Elville press from 1467 to 1477, which have come to the anthor's knowledge (the Vocabularies Ex quo of 1467, and 1469, in the Catholicon type 5*; the same work, of 1472, with an edition of the Summa of Aquinas, and the Vocabulary of 1477).

Mr. Hessels does not hesitate to ascribe the 30-line Indalgence of 1454 and 1455 to Peter Schoeffer, as he found one of the initials used in this Indulgence, in a later Indulgence of 1489, which was certainly printed in Schoeffer's ype And as the 42-line Bible is printed in the type used or some headings in the 30-line Indulgence, it becomes ecessary to ascribe also this great work to the same printer, who reveals his name in a Donatus of 35 lines. which is wally said to have been printed by Schoeffer after Fust's teath, but which was more likely printed by the former efore he was the latter's partner, i.e. before 1457. Deductg from the list of books, usually ascribed to Gutenberg, he eight works printed in the type of the Tractatus and rognostication. referred to above, and which could not ave been printed by him, there remain what Mr. Hessels alls the types 1, 2, 5. and 6, which may be claimed for utenberg. But it is clear from what Mr. Hessels says, that * is only inclined to ascribe them to a printer of that name, ecause he actually knows of no one else to whom he could scribe them. That 1454 is the earliest printed date we now of at present, and that the documents bearing this date

were most probably printed at Mentz, and may have been printed by Gutenberg, is all that Mr. Hessels will admit. He is forbidden from regarding Gutenberg as the Inventor, as he can find no evidence for it. And he concludes by referring to the Diary of Jean Le Robert, the Abbot of Cambray, speaking of books "jeté en molle," in Jan. 1445, as affording a point to look back upon. He himself abstains from touching this point, saying that for the present "it would only encourage him to indulge in speculation, which it is the whole object of his book to discourage to the utmost of his power."

To us it seems desirable that future writers on the Invention of Printing should follow Mr. Hessels' plan, and treat the question from a purely historical and typological point of view, without any feelings of patriotism. It would be well if the Germans were content with Mr. Hessels' results until they could materially alter them not by speculation but by facts. One feature of the present book we commend to all who have to deal with precious or unique books or documents, namely, to say distinctly when and where they examine them. As they so very often change hands, and not unfrequently disappear from sight altogether, it is a great advantage to every one to know at what date and where they were seen. Mr. Hessels' book enables us to see what is fiction and what is truth with regard to Gutenberg.

Os LUSTADAS.-(The Lusiads.) Englished by RICHARD RANCIS BURTON. Edited by his wife Isabel Burton. With e and Commentary. 4 vols. 12mo. (London, Quaritch, 881-2.)

Many translations have appeared of Camoens' celebrated pic "Os Lusiadas," and probably many more will appear; at up to the present time we think the palm belongs to apt. Burton for the best English version, and indeed we o not see how it could be otherwise. If Camoens could ave chosen his own translator at the present day, we do ot think any one could have been picked out who would to him greater justice than Captain Burton, who has made careful and loving study of his author's great work. fis thorough knowledge of the language, and appreciation of the spirit and aim of Camoens' great poem, arises not A little from his having been placed in much the same circumstances as his author, both the original and his translater having been literati, soldiers, and travellers. Captain Barton occasionally borrows from the English of the time of Camoens, and we think his translation is perhaps more igorous in consequence. Putting on one side, however, our cwn opinions of this translation, those of the late Dr. A. Burnell and of Oswald Crawfurd, Esq., H.B.M. Consul at Oporto, must carry weight.

"Capt. Burton recalls the Englishmen of past time who could be at once poets, learned scholars, and daring soldiers or explorers; but I think it must be said that he has excelled his predecessors. The splendid version of the great Portuguese poem - The Lusiads of Camoens (reviewed in the " Academy of June 28, 1881)-has marked him as a poet. He now once more, but in a different way to his former learned works, has written a book of vast and solid erudition, and has thus shown decisively that he is historian, philologist, and bibliographer. His unrivalled feats as a traveller have given him the insight necessary to explain what Camoens drew from his experiences in the Far East. These two volumes exhaust the great epic of India for all who read English, and conclude a final edition which may possibly be added to by future discoveries, but can never be surpassed.

One of the first requisites for the understanding and due appreciation of Camoens' poem is a Life of the poet. But this is a task of unusual difficulty. As little is known about him as is known about Shakspere; hardly a fact is certain, not even the date of his birth or death. There can, unhappily, be little doubt that the great poet's life was a miserable one. The life given here occupies 115 pages of the third volume. Not a single source of information, however small and obscure, has been neglected: and all that is known is for the first time presented in a most attractive form-thanks to Capt. Burton's intimate acquaintance with the scenes where the chief events of the poet's life occurred. Nearly 100 pages of a most complete bibliography follow, and this includes much new information respecting former English translations of the poem, and a genial appreciation of them. This part is the more valuable, as ignorant fanaticism has meddled with the poem and persecuted such a worthy editor as Faria y

difficulties that thus arise. The rest of the third volume contains a fresh and striking sketch of the history of Portugal, which illustrates fully the poet's times, as well as explains the perpetual historical allusions in the poem. The first part of the next (fourth) volume contains a most complete essay on the geography of the poem and on the travels of Camoens. The rest is occupied by explanatory notes on the many difficult passages in the poem. It will thus be clear that Captain Burton's great work contains much that few could venture even to appreciate, and I certainly am not one of those few. It is a monument of erudition, as well as of his unrivalled knowledge of all parts of the world. Mrs. Burton has added to the last volume a brilliant and conclusive reply to some silly remarks made lately on the translation. It might have, as motto, the words of the old Italian Carnival song which Scioppiettieri (fusiliers) address to the ladies:'Rari usar trassinar già gli Scoppietti, Oggi ognun vuole usargli;

Ma presto appajon, donne, i lor difetti,

Che son pericolosi.

"To fairly notice these volumes, it would now be necessary to mention some of the new facts of importance, and the results at which Captain Burton has arrived; but to do so would be to make extracts from every page. As might be expected, all the geographical questions are fully explained. To the many who still believe in the myth of the visit of St. Thomas the Apostle to South India, the note on canto x. 108-18 will supply much new information. Capt. Burton asks what became of the supposed body of St. Thomas, which was believed to have been found in 1524. Maffei (in his Historia Indica, original edition of 1588, p. 160) says it was hidden in a place only known to two Portuguese, and that (? in 1552) it was taken by a Franciscan to Goa. If this be compared with the account given by the Jesuit Sousa (Oriente Conquistado. i. § 137), there can be little doubt that the supposed relics were stolen, and, probably. lost.

The whole of these volumes is marked by an admirably patriotic tone, which forms a refreshing contrast to the sentimental nonsense which it is the fashion to write about the East. It is to be hoped that imitators will spring up who will try to ascertain the truth about India, and will also duly praise the great deeds done there by the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and even English.

"Captain Burton has occasionally touched on political questions here, and many will hope that he will, in another edition, expand these remarks. Camoens (x. 119) mentions the missionaries of his time; and an estimate of the Indian missions of the present day by Captain Burton, and especially of their so-called translations of the Bible, would not be altogether out of place in the notes on this canto. Such a master of the art of translating could, in a few lines, appreciate justly these pretended versions. In the Indian languages, the representatives of European theological terms are mostly due

them from the Indian metaphysico-religious systems, which they could not then have fully understood, if it be ever possible to understand them. However, they wisely did not pretend to translate their books. A Brahman to whom I once showed one of these versions said: 'I know the words, but cannot make any sense of them as put together here.' But the difficulty is not only with the technical words; there is much besides that cannot be translated. An eminent philologist told me a story he heard from the greatest master of the Malayan and Javanese languages which will make this plain. In one of the Dutch islands sheep were unknown till the Dutch introduced some; the people had goats already, and termed the importations Dutch goats.' A missionary then translated Lamb of God' by Son of the Dutch goat of God'! That the converts pay little attention to these versions is certain, or heresies would arise in the same way as Manichaeanism did. Again, a comparison of the excellent system of the Dutch with that of the English in India would be of the greatest value if by Captain Burton. He gives so much that every reader of his works will not hesitate to demand more."-A. BURNELL.

"Of making of translations of the Lusiads there seems to be no end. When Mr. Aubertin, following in the wake of many previous translators, brought out his Englished Lusiads a year or two ago, a translation which included the Portuguese original side by side with a most creditable version, together with some capital illustrations of the text, there really seemed to be no need of further wrestling with the difficulties of this particular epic. Notwithstanding which, Mr. Duff has since done the poem into rhymed stanzas not without good taste and fidelity; and since this again, a translation into verse has been published by an American gentleman, whose chief title to praise is his industry.

"With Capt. Burton's version before him, the first feeling of the critic is one of wonder that any one should be bold enough to turn his hand to so hackneyed a task, and the second some curiosity to see how so accomplished a literary veteran has fared in his enterprise.

He

"It may be said at once that Capt. Burton's translation is beyond all comparison the closest, the most flexible, and the most poetic version that has yet appeared of the great Portuguese epic. It is not to be denied, however, that the translator, if he is faithful to his original, has committed some considerable infidelities towards his own language. strains and contorts our native tongue sometimes fearfully; foreign and classic idioms come freely to his pen; he borrows an archaic word or a provincial, or a purely technical, or a Scotch word, or a Latin or German, without compunction; and, rather than not fit his text with an equivalent and his stanza with a rhythm or a rhyme, he will boldly coin a new word of his own. Capt. Burton is a man of extensive and recondite acquirements, and he presupposes in his readers an acquaintance almost as extensive as his own with strange learning and with the multifarious occupations of mankind. Simple English readers may sometimes be tempted to exclaim with Dangle in The Critic, Egad, I think the interpreter is the hardest to understand of the two;' and even sometimes have to recur to the original to clear away an obscurity in the translation. The present writer is obliged to confess that his grave task of criticism has been relieved by occasional amusement, as he reflected upon the consternation of translators of the more sedate and conventional sort at the licence which Capt. Burton has allowed himself. Mr. Aubertin, for instance, whose moderate praise was sounded in this very Review, and by this very pen, a short time ago-what can he think of the new version? He sat down before the Lusiads

with all the pomp of regular warfare, and, if he did not take the stronghold, he made a good siege of it; and now he sees the place fall to what he must consider an attack against all the rules of war. Though Capt. Burton expressly disclaims the idea of his effort being the final attempt at rendering the epic of the great Portuguese poet, soldier, traveller, and scholar, it is to be supposed that no one will attempt it after him, for no translator can again be expected to combine the qualifications of Capt. Burton, who, like Camoens, is himself at once a traveller, a scholar, a littérateur, a soldier, and, as he now incontestably proves himself to be, a true poet.

The truth is, that, if Camoens was to be translated at all, it was not to be done on the old lines. In most versions into foreign languages, except one into Spanish, the Lusieds appear as a bald, an artificial, and a very wearisome per formance-a farrago of foreign adventure, of geography, of patriotic and inaccurate history, and of doubtful classicism. The attitude of the intelligent foreign critic has mostly been. It must be good, for the Portuguese say so, and they ought to know.' The truth is that Camoens wrote an impossible epos, but, being a great poet and an exquisite stylist, he left the mark of genius on his stanzas. That mark has unfortu nately as a rule been effaced by the translators into staid English verse, with all the sins upon them of omission and commission common to the majority of translators. The fre that burns in this Portuguese Odyssey has certainly never warmed the reader of the epic in an English version. To say that in Capt. Burton's version there is all of this same tre and poetic fervour would be to say of his translation what cannot be said of any translation of any great poet. It cannot be said even of Fairfax, or of Carey, or of Tieck, that they have mirrored more than a faint likeness of Tasso, of Dante, and of Shakspere; and of Capt. Burton all that can be said is that in his lines the English reader will find the most living image yet given of the great Portuguese epos. A critic may entertain reasonable doubts whether Capt. Burton's method be absolutely a fair one, but the translator may urge that by no other could his task be accomplished at all; and, after a little charitable consideration, such hard words as t weet' and 'to nill,'val-varte,' fair-faxt,' 'treachetour. 'sprent,' salty,' whilere,' haught,' and sit-hence' wil come to seem no stumbling-blocks at all. Capt. Burton's version has been called archaic, but so is the Portuguese of the original; it is Portuguese of three hundred years ago, and even when it was written it was hardly more the language of its own day than the Faerie Queen was the English spoken by Spenser's contemporaries. It was, therefore, I think, good judgment in Captain Burton to turn the Lusiads into a somewhat archaic English..

"To a Portuguese, Camoens is an omnis homo, as Shakspere to us. His countrymen find in him all poetic, all descriptive, all narrative, all pathetic, all romantic excellence-nil tage quod non ornavit; and the Lusiads furnish many a text d practical philosophy.

"With such a really good translation as Capt. Burt' before one, it is a moment when we may measure the vast da tance that separates a great work of genius from even the best conceivable version of it into a foreign tongue, and one may this case, not invidiously, start this query. Did ever a tra lator. since the world began, achieve a translation wh were the original unknown, would gain him a second-rat third-rate, or even a fourth-rate reputation in the work f letters ?

"Be the answer to this melancholy question what it may, Capt. Burton has in the volumes before us sounded, for the first time, an echo not unworthy of the great organ-voice of Portugal."-OSWALD CRAWFURD.

THE LATE PROFESSOR PALMER.-We are sorry to have to confess that the hopes we expressed in our last issue of the safety of Prof. Palmer have not been verified, and that there seems no doubt that he met his death in the service of his country. It is some consolation, however, to learn that his murderers are likely to meet with their just punishment, and that Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to confer on his widow a pension of £200 per annum, and the Lords of the Admiralty also have her case under consideration.

TRÜBNER'S ORIENTAL SERIES.-Translations are in preparation for Trübner's Oriental Series of two Jaina Angas, the Upasakadasasûtra and the Vipâkasûtra, by Dr. A. F. Rudolf Hoernle. The former is the 7th of the Angaseries of Sacred Books of the Jainas, and contains stories to illustrate the rule of life of a devout Jaina, the latter is the eleventh of that series, and contains stories illustrating the consequences of human actions in the present and subsequent i ves. The translations will be accompanied by introductions.

LANMAN'S SANSKRIT READER.-This volume, which is in preparation, will be doubly valuable to the student from containing notes on the history and antiquities of India, and references throughout for the irregular forms of the verb to Whitney's Sanskrit Grammar.

EGYPTIAN PAPYRI.-We understand that Prof. Karabacek, of the Vienna University, is engaged in examining a quanuty of Egyptian Papyri relating to the first half of the Middle Ages in Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, and Persian. These Papyri, many of which contain the same chronicles in different languages, were, through the good offices of M. Theo. Graf, a merchant of Vienna, rescued from the district of El Faijum, and they probably are archives covering a considerable epoch of Egyptian history.

COINAGES OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY. -We have received from Mr. Edward Thomas, F.R.S., a reprint from the "Indian Antiquary," of his "Coinages of the East India Company at Bombay, under the Charters of Charles II."

Mr. Thomas's object in this little treatise to put the question of exchanges in a true light, and to show that circumstances are changed since the times of the East India Company, and that the Imperial Government has not taken cognizance of the change of circumstances and draws in Rupees without reference to the balance of trade.

Z'IEN Z WEN.-We have received from Naples, printed by the Polyglot printing office of the Congr. of the Propagation of the Faith. in Rome, Z'Ien Z Wen sue De Mille Verborum Libro a Cheu Him -S. Elucubrato Josephi Barone Dissertatiuncula. This is a dissertation on The Book of a Thousand Words," a poem composed by an offender who had been condemned to death. The Emperor of China reigning at the time gave him his life on condition that he should compose a poem in one night out of one thousand words or characters, which he gave him for the purpose.

A JOURNAL OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES IN THE ARABIC LANGUAGE.-The Muktotuf, an enterprising and ably condacted scientific magazine, is issued at the American Mission Press in Beyrout, Syria, every month. It entered upon its seventh year in June, 1882. Its editors, Yacob Surruf, B.A., and Faris Nimr, B.A., are graduates of the Syrian Protestant College in Beyrout, and at present instructors in the sciences in the same institution. The magazine is highly valued Among the Arabic students of the Levant, and is the medium of communication between the best scientific thought of our times, as it appears in the European and American Journals and the awakening mind of the Arabic-speaking East. It also contains earnest and thoughtful original discussions of current topics, and much practical information adapted to local needs. Its mission is a stimulating and timely one among the educated classes in Syria and Egypt.

ANA-A very excellent Bibliography of Ana, which appeared in the columns of the Annales du Bibliophile Belge, by Mons. Louis Mohr, has now been issued in a separate form by M. F. J. Olivier, publisher, Brussels, and we have been favoured with a copy.

THE LADY OF THE LAKE.-It seems curious that it should fall to the lot of New England to produce the finest edition of Sir Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake," yet such is the fact. Messrs. J. R. Osgood & Co., of Boston, Mass., commissioned Mr. A. V. S. Anthony, the artist, to visit the scenes of the poem and make sketches of the landscapes to illustrate the poem. The costumes, weapons, and other accessories are taken from sources contemporaneous with the action of the poem. Twelve artists in all have contributed drawings, and thirteen engravers have worked upon them. All have been executed under the supervision of Mr. Anthony, and some of the engravings are his own work This edition, with its 120 illustrations, is the gem of the season. Messrs. Chatto & Windus are the London publishers.

THE ARABIAN NIGHTS -The ever-popular "One Thousand and One Nights," charming in themselves as stories, so vividly depict Oriental life and manners that editors, artists, and printers, have from time to time put forth their talents to produce good editions of them, and all such editions have been absorbed by an appreciative public. The latest reprint is the one issued by Messrs, J. C. Nimmo & Bain, of King William Street, Strand (see our advertising columns), elegantly printed on heavy post octavo paper, in four volumes, by the Ballantyne Press. It is from the text of Dr. Jonathan Scott, of Oxford, and is illustrated by nineteen original etchings from the pencil of Ad. Lalauze, whose designs are impregnated with the spirit of the scenes they depict.

ENGLISH CLASSICS.-The following English Classics have been published by Messrs. J. C. Nimmo & Bain, uniform with the above. De Foe's Robinson Crusoe, 2 vols., with portrait by L. Flameng, and eight etchings by B. Bouilleron. Sterne's Sentimental Journey, and Swift's Tale of a Tub; the former illustrated with five etchings and a portrait by Ed. Hedouin. Swift's Gulliver's Travels, with five etchings and a portrait by Ad. Lalauze. Beckford's Vathec, and Johnson's Rasselas, the first illustrated with a portrait of Beckford, by Atle Tourrier, etched by Damman, and the latter with four etchings by the same. We can cordially recommend these to all who care to possess superior editions of good old English classics.

THE SCOTTISH REVIEW.-We thought in these days of the rapid manufacture of history that quarterly reviews were becoming things of the past, and indeed many quarterlies have transformed themselves into monthlies. It would appear that our friends across the border do not think quarterlies belong to to a past day and age, as we have before us No. 1, dated Nov., 1882, of the Scottish Review," published by Mr. Alex Gardner, of Paisley. It contains articles relating to theology

Carlyle's Apprenticeship, the Highlands, the book of Genesis, with contemporary literature and summaries of foreign reviews. We think it is a mistake in issuing a quarterly to depart from the regular quarterly periods; it takes at least one chance of success away from the periodical to be issued out of the regular quarterly month.

SCOTTISH POETRY AND HUMOUR.-Mr. Alexander Gardner, of Paisley, has brought out, in book form, the papers Dr. Charles Mackay contributed to Blackwood's Magazine" in 1869-70. Dr. Mackay claims that Lowland Scotch, or, as he calls it, the Scottish language, is, like the English, a branch of, or derived from, the Teutonic. Admitting Dr. Mackay's argument, it is a case of arrested development, as the Scottish has departed less from the Teutonic than the English. We do not follow Dr. Mackay in some of his deductions, and find very little humour in the book, what there is being very dry humour, though, as a whole, the work is interesting, as most speculations in philology are.

"SCIENCE."-This is the title of a new periodical published by a company of scientists, whose president is Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, to take the place of "Science," edited by Mr. Michell, which was not a commercial success. Mr. Moses King, of Boston, Mass., will be the publisher of the new "Science," and not a single copy will be presented to any Society or periodical, so that the only way to get it is to subscribe. Messrs. Trübner & Co. receive subscriptions.

THE YORK GATE GEOGRAPHICAL AND COLONIAL LIBRARY. -Mr. S. W. Silver, of 3, York Gate, Regent's Park, has accumulated during the last thirty years a very good collection of Geographical and Colonial books, and of these he has issued a catalogue under the above title, which is of the utmost interest to students of this subject. It was intended at first to confine the catalogue to publications on the Australian colonies, but Mr. Silver, on reconsidering the matter, determined to extend its usefulness, by including all the British Colonies. Mr. E. A. Petherick, F.R.G.S., assisted Mr. Silver in the compilation of this very useful catalogue. An edition has been printed for sale, and may be had of Mr. John Murray, Albemarle Street.

MACHIAVELLI'S WORKS.-One hnndred and seven years have elapsed since the four volume edition of Ellis Farneworth's translation of the works of Machiavelli appeared, which translation was first issued twenty-three years previously to that date in two quarto volumes. We may take it for granted that if there are still readers of Machiavelli, the much abused, it is not too soon for a new English edition. This idea has occurred to Mr. E. Detmold, who has lately published with Messrs. J. R. Osgood & Co., of Boston, a library edition of the great Italian's works in four volumes octavo. Mr. Detmold does not profess to criticise or make any commentary on his author, but aims to clothe him in an elegant modern English dress, and leave criticism to others. Mr. Detmold points out in his preface that though Pope Clement VII. allowed Machavelli's works to be printed, Pope Paul IV. afterwards placed them in the "Index Expurgatorius," which order was confirmed by the Council of Trent, 1564. Bacon refers several times to Machiavelli in his Essays," but not unfavourably, whilst Shakespeare speaks slightingly of him in his plays, which fact we recommend to the notice of the advocates of the Baconian-Shakespeare theory. Messrs. J. R. Osgood & Co. have well seconded Mr. Detmold's efforts to present the reading public with a good edition of Machiavelli's works, the typography and other accessories leaving nothing to be desired.

Literature LESSONS.-One of the most ingenious and useful aids to students of literature we have seen is "Kate Sanborn's Literature Lessons." Round Table Seriestwenty-five numbers. Taking Hume, No. 11, as a sample, we find Hume. 1711 to 1776, in the centre of a circle which contains quotations of opinions on his style and genius round his name, whilst in another circle, outside the inner one, appear the words Historian. Philosopher, Essayist, Political Economist; and in another outer circle appear the names of writers who were his contemporaries in England, while the outer margin of the page contains the names of foreign contemporary authors. A separate leaf gives very full quotations of the opinions of distinguished men of letters on Hume and his writings, with suggestions for study upon him, and a list of special readings on him. Students have to thank Messrs. J. R. Osgood, of Boston, Mass., for these handy and suggestive aids to their studies.

ORIENTAL AND GREEK COINS.-The following publications of the Trustees of the British Museum are nearly ready for issue: Catalogue of Oriental Coins, vol. vii., Coinage of Bukhara, Timurides, etc., and vol. viii. Coinage of the Turks. Catalogue of Greek Coins, vol. vi., Coins of the Ptolemies,

AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY. Proceedings at New York, October 25th and 26th, 1882.-The following communications were presented to the meeting:-1. On Words for Colour in the Rig-Veda, by Mr. E. W. Hopkins, of Columbia College, New York.-2. Syriac Miscellanies, by Prof. Isaac H. Hall, of Philadelphia.-3. On Differences of Use in Present-Systems from the same Root in the Veda, by Prof. M. Bloomfield, of Baltimore, Md. 4. The Colour-System of Vergil, by Prof. T. R. Price of Columbia College, New York. -5. On the new edition of the Cylinder Inscription of Assurbanipal. by Prof. D. G. Lyon, of Cambridge.-6. Remarks on certain Readings of the Vatican MS. of the New Testament, by Prof. Charles Short, of Columbia College, New York.-7. Rejoinder to the Counter-Criticism of M. de Harlez, by Prof. J. Luquiens, of Boston; communicated by the Corresponding Secretary.-8. On Eggeling's Translation of the Catapatha-Brahmana, by Prof. W. D Whitney, of New Haven. After a vote of thanks to the authorities of Columbia College for kindly allowing it the use of the room it had been occupying, the Society adjourned, to meet again in Boston, on the 23rd of May. 1833.

LIBRARY MATTERS.-"The Library News" is the title of a periodical published under the auspices of the Peoria, Ill., Public Library. It contains literary news useful to librarians. -Mr. Justin Winsor in his fifth report (1882) on the Harvard University Library speaks of the assistance afforded in classification by Poole's New Index to Periodical Literature,' the early sheets of which were accessible. Of the 200 students using admission cards, 49 studied history, 26 science, 22 art (including music), 36 literature, 49 Greek and Latin authors. 6 philosophy, 4 theology, and 3 political economy.From the Bulletin of the Boston Public Library," Oct. 1882, we learn that Mr. Wendell Phillips has presented to the library over 4000 pamphlets. of which nearly 800 are on Slavery. The same number of the Bulletin contains a bibliography of 547 Frankliniana. -The "Harvard University Bulletin" for October, 1882, contains the conclusion of Scudder's Bibliography of Fossil Insects, and the Calendar of the Lee Manuscripts," which latter has just been issued in a separate form in No. 8 of the " Bibliographical Contributions," edited by Mr. Justin Winsor.

THE BOSTON BOOK BULLETIN. Amongst the good literary things which Boston. Mass., issues to the reading world, we beg to call attention to the Boston Book Bulletin published by Messrs. D. Lothrop & Co., now in its fifth volume. It is a quarterly eclectic record of American and foreign books, and its pages are relieved by woodcut illustrations, well engraved and printed. The October number for 1882 contains an account of the home of Paul H. Hayne, the poet of the South, at Copse Hill, about sixteen miles west of Augusta, Georgia.

GODEY'S LADY'S BOOK.-The publishers of this attractive periodical for ladies have issued their prospectus for 1883, which is its fifty-third year. This magazine is the best of its kind and price issued, and deserves to be more patronized on this side the Atlantic. That much is borrowed from it by English periodicals is a pretty good certificate of its merits. We notice that the steel engravings, many of them illustrating Scott's, Dickens', and other world-known tales, can now be had in portfolios separately. Series A embraces twenty illustrations on plate paper of ten to twelve inches.

AUGUSTA COUNTY, VIRGINIA.-Colonel John Lewis Peyton has issued a history of an interesting section of the "Old Dominion," which up to 1732 was supposed to be a barren wilderness, or a forest district infested by wild savages, and remained uncolonized till the "Knights of the Golden Horseshoe" made a successful expedition over the mountains into the region, which was afterwards named "Augusta," it is believed, in honour of the Princess Augusta, wife of Frederick Lewis. Prince of Wales, and daughter of Frederick II., Duke of Saxe-Gotha. The future historian of Virginia, the complete history of which has still to be written, will find useful materials in Colonel Peyton's volume, which is published by Messrs. Samuel M. Yost & Son, Staunton, Va.

DAMON MEMORIAL.-Under this title the Rev. Samuel Chenery Damon, Chaplain of Seamen, and editor of the "Friend," Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, has collected together such facts as he could gather connected with the genealogy of the Damon family, who left Old England for New England in the seventeenth century. The author states that the Damon family in America spring from three separate immigrants who settled in New England, and their descendants have since spread themselves over the Eastern, Middle, and North-Western States, on the shores of the Pacific, and the Hawaiian Islands. The Rev. Mr. Damon, in his Introduction, quotes the speculations of one of the family on how they

came by their present purely classical name of Damon. We should suppose it was only through the vagaries of orthography. The name has been spelt Damman, Daman, Dammon, Daymon, Daming, and Damon. Is it not possible that the name comes from dammen, demmen, damen, damen, to damp. quell, still pain, which brings us near to the classical domare of the Latin, to tame ?

THE (AMERICAN) PUBLISHERS' TRADE LIST ANNUAL, 1882. We welcome the tenth year of this useful publication. We notice what we think an improvement in this issue, viz. a reprint of the titles as they appear in the Publishers' Weekly, to form the Annual Record of Books" 1881-2, just in the order they appear week by week, with a complete "Index," by which every book in the "List" can be found on the page where it is registered. We note again that some publishers still refrain from seconding Mr. Leypoldt's useful efforts by withholding their lists, and we suppose they will do so until an Act of Congress can be got somewhat after this style: "An Act to compel certain persons who are foolish enough to publish books, to make them known to the best of their ability, and for the convenience of the public, by inserting lists of them every year in a publication entitled Publishers Trade List Annual.""

ALDRICH'S POEMS.-The new illustrated edition of the Poems of Mr. Thomas Bailey Aldrich, the designs for which are by the Paint and Clay Club of Boston, each artist having chosen his own subject, was one of the successes of the season. The typography of the volume keeps up the well-known reputation of the Riverside Press for fine work, and the illustrations do credit to the P. & C. Club.

CHICAGO PUBLISHING.-It seems almost incredible that within a generation the site of Chicago should have been the haunt of wild beasts, and that to-day such books should be published there as the "German Philosophical Classics for English Readers," containing Kant. Hegel, and others. These are the latest literary ventures of that enterprising firm of publishers Messrs. S. C. Griggs & Co., who have already contributed to the literature of the West by issuing quite a library of high-class works, amongst others those on Norse literature by Prof. Anderson, those on Archæology by Foster, on Geology by Winchell, and on Belles-letters of Dr. Matthews.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY.-We are pleased to see from the Schedule of the Winter Term. 1883, of this University, that Prof. F. L. O. Roehrig has been appointed Dean of the College of Asiatic Languages, and will occupy the chairs of Ara and Sanskrit. We learn that this modern Mezzofanti bas been proposed as interpreter to the United States Legation in Persia, but we should be sorry to hear of his leaving the United States, where his varied linguistic acquirements ought to find a larger field and better remuneration.

THE UNITED STATES DUTY ON BOOKS.-We are glad to record that Mr. E. Steiger of New York is doing good service in agitating for the abolition of the duty on books. He show that the proposed alteration from an ad valorem duty to a weight duty would be most absurd, amounting in some cas on literature of small value, such as pamphlets and periodicals to four hundred per cent.

THE DOMINION OF CANADA AND THE GREAT NORTE WEST AS A FIELD FOR IMMIGRATION.-Through the kind ness of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Domini of Canada, we have received a bundle of pamphlets and maps on the capacity of the Dominion and its Great Norta West, the provinces of Manitoba. Saskatchewan, Athabasca. Assinboine, and Alberta, for providing a home for the surplus population of the old world. It is impossible to give more than a sketch of the contents of these publications.-What Farmers Say of their Personal Experience of the Great NorthWest, gives us information respecting the healthiness of the climate, the nature of the soil, how to obtain water, on grasses and hay, on wintering cattle, and respecting crops. These are not the experiences of a few farmers, but of many scattered all over the territory, and their names and addresses are given. The average yield of wheat per acre ranges from 25 to 40 bushels, weighing as high as 66 lbs. per bushel. Oats have yielded as high as from 70 to 100 bushels per acre. Barley from 40 to 63 bushels per acre. Potatoes, mealy to the core, a very unusual thing with large potatoes, weighing as much as 4 lbs. each, have yielded 304 to 318 bushels per acre. Turnips have yielded 40 tons to the acre, some measuring 36 inches in circumference, and weighing 20lbs. to 32 lbs. each; a squash of six weeks' growth measured 5 feet 6 inches round the centre. Carrots have been produced weighing 11 lbs. each, and 300 bushels to the acre is no unusual yield. Mangel wurtzel is produced weighing 27 lbs. each root, beetroot 23 lbs., cabbages 49 lbs., and

onions 14 lbs.-Canada in 1880, Reports of Tenant Farmers' Delegates on the Dominion of Canada as a Field for Settlement, Second Series. contains the reports of farmers from various parts of the United Kingdom who visited Canada to form an opinion of its resources and suitability for settlement by English tenant farmers. It has a Map of the Dominion showing the extent and situation of its public lands and its geographical relation to the British Isles.-The North-West, by Elie Tassé, is a pamphlet of 80 pages containing a very good epitome of available information on the future granary of the world. Useful and Practical Hints for the Settler on Canadian Prairie Lands, by Thomas Spence, is a pamphlet of which every intending emigrant should possess a copy, as it gives the routes, and what they will require to start operations when they have fixed upon a location. besides useful hints on the soil and seasons and an account of the natural productions. -Canada, Manitoba, and the North-West, is the narrative of a visit made by Mr. C. A. Pringle, of Caledon, Tyrone Co.. Ireland. Extending over only sixteen pages, necessarily it is not a very full account of the resources of the country, but the author seems to have been an intelligent observer; he says that grass that was just springing up when he started, and vegetables that were just sown, were at the end of a month when he returned, ready for cutting and gathering.-The Canadian North-West, is a speech delivered by His Excellency the Marquis of Lorne at Winnipeg, after his tour through Manitoba and the North-West, and contains a map of his route; it is interesting as a testimony of the capabilities of the magnificent country he passed through.-MacDougall's Guide to Manitoba and the NorthWest, contains a map of a portion of the province of Manitoba. showing lands surveyed and lands disposed of. The information on the resources of the country contained in this pamphlet is very elementary, but it gives the means of travelling. with tables of distances and a brief gazetteer of towns, villages, and settlements, in Manitoba. and the NorthWest Territories; and is illustrated with some rough woodcuts which give a good idea of the face of the country.-The Mineral Resources of the Dominion of Canada, enumerates the metals found in the Dominion and the Territories. but as yet the information obtained respecting the metals of the latter is necessarily meagre, the explorations not having been sufficiently minute to have discovered more than traces of the existence of metalliferous wealth.--The maps we have received consist of three: one. A General Map of the North-West Territories and Manitoba. 40 inches by 24. a fine clear, wellcoloured map; A Map of a part of the Dominion Lands West of Manitoba, 18 inches by 16; and A Map of a portion of the Province of Manitoba showing Dominion Lands surveyed or distinguishing certain Lands Disposed of. This latter has the Land Regulations printed on the back, together with information respecting the Hudson's Bay Company's lands, and the lands of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. The last two mentioned maps are in black and white without colour-Besides the above, we have received The British North-West. Pen and Sun Pictures in the Canadian Wheat Lands, a well-printed and illustrated pamphlet of 85 pages, published by the St. Paul Pioneer Press Company, for the Canadian Pacific Railway. The illustrations in this pamphlet are from photographs as implied on the title.-Of The Census of the Dominion of Canada we have received the first volume, containing the system of taking the census, the dwellings, families. population, sexes, conjugal condition, religions of the people, origins of the people and birth-places of the people, with other interesting investigations.

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE, ADELAIDE.-The Report of this Institution for the year ending June 30, 1882. has recently been issued. It now comprises National Gallery, Museum. Free Reference and Lending Libraries, Art Schools and Evening Classes, and there are 103 affiliated institutions throughout the country, to each of which various grants of money have been made. The new building being erected in Adelaide for this Institution is now, so far as regards the west wing. fast approaching completion. In connection with newly-established art schools. Mr. H. P. Gill. recently one of the Masters of South Kensington, has received the appointment of Master for the School of Design. The picture gallery has acquired four additional paintings selected in London by a Committee presided over by Sir Frederick Leighton, P.R.A.

THE TECHNOLOGICAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND SANITARY MUSEUM OF NEW SOUTH WALES.-By the destruction by fire of the Garden Palace, Sydney, on 22nd September, this Institution has lost the whole of its collection. It occupied an area of 40,000 square feet in the south-western portion of the Palace, and a large section of it, embodying many of the best features of the South Kensington Museum, the Parkes Museum of Hygiene, and the Patent Office Museum, would shortly have been opened to the public. The Technological Museum was founded in 1880, and large sums of money were voted by the Colonial Parliament for the purchase of specimens at the late Sydney and Melbourne Exhibitions. Amongst the prominent features of the collection were several thousand ethnological specimens transferred from the Australian Museum, and which had been acquired during many years by gift and by a large expenditure of money. A large collection of Art Pottery had also been acquired, including Coblentz ware, imitation of old Delft. Doulton ware, Worcester, and specimens of the best pottery manufactures of Florence, Hungary, Belgium, etc. There were also many valuable examples of the best metal and iron work.

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES.-We are sorry also to have to record that this Society has lost its valuable Library, its stock of publications and everything it possessed. If our readers can imagine the destruction at one time of a building holding a large section of our own South Kensington Museum, our Burlington House, and our Patent Office, they may form some idea of the loss the Colony of New South Wales has sustained. The total loss to the Colony cannot be estimated at less than £250,000, and it is hard to conceive the motive of the incendiary (for it is believed to have been the act of an incendiary) in causing such a loss, which under no possible circumstances could do him any service.

SYDNEY FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY.-Every lover of books will congratulate himself that this institution was not also destroyed. Although not forming a portion of the Garden Palace, had the wind been in a different direction nothing could have saved Macquain Street, and with it necessarily would have fallen the Free Public Library and all its contents, including the unique collection of works relating to Australia. It at once shows the necessity that all buildings holding such valuable contents, although contiguous to each other, should be isolated, and so far as possible each separate section should be fire-proof. The necessity for such extreme care lies not only in the value of the property stored, but in many cases, from the fact that the contents can never by any possible outlay be replaced.

MELBOURNE PUBLIC LIBRARY.-From the Report for 1881, just to hand, we learn that this library received during that year an increase of 6213 volumes and pamphlets, obtained either by purchase, donation, or under the Colonial Copyright Act. The Librarian, Dr. T. F. Bride, complains greatly of the want of space. Not only are all the shelves filled, but the ledges of the bookcases are utilized, and in one gallery the floor, from end to end, is strewn with thousands of volumes. The natural result is that there are numerous breaks in the classification, and it is easy to guess the inconvenience which is thus caused, not only to the staff, but to the general public.

BOOKS RECeived. — U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries Report 1879.-Report of Comptroller of the Currency 1881.Our Country's Wealth and Influence.--Vick's Floral Guide 1883.-Wilson's Descriptive Catalogue of the MacKenzie Collection.-Prof. Bhandarkar's Report on Sanskrit MSS., June 1882.-Welsh Development of English Literature.Dahlgren's Life of Admiral Dahlgren. - Danenhower's Narrative of the Jeannette.-Grandma's Garden.-Sangster's Poems of the Household.-Hayward's Chimes and Rhymes.-Johns Hopkins University Studies, Parts 1 and 2.-Presbyterian Review, October 1882.-American Journal of Science, Nov. and Dec. 1882.-Victoria: Reports of the Mining Surveyors and Registrars for the Quarter ending June 30th, 1882. Johns Hopkins University Circulars, Nov. and Dec. 1882.Report of Commissioner of Education 1880.-U. S. Geographical Surveys West of 100th Meridian, III. Supplement, Geology. - Newcomb's Astronomical Papers, Vol. I.-Jewish and Christian History, 3 vols.