life, Social, Political, and

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ISLANDS.

Religious, in the Hawaiian Islands from 1828 to 1861, by Laura Fish Judd," A. D. F. Randolph & Co., New York, gives a fair history of the doings of the missionaries from the time they landed to the present day. Albert Francis Judd, who writes a preface to his mother's book, says: "The Hawaiian kingdom still stands prosperous and respected, making and executing its own laws, its autonomy preserved. It occupies but little share of the world's attention, but it presents to-day the only instance of a nation lifted from the darkness of heathenism to the light of Christian civilization, without the destruction of the native Government." We are happy to be able to record the benefits of missionary labours in the Hawaiian Islands, and wish we could give the same testimony to its benefits amongst all savage races. We have only to regret that the Kanakas, who have proved themselves so capable of civilization, should be slowly dying out before it, and will finally leave their beautiful islands a legacy to those whose civilization they have adopted.

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

INTERNATIONAL Congress of ORIENTALISTS AT Berlin. -The Secretary of State for India in Council has appointed Professor Monier Williams, C.I. E., as honorary delegate to represent the Government of India at the fifth International Congress of Orientalists to be held next September at Berlin. GERMAN LANGUAGE. Deutsche Sprachbriefe von Dr. Daniel Sanders. Berlin. 8vo. pp. 520. 21s.-In noticing this work we shall presume the reader to be acquainted with the linguistic method of instruction introduced, and in a manner patented, by Messrs. Toussaint and Langenscheidt, and only add with regard to the general scope of these "Deutsche Sprachbriefe," that they consist of a most laborious and exhaustive application of said method, not to the teaching of a strange language to foreigners, bat to the instruction of Germans in their own mothertongue. We think Dr. Sanders overrates the superiority of English standards of correctness in this respect, and only wish some enterprising son of Albion would undertake a similar task on behalf of his countrymen. However this may be, we are persuaded that any person be he English, be he German, or of any other nationality, who conscientiously works through these "letters" one by one, will soon see the difference between knowing a language and only thinking that he knows it. The course includes a compendious history of German literature arranged on the most admirable principle of giving in connexion with the chief "epoch-making' authors, all those writers who may be regarded as pendants of the great lights of German literature, so that the completest possible picture of the period in question is presented, and that in the form most calculated to fix itself in the memory of the student. Moreover, the grammar itself is

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illustrated from the best authors; and there is likewise appended a treatise on metre (Silbenmessung) which for accuracy and fulness leaves little or nothing to be desired. The research and learning displayed in these letters is prodigious, the labour expended Herculean, and yet the style is so simple that he that runs may read. The work must be of incalculable value to Germans, and may be warmly commended to all those whose knowledge of the language has advanced so far as to enable them to read easy German without perpetual recourse to a dictionary.

MODERN GREEK. Neugriechische Grammatik nebst Sprachproben für die Fortbildung und Umgestaltung des Griechischen von Homer bis auf die Gegenwart. Rechtmässige deutsche Bearbeitung des Handbook to Modern Greek, by Edg. Vincent and T. G. Dickson, von Prof. Dr. Daniel Sanders. Leipzig. 8vo. 6s.-Dr. Daniel Sanders is so thoroughly competent a philologist, that he might well have undertaken a Modern Greek Handbook of his own, and we cannot help thinking such a work would have been superior to the mere adaptation of the English Manual. We are glad, however, to observe that in the present instance we are furnished with something better than a bare translation. The order and arrangement of the original is retained, the first part consisting of a simple grammar with exercises, the second of familiar dialogues, the third of specimens of Greek writers, showing the changes the language has undergone from 850 B.C. to 1824 A.D., the older examples accompanied by translations into Modern Greek; the fourth part of extracts from contemporary literature, and the fifth furnishes the student with a classified vocabulary: but while Dr. Sanders has corrected various

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