II. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES.-No. xxxix. NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA............. III. THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SEA IV. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CITIES OF EUROPE.-No. XIII. FRANKFORT- ON-THE-MAINE, GERMANY. Frankfort-Geographical Position-History-Govern- ment-Its Population and Enormous Wealth-Restrictions as to Citizenship-The River Maine-Products and Manufactures-German Railroads-Profitable Investment-The Bankers, Brokers, Merchants, and Trades-people of Frankfort-Banking on the Ameri- can Plan-Dealers in Cotton Goods, Ribands, Laces, Jewelry, Books, Chemicals, etc.- Workings of the Zollverein-The Fur Trade of Germany-The Proposal of Secretary Guthrie to admit Hatters' Fur Duty Free-Shipments of German Wine, Cigars, Hosiery, and Woolen Cloths to the United States-The Salaries of Clerks, the Wages of Mechan- ics, Laboring Men, and Servants-Germany in its Political Aspect-The Germanic Con- federation-Austria, Prussia, and the Minor Powers, etc., etc................ V. THE SEVEN CENSUSES OF THE UNITED STATES-" PROGRESS OF THE UNI- Bills of Exchange and Bills of Lading-Decision of the Tribunals of Havre..... Express Business as Distinguished from Common Carriers... The Book Trade-Injunction Perpetuated-Decision of Judge Nelson............. Accounts of the Growing Crops-Speculations in Breadstuffs-The Bank Movement-Supply of Specie-Deposits at the New York Assay Office-Deposits and Coinage at the Philadelphia and New Orleans Mints-Surplus of Silver Coin-The Stock Market-Foreign Exchange- Imports at New York for May, and from January 1st-Imports of Dry Goods-Exports from New York for May, and from January 1st-Imports and Exports for Eleven Months-Cash Revenue at New York, Boston, and Philadelphia-Exports of Domestic Produce-Banks of Discount and Issue, with some Remarks on the recent Changes of Policy, etc................ Debts of the United States and the States of the Union.. Value of Property, real and personal, in Connecticut.-Transactions of the Bank of England.... 92 The Debts of Cities in the United States.-Bell's Philosophy of Joint-stock Banking... Gold and Specie received in Eugland in 1854.-Commerce and Finances of Russia............ New Banking Law of Indiana.-The Rates of Interest in Louisiana..... Statistics of the Whale Fishery Value of Exports and Imports of United States.... American and Foreign Tonnage Entered and Cleared the United States............ Trade and Commerce of the Sandwich Islands.. Cotton and Slave Statistics.-The "Indian Chief”—a Veteran Ship... Treaty of Commerce, etc., between the United States and the Argentine Confederation........ Lighthouse at Bass River, north side Vineyard Sound.... Notices to Mariners: Dundalk Flashing Light-Ireland, East Cosst. Broadhaven Fixed Light- Ireland, West Coast. Fixed Light on the Beeves Rock-Ireland, River Shannon .... Buoyage of the Queen's Channel.-Lighthouse in Northwest Passage, Key West............. Louisiana Quarantine Regulations. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE, &c. Commerce in Animals and Consumption of Animal Food The Sorgho, a new Sugar Plant.-New York Cattle Trade for 1854 Results of the Census of Great Britain-No. vi. Density and Proximity of Population.-Islands. 120 Kansas Census in 1855.-Population of St. Louis in 1854-5.............. The Alcohol of Chemistry and Commerce.-Gravel Concrete Bonus for building Ships in Louisiana.-Combination of Iron and Glass Manufacturing Boots and Shoes by Machinery. Improvement in the manufacture of Bread.-Milk as a manufacturing Ingredient RAILROAD, CANAL, AND STEAMBOAT STATISTICS. Ocean and Inland Steamers out of the Port of New York-No. 11. "The Plymouth Rock."... Stock and Debts of the Railroads in operation in the State of New York HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. JULY, 1855. Art. I.-MERCANTILE BIOGRAPHY: THOMAS HANDASYD PERKINS. THOMAS HANDASYD PERKINS was born in Boston, December 15, 1764, and named for his maternal grandfather, Thomas Handasyd Peck, who dealt largely in furs and the importation of hats. His father was a merchant, who died in middle age, leaving a widow and eight children, three sons and five daughters, most of them very young. She was a woman of excellent principles and remarkable energy, and undertook the heavy charge thus devolved upon her with deep solicitude, (as appeared from a subsequent reference of her own to this passage of her life,) but with firmness and ability. She appears to have assumed some part of the business of her husband, who had been connected with George Erving, one of the principal merchants in the town. Letters from Holland are remembered which were addressed to her as Mr. Elizabeth Perkins; and when her eldest son, having attained the age of manhood, went some years afteward to the Island of St. Domingo, where he established himself, he sailed from Boston in a ship, the Beaver, of which his mother was part owner, and which had been chartered to the French government to transport part of their cavalry to Cape Francois. This estimable lady discharged her duties successfully, rearing her children with such advantages as fitted them for stations of responsibility, which they afterward filled with credit to themselves and to her; and at the same time taking an active part herself with the charitable associations of the town, which is shown by acknowledgments found among her papers and in records of her services as treasurer and otherwise, from those with whom she acted. On her decease in 1807, it was voted "that the officers of the Boston Female Asylum wear a badge of mourning for the term of seventy-one days," (corresponding probably to the years of her life,) " in token of their high consideration and respect for the virtues of the deceased, and of their grateful and affectionate sense of her liberal and essential patronage as a founder and friend of the institution." She is still remembered by a few gentlemen, sons of her former neighbors and associates, as an excellent friend, of active benevolence, and as a lady of dignified, but frank and cordial manners. Numerous descendants of hers, under various names, now move in different walks of life in the United States, in Europe, and Asia, and not a few of them distinguished for prosperity and the wise use of wealth, and for intelligence and refinement, as well as for the sound principles which she inculcated on all. The success of several of the branches of her family was essentially promoted by the energy and warm-hearted sympathy of the subject of this memoir, who was the second son, only six years of age at the death of his father in 1771. Some notice of one, who was himself an eminent merchant, and in reference to whom it may be said that both his father and mother were merchants, seems to find an appropriate place in a commercial magazine. His father lived in King-street, now State-street, where the conflict took place between the citizens and the troops, called afterwards the "Boston massacre;" and though he was little more than five years old at that time, the sight of the dead bodies and of the blood, frozen the next day on the street, made an impression on his mind that was never obliterated. The troops being quartered near there, many of the officers were afterwards visitors in his mother's family. At about seven years of age he was put under the care of a clergyman of great respectability at Middleborough, about thirty miles from Boston, and was afterwards at school in Boston, until intercourse with the country being stopped, his mother retired with her family to Barnstable, where she resided till the town was evacuated by the enemy. His grandfather, Mr. Peck, remained in Boston through the siege, but was near being sent home to be tried as a rebel for freedom of speech. While living with his mother at Barnstable, both his legs were broken by an unlucky accident, as he was returning from an excursion in the woods; and though the limbs were well set, and he soon recovered the use of them, he occasionally felt the effect of the injury when the weather was bad, even in advanced age. There, too, he formed an early and close friendship, that remained unbroken for nearly eighty years, until terminated by death, with one of his companions whom he had saved from drowning the late distinguished lawyer and statesman, Harrison Gray Otis, nephew of the revolutionary patriot. Some time after the return of the family to town, his mother decided on giving him a collegiate education, and he was sent, with other boys from Boston-one of whom was the Hon. John Welles, now the oldest living graduate of Harvard-to an instructor at Hingham, the Rev. Mr. Shute, noted for his success in preparing lads for college. After residing there three years, and being prepared for Cambridge, he was so reluctant to enter college, that it was decided that he should go into a counting-house. He was strongly inclined by temperament to active life. Vigorous and bold, |