condition of the Transylvanian Germans will become as melancholy as is now that of their Hungarian brethren. In the noble address of the eminent Professor Wattenbach, delivered Dec. 7, 1881, before the Berlin German School Union, he called attention to the fact that these poor persecuted Saxons had, by the Hungarian kings, been regarded as the guardians of the frontier. "They knew that in the Saxons they had reliable and brave champions, and men of absolute loyalty, a proof of which was the proud motto they were allowed to put in their National Seal: Ad retinendum coronam; for protecting the crown."" Neither Germany nor Europe appeared to hear the cries of anguish which rose over the mountains; the din of the Eastern Question drowned these weaker voices, but now surely the German Empire has no such excuses.

In Sept. 1880, Europe was rudely startled from the comfortable slumber induced by the Germano-Austrian alliance, by the news of the summary closing of both the German theatres at Budapest (Budapest has 120.000 German inhabitants). The excitement was, however, soon allayed by the statements of the Hungarian papers that these resorts had been closed in the interests of morality! The Austrian Germans held party meetings at Mödling and Brunn, and were intending a monster meeting at Karlsbad to consider their own grievances as well as those of their Hungarian brethren, when the Government forbade the meeting, and confiscated the issue of all the Vienna papers containing the projected resolutions.

The Magyars know well that their all is vested in the success of Magyarization, and will fight unto death for its accomplishmat; and their leaders are now seeking to achieve it by professing conciliation to the world while tightening the thumbCrewe on their victims. M. Koloman Tisza, Premier of Hungary since 1877, and a most shrewd and capable man, aid to his constituents at Sepsi-Szent-György during the election canvass in Hungary last July:"To-day it does not become a free State, besides it is neither necessary nor possible to Magyarize in language those who are not born Hungarians. We desire ardently that the non-Magyar nations cultivate their language and freely develope their nationality." Was this irony a taunt for the conquered, or was M. Tisza aware that now

Published in the first number of the School Union periodical, entitled "Flugblatt dem Deutschthum zum Schutz and Trutz," Dec. 10th, 1881. Berlin, Verlag von Julius Sittenfeld, 1882.

the Magyarization scheme had reached the acme of its progress, it might be well to coax its victims to acquiesce in their fate ? Since his election and the opening of the Diet, Sept. 28, with a solid majority of 57 votes stronger than the opposition combined, his whole policy has been dead set against the non-) n-Magyars, and in Dec. last his own organ, L'Ellenör, rejoiced in the success of Magyarization, pointing proudly to 143 villages where formerly the non-Magyars were dominant, but now the Magyars are so. In view of this it is interesting to read a telegram in The Times of Jan. 27, 1882, which says:-"To-day M. Tisza gave an unqualified contradiction to some reports that the use of the German language had been forbidden in Transylvania!" At present the Magyars hold complete control over Hungary, and even were Austria to bid them cease from Magyarization of Germans, it would but irritate the Magyars the more.

It is a melancholy thing to witness any death-struggle, and especially that of a proud historic race such as the Magyars; but to see the world looking on indifferently at the strangling of a new life, a new civilization, throttled by the dying hero of the past, is an infinitely sadder thing. The Magyar language is incapable of development, poor in vocabulary, non-flexible in meaning, wholly colourless, and in every essential both inferior and alien to the German. The Magyar race is yearly diminishing. Under such conditions how can German or English-speaking nations tolerate this violation of the spirit of the time? Suppose that Wales belonged to France, and that for political reasons France permitted Welchification of Wales' English colonists, how long would Englishmen endure it? How long will Germany be silent ?

The ultimate issue of the struggle admits of no doubt. If the Magyars, after two centuries of their efforts, have failed to fully Magyarize their Serb subjects, they cannot now hope to accomplish it with their German colonists. But the struggle may be protracted, and much, and in some instances irreparable, harm may be done to the poor Germans of Hungary. Outrages upon the spirit of civilization are not national but world questions, and the whole civilized world no less than the German nation are interested in putting an effectual stop to the treason of Magyarization of Germans as to all treasons against God and man.-AXEL GUSTAFSON.✶ London, 14, Brunswick Square.

Mr. Gustafson is a native of Lund, Sweden, but for some years a naturalized citizen of the United States.-ED. TRÜBNER'S RECORD.

SANSKRIT LITERATURE,-We mentioned in the RECORD of 1880, p. 129, the discovery of a very ancient copy of the (probably) oldest Sanskrit dictionary extant, the Sasvataosa. A scholarly edition of the work, by Dr. Th. Zachariae has just been published at Berlin (Weidmannsche Buchhandlung), based upon a copy from an ancient palm-leaf MS. dated 1183 A.D., and a manuscript belonging to the Sanskrit College, Benares. In restoring the text, the editor has derived much help from a number of unpublished dictionaries and commentaries, placed at his disposal through the liberality of the Government of Bombay and the India Office. A full account of the works used for the present edition of the Sasvatakosa is given in the preface, where, besides, the reader will find a discussion regarding the probable age of the lexicographer, and interesting remarks on some doubtful readings. It would seem to us that, with the exception of the Amarakosa, the Sanskrit dictionaries printed at Calcutta as long as 75 years ago have been edited from insufficient and otherwise unsatisfactory manuscript materials. In addition to the blunders pointed out long since by Boehtlingk and Goldstuecker in their respective dictionaries, Dr. Zachariae has traced not a small number of mistakes committed by Wilson and others, owing to the corrupt state of the manuscripts they used. In the notes p. 73 ff. the most important various readings are given from the MSS. as well as from dictionaries related to the Sásvatakosa, together with valuable Extracts from Kshírasvámin's Commentary on the Amarakosa and the comment upon Mankha's dictionary of homonyms. A carefully compiled Index forms the conclusion of the work. The book is well printed and beautifully got up. The publisher deserves the thanks of all Sanskrit scholars for having liberally undertaken to bring out a work which, from its nature, can have but a limited sale. We hope that Dr. Zachariae will give us a new edition of Hemachandra's Anekárthasangraha, together with the newly-found commentary which, as he tells us in a postscript to the Pre

PUNJAUB CUSTOMARY LAW.-The late Under-Secretary to the Government of the Punjaub, C. L. Tupper, Esq.. C.S., has compiled three important volumes on the Law in the Punjaub as established by custom, at the request of Sir Robert Egerton, the Lieut. -Governor of the Punjaub, who is at present not prepared to recommend a codification of the same. The first volume is designed to illustrate the history of the treatment of the Customary Law of the Punjaub, the second contains abstracts of Tribal Records of various districts, and the third is for the assistance of settlement officers in the compilation of Tribal Records and as an outline of a General Code of Tribal Customs, in case it had been resolved to prepare one. The work is printed at the Government Printing Office, Calcutta.

POONA COLLEGE.-In announcing the retirement of Prof. Kielhorn, the Principal of Poona College, in the last number of our RECORD, we stated in error that Professor Jacobi had received the appointment. The gentleman on whom it has been bestowed is a native Pandit of well-known erudition, Professor Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, M.A., Professor of Sanskrit at Elphinstone College, Acting Professor of Oriental Languages, Deccan College, and the author of "First Book of Sanskrit," being an elementary treatise on grammar with exercises; 'Second Book of Sanskrit," a treatise on grammar with exercises; and editor of "Malatimadhava," with a Sanskrit Commentary.

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LAMBETH PALACE AND ITS LIBRARY.-Mr. Kershaw, the Librarian of Lambeth Palace Library, is engaged on a work to be entitled "Studies in Lambeth Library, a Manual of its History, Contents, and Literary Annals." It will be illustrated with woodcuts, and will describe the building fully, together with the treasures in its different departments.

ANCIENT GOLD AND SILVER COINS.-The Guide to the Principal Gold and Silver Coins of the Ancients, by Mr. B. V. Head, Assistant Keeper of the Coins in the British Museum, will shortly be completed by the issue of the re

(plates 1-7), second (8-14), and third (15-21), issues are entirely exhausted, and a few copies only of the fourth (22-28), and fifth (29-35) remain on sale. We are glad to note that the work will be issued in a complete form at some future date, and as a great deal of disappointment arose from the limited number of previous issues, we would advise our readers who may be anxious to secure the complete work to send their orders in advance, to Trübner & Co., agents for the publications of the Trustees of the British Museum.

VICK'S FLORAL GUIDE.-Mr. James Vick, of Rochester, New York, the proprietor of Vick's Illustrated Monthly Magazine, has issued his Floral Guide for 1882, which, whilst it is a catalogue of seeds, is also a handsome and well printed illustrated album of plants. We recommend it to the attention of English seedsmen who issue illustrated catalogues, but with illustrations far inferior in respect to the printing.

FIRE AT NEW YORK.-In the fire at New York in January, many periodicals suffered considerable loss, amongst them the Turf, Field, and Farm," the "New York Observer," the "Manufacturer and Builder," and the "Scientific American," the numbers and volumes for 1881 were burned of the latter. Seven other periodical offices suffered with the above, Park Row being a favourite location for newspapers and magazines.

AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. - The Bulletin of this Society, No. 2, for 1881, contains: "A Cruize along the Northern Coast of Africa," by Lieut. -Commander H. H. Gorringe; and "Chile, its Geography, People, and Institutions," by James Douglas, jun. A perusal of the latter will explain why Chile has come to the front amongst the South American Republics.-Bulletin No. 3, 1881, contains: "The Waterways of New York," by the late Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, with a biogragraphical sketch of him, by General Geo. W. Cullum, VicePresident of the Society. The Rev. Wm. Elliot Griffis contributes an article on "Corea," which he terms the hermit nation; their religion is Confucianism; their alphabet, consisting of twenty-five letters, fifteen vowels and ten consonants, classed according to the organs of speech, is said to be the most perfect in the world. The Society have just issued vols. xi. and xii. of their Journal, containing the matter of previous Bulletins.

COPYRIGHT LAW AND THE DOMINION OF CANADA.-It may prove very important to British authors that a deputation from the Canadian publishers have waited on the Dominion Government and urged them to claim the right of Canada to legislate for itself in copyright matters.

HIAWATHA AND THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERATION. - Mr. Horatio Hale, of Clinton, Ontario, Canada, has sent us a paper read by him on Hiawatha and the Iroquois Confedera tion, at the Cincinnati meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in August, 1881, under the title of " A Law-giver of the Stone Age." This effort of Mr. Hale's may be said to be the history of Hiawatha divested of poetical and other fancies, as it is taken from the Wampum belts which he handled, and whose simple hieroglyphics record the public acts in which he took part. Mr. Hale shows that in the Stone Age of America there existed a law-giver who would not have disgraced a much later epoch, and the fruits of whose labours may be said to exist even to the present day.

RRITISH GUIANA.-It is proposed to publish a "Journal of the Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society of British Guiana," under the editorship of by Everard F. im Thura, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, and Curator of the British Guiana Museum. This Journal, which is to be published halfyearly, on the 30th June and the 31st of December, is intended to contain not only or chiefly a record of the proceedings of the Society of which it is to be the organ, but also papers and occa• sional notes on agricultural, commercial, geographical, meter ological, chemical, botanical, ornithological, entomologia anthropological and literary subjects connected with Britai Guiana. A Meteorological Record will, as soon as it can be organized, form a regular feature in the Journal. Lists the known flora and fauna of the country will be given from time to time, as they can be prepared. A series of vocabu laries of the Indian Languages of Guiana is also in prepar tion. Folk-lore, collected from the Negroes and Indians will occasionally be given. And many other kindred subjects will be treated. The first number of the Journal, to be pab lished next June, will consist of about one hundred and fifty octavo pages. Each two parts will form one volume with separate title-page, table of contents, and index. BOOKS RECEIVED. Report of the Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphis fr 1881.-Twenty-ninth Annual Report of the Children's A Society of New York.-Anatomy of the Mouth Parts and f the Sucking Apparatus of some Diptera, by George Dinmock, of Cambridge, Mass.-Catalogue of Sanskrit MS. existing in Oudh, for the year 1881, prepared by Pandit Des Prasáda. Fasciculus XIII.-Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS. the North-Western Provinces. Part VI.-Bulletin of the Boston Public Library, January, 1882.-Harvard University Bulletin, January, 1882.

DANA.-Mr. Richard Henry Dana died at Rome on the 6th of January. He was born at Cambridge, Mass., Aug. 1, 1815. Mr. Dana is best known by his work "Two Years Before the Mast," which gives the details of the life of a common sailor, from 'personal experience. "The Seaman's Friend,' a manual for seamen and published in England under this latter title, was also from his pen; besides a volume of travel entitled "To Cuba and Back." Mr. Dana was for many years a contributor to the "North American Review" and "The Law Reporter."

DRAPER.-Prof. John W. Draper died on January 4th. He was born near Liverpool, England, on May 5th, 1811, was educated at London University, but afterwards emigrated to America and took the degree of M.D. in 1836, at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Draper was the author of the following books: "A Treatise on the Organization of Plants," "A Text Book of Natural Philosophy,' A History of the Intellectual Development of Europe," "Thoughts on the Future Civil Policy of America," History of the American War," Memoirs on the Chemical Action of Light," and "Human Physiology, Statical and Dynamical."

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PARSONS.-Theophilus Parsons, LL.D., late Dane Professor of Law in the Law School at Harvard University, died at Cambridge, Mass., on Jan. 26th last, in his eighty-fifth year. In 1819 he commenced contributing to the "North American Review," and in 1822 he established the "United States Literary Gazette." The "Taunton Free Press," the "Boston Galaxy" and the “ New Jerusalem Magazine," frequently contained articles from his pen. His law writings were the "Law of Contracts," "Elements of Mercantile Law," " Laws of Business," "A Treatise on Maritime Law," " Notes and Bills of Exchange," "Law of Partnership," "Marine Insurance and General Average," "Shipping and Admiralty," and the "Political, Personal and Property Rights of a Citizen of the United States." His other works were Essays," hree vols., "Deus Homo," and the "Infinito and the Finito,"

this last a work in defence of the doctrines of Emanual Swedenborg.

SCHWENDLER.-Carl Louis Schwendler, well known in connexion with the Indian Government Telegraphy, died on January the 6th at Schoenberg, near Berlin. He was bor in 1838, and would have been 44 if he had lived till the 18th of May this year. Like all men who show a genius for particular pursuit, young Schwendler began life in a re different way to what he would have chosen had his taste and not circumstances been consulted. His mother apprentic him to a builder, and his first essay in the trade was to mit and carry mortar. He afterwards entered the office of a Gas Engineer in Berlin, near to Siemens and Halske's Telegraph Works, where he became acquainted with Dr. W. Siemens, who recognized his talent, and speedily installed him in his factory and afterwards in the laboratory. It was by this firm that he was recommended as Assistant Electrician to the Director-General of Telegraphs in India in 1868, and it was there he composed his "Testing Instructions for the Guidance of the Staff of the Government Telegraph Department afterwards published by Trübner & Co. under the title of "Instructions for Testing Telegraph Lines, and the Technica Arrangements in Offices." 2 vols. demy 8vo. We extract the following from Land and Water of January 21:I regret to announce the untimely death of Louis Schwendler, one of the founders of the Calcutta Zoological Gardens. and a most zealous student of natural history. Mr. Schwendler was specially sent out to India as electrician to the Government Electric Telegraph Department, and it would be difficult for me to tell how many of the most valuable improvements and discoveries in electrical science were due to his fertile and active brain. Eventually he fell a martyr to the science and to the service in which he was employed, having contracted jungle fever in his expedi tions in laying cables in the wild and pestilent frontier forests of Eastern Bengal. He died on January 6 at Schoeneberg, near Berlin, after much suffering. Shortly

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Fitch (N. T.)-The Law of Real Estate Agency: Having a General Application to Principals, Agents and Third Parties, as Deduced from the Decisions of the Courts, 12mo. sheep, pp. 218. Chicago. 12s. 6d. Garfield. See Conwell, Hinsdale, In Memoriam. Green (S., M.D.)-History of Medicine in Massachusetts. A Centennial Address delivered before the Massachusetts Medical Society at Cambridge, June 7, 1881. 8vo. cloth, pp. 132. Boston. 5s. Greenleaf (A. B.)-Ten Years in Texas. 8vo. paper, pp. 131. Illustrated. Selma (Ala.). 3s. Hale (E. E.)-June to May: The Sermons of & Year; Preached at the South Congregational Church in Boston, in 1880 and 1881. 12mo. cloth, pp. iv. and 216, Boston. 6s. 6d.

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An introduction treats of the physical features, gives some statistics and an account of ancient Spain. The work beginning in the 4th century with Spain under the Visigoths and comes down to the present day. It is attractively written, and has plenty of maps and illustre tions. Index.

Hartshorne (H., M.D.)-Essentials of the Prin ciples and Practice of Medicine: a Hand-book for Student and Practitioners. Fifth Edition, Revised. 8vo. cloth, p 669. Illustrated. Philadelphia. 14s.

Hassard (J. R. G.)—A Pickwickian Pilgrimage 16mo. cloth, pp. 155. Boston. 5s.

Six papers, descriptive of places in London and other English cities, Rochester, for instance, that Charles Dickens has made ce brated through his works.

Hathaway (B.)-The League of the Iroquois, and other Legends from the Indian Muse. Crown 8vo. pp. xiv. and 319. With Portrait. Chicago. 7s. 6d. Hawthorne (N.)-An Analytical Index to the

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A collection of wise witty and odd remarks and comments by famous judges, great lawyers and law reporters.

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Contains a general sketch of Gen. Garfield's life as student and teacher at Hiram College; eight addresses made at Hirain at the memorial service; twelve speeches and addresses on education and educators, made by President Garfield, and fac-similes of letters.

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Hoppin (J. M.)-Homiletics. New Edition. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxxviii. and 809. New York. 18s.

The original title of this book was "The Office and Work of the Christian Ministry." In the present edition the author has thought best, for many reasons, to treat the whole subject in two separate volumes, each of them complete in itself. "Homiletics "-the 1st volume-will be followed by another upon "Pastoral Theology," thus Comprehending the two principal themes of practical theology.

Howse (E. H.)-Japanese Episodes. 16mo. cloth,

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A series of sketches, said to be founded on fact, designed to illustrate the villainies and crimes of the "graveyard insurance" which infest some portions of Pennsylvania.

Howells (W. D.)-Doctor Breen's Practice: a Novel. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 272. Boston and London 6s. Hoyt (J. K.) and Ward (Anna L.)-Cyclopædia of Practical Quotations; English and Latin. With Appendix containing Proverbs from the Latin and Modern Foreign Languages; Law and Ecclesiastical Terms and Significations; Names, Dates, and Nationality of Quoted Authors, etc.; with Copious Indexes. 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 899. New York. £1 5s.

This cyclopædia claims to be a novelty only in the abundance of its matter, and the peculiarities of its arangement. The appendix contains, besides the matter quoted in title: Topical indexes; A concordance to English quotations, and index to translations of Latin quotations. The volume is a very handsome one altogether, finely printed on good paper, and substantially bound. It is one of those books of reference every one will find indispensable after using it a little while.

Le Plongeon (A., M.D.)-Vestiges of the Mayas; or Facts tending to prove that Communications and Intimate Relations must have existed, in very remote times. between the Inhabitants of Maya and those of Asia and Africa. 8vo. paper, pp. 86. New York. 4s.

Lesley (J. P.)- Man's Origin and Destiny, Sketched from the Platform of the Physical Sciences. Second Edition, Enlarged. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. vii. and 442. Boston and London. 7s. 6d.

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A catalogue of standard works, with the (American) prices of the best or most popular editions, and bits of criticism selected from the writings of authorities which throw light on the characteristics of each author.

Leypoldt (F.) A Reading Diary of Modern

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"The main object of this Reading Diary is to present a survey of all that is considered worth reading in the domain of modern fiction, and thus to make easy a daily record of what has been read and what to read next, with a view to comparing notes and a mutual exchange of recommendations among congenial friends."-Prefatory notice.

coholism. A Treatise on the Habits of Opium and its Compounds Alcohol, Chloral Hydrate, Chloroform, Bromide Potassium, and Cannabis Indica; including their Therapeutical Indications; with Suggestions for Treating various Painful Complications. 12mo. cloth, pp. xii. and 259. New York, 10s.

Hubbard (H. P.)-Newspaper and Bank Directory of the World. With Gazetteer and Atlas Combined. Containing the Names and Descriptions of over ThirtyThree Thousand Newspapers and Fifteen Thousand Banks throughout the World. In Two Volumes. Royal 8vo. cloth, pp. v. xxxvi. and 2461, with Maps. Facsimiles, Portraits, and Woodcuts. New Haven (Conn.) and London, 1881. £2 2s.

Embracing, substantially, all newspapers, magazines and quarterlies published upon every continent, in every empire, kingdom, nation, province and island, together with the names and locations of the leading responsible banks and banking institutions of every country upon the earth, with maps and gazetteer information of all the various nations of the world, with especially full descriptions of the several States of the United States of America; the whole making a volume at once unique, comprehensive, reliable, useful and entertaining.

Hutchinson (Ellen M.)-Songs and Lyrics; with a Frontispiece from a Painting by G. H. Boughton. 16mo. cloth, pp. 98. Boston. 68. 6d.

In Memoriam: Gems of Poetry and Song on James A. Garfield; with Portrait and Eulogy. 12mo. cloth, pp. iv. and 144. Compiled by J. C. M. Columbus (0.). 7s. 6d.

Compilation of the best poems contributed to magazines and periodicals on the occasion of the late President's death; more than 80 short poems in all by Holmes, Miss Muloch, Whittier, George Parsons Lathrop, Longfellow, Joaquin Miller, Walt Whitman and other prominent writers.

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survey.

Longfellow (H. W.)-Seven Voices of Sympathy from the Writings of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Edited by Charlotte Fiske Bates. 16mo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 258. Boston. 6s. 6d.

Loughborough (Mrs. J. H.)-My Cave Life in Vicksburg; with Letters of Trial and Travel. New issue. 16mo. paper, pp. 196. Little Rock (Ark.).

Written by a Southern lady, who lived in a cave during the whole siege of Vicksburg, during the late war. Originally published by D. Appleton and Co., in 1864.

Lusk (W. T., M.D.)-The Science and Art of Midwifery. 8vo. cloth, pp. 687. Illustrated. New York. £1 5s.

Maclay (W.)-Sketches of Debate in the First Senate of the United States in 1789-90-91. Edited by G. W. Harris. 8vo. cloth, pp. xviii. and 357. With portrait. New York. £1.

This is the journal of a Senator in Congress from Penn., during the year 1789-'91; its chief value consists in the fact that it records with some fulness, the proceedings of the first Senate organised under the Constitution, and at a period when the sessions were held with closed doors; although not a formal report of debates, as to the language used, it gives the sentiments expressed by the leading speakers on both sides, on most of the important questions discussed at length; among these were the questions of the official title for the President of the U.S., the power of removal from office, the doctrine of a protective tariff, the location of the permanent seat of government, the jurisdiction of the federal courts, etc.

Maisch (J. M.)-Manual of Organic Materia Medica. A Guide to Materia Medica of the Vegetable and Animal Kingdom; for the Use of Students, Druggists, Pharmacists and Physicians. 12mo. cloth. Illustrated. Philadelphia. 14s.

Manual of Misused Words, compiled from the Works of Alford, Freeman, Hamerton, Mill, Moon, White, and many others. 32mo. cloth, pp. iv. and 28. Bangor (Me.). Is. 6d.