The A. M. E. Zion Church is another of the powerful religious denominations among the colored people, and is everywhere urging the race to a higher standard of living in all respects. Their membership is in the neighborhood of 500,000. They support and control, entirely, Livingston College, of Salisbury, N. C., a progressive and wellmanned institution, and the Star of Zion, the church organ, ably edited by Mr. John C. Dancy. The Livingston College Faculty is all colored, and it has property valued at over $100,000.

The Northern Methodist Church supports many churches in the South ministered over by colored pastors. There are several schools supported by them, prominent among which is Bennet College of Greensboro, N. C., and controlled entirely by a colored Faculty. Other schools of this denomination, manned by white Faculties, are, with Bennet College, doing a most necessary and beneficial work among the colored people. So might be mentioned schools and churches supported by Northern Presbyterians, Northern Congregationalists, Episcopalians, and other denominations, all of which are to be reckoned as great uplifting agencies among the colored people. Some of the Northern societies spend hundreds of thousands of dollars every year on Negro education and religion in the South. The daily expenditure of the American

Missionary Association for schools and churches in the South is estimated at $1200.

The Presbyterian Church has not spread as rapidly among the Negroes as some other forms of belief, and yet within the past twenty-five years that church has taken a strong hold among them, chiefly in Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Tennessee. Within the territory embraced in these States, there are 2 Synods, 10 Presbyteries, 200 ministers, 250 churches, 18,000 communicants, and 15,000 Sabbath-school scholars. Except twelve or fifteen ministers, and a few score members, these synods are composed of Negroes, who control the affairs of the churches and schools. They are in ecclesiastical fellowship with the Northern Presbyterian Church. Their organ is the AfricoAmerican Presbyterian, published at Charlotte, N. C., by the Africo-American Presbyterian Publishing Company, with Rev. D. J. Sanders, D.D.,* as editor. This journal has a wide circulation.

Educational Work of the Presbyterians.Under the auspices of the Presbyterians are Lincoln University, Oxford, Pennsylvania, which is their leading institution for educating colored men, and from which more Negro graduates have gone out, into all the professions and as ministers and teachers, into the different denominations, than from any similar school in the country; Biddle University,

* Dead.

Charlotte, N. C., ranking among the first in the South, now presided over by Rev. D. J. Sanders,* D.D., has an able Faculty of white and colored men; and the far-famed Scotia Seminary, at Concord, N. C., under the presidency of Rev. D. J. Satterfield, D.D., with an able corps of teachers. Scotia Seminary has done, and is doing, much for the education of colored girls, and ranks second to none of the seminaries of its kind. The attendance last year was 240, and accommodations are being provided for 150 more.

* Dead.

† Retired.

CHAPTER XXXI.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS.

Can the Negro learn anything? was the first question he had to answer after schools were established for him. He has answered this question satisfactorily to the most incredulous in every instance where brought to a test. The fact that every slave State had laws against his being taught before the war, and that they opposed it afterwards, ought to be a sufficient answer. But if this is not sufficient, let speak the deeds of Professor Scarborough, of Macon, Ga., author of a series of Greek text-books which have been adopted at Yale; George W. Williams, author of "History of the American Negro;" Jos. T. Wilson, author of "Black Phalanx;" C. G. Morgan, class orator at Harvard, 1890, and a host of others.

WHAT THE SOUTH IS DOING FOR NEGRO EDUCATION.

It would be a serious error to omit, in speaking of the educational progress of the Negro since freedom, what has been done to help him by the Southern States. Though at first bitterly opposed to Negro education, there has been a wonderful change of sentiment on this subject. They made laws