LETTER

ON THE AFFAIRS OF IRELAND,

Dear Sir,

IN

WRITTEN IN THE YEAR 1797*.

N the reduced state of body, and in the dejected state of mind, in which I find myself at this very advanced period of my life, it is a great consolation to me to know, that a cause I ever had so very near my heart is taken up by a man of your activity and talents.

It is very true that your late friend, my ever dear and honoured son, was in the highest degree solicitous about the final event of a business, which he also had pursued for a long time with infinite zeal, and no small degree of success. It was not above half an hour before he left me for ever, that he spoke with considerable earnestness on this very subject. If I had needed any incentives to do my best for freeing the body of my country from the grievances, under which they labour, this alone would certainly call forth all my endeavours.

The person, who succeeded to the Government. of Ireland about the time of that afflicting event, had been all along of my sentiments and your's upon this subject; and far from needing to be

For some account of the Manuscript, from which this Letter is printed, see the Introductory Letter, p. 6.

stimulated by me, that incomparable person, and those, in whom he strictly confided, even went before me in their resolution to pursue the great end of Government, the satisfaction and concord of the people, with whose welfare they were charged. I cannot bear to think on the causes, by which this great plan of policy, so manifestly beneficial to both kingdoms, has been defeated.

Your mistake with regard to me lies in supposing that I did not, when his removal was in agitation, strongly and personally represent to several of his Majesty's Ministers, to whom I could have the most ready access, the true state of Ireland, and the mischiefs, which sooner or later must arise from subjecting the mass of the people to the capricious and interested domination of an exceeding small faction and its dependencies.

That representation was made the last time, or very nearly the last time, that I have ever had the honour of seeing those Ministers. I am so far from having any credit with them on this, or any other publick matters, that I have reason to be certain, if it were known that any person in office in Ireland, from the highest to the lowest, were influenced by my opinions, and disposed to act upon them, such an one would be instantly turned out of his employment. You have formed to my person a flattering, yet in truth a very erroneous, opinion of my power with those, who direct the publick measures.

I

never have been directly or indirectly consulted about any thing, that is done. The judgment of the eminent and able persons, who conduct publick affairs, is undoubtedly superiour to mine: but self partiality induces almost every man to defer something to his own. Nothing is more notorious, than that I have the misfortune of thinking that no one capital measure relative to political arrangements, and still less that a new military plan for the defence of either kingdom in this arduous war, has been taken upon any other principle, than such as must conduct us to inevitable ruin.

In the state of my mind, so discordant with the tone of Ministers, and still more discordant with the tone of Opposition, you may judge what degree of weight I am likely to have with either of the parties, who divide this kingdom; even though I were endowed with strength of body, or were possessed of any active situation in the Government, which might give success to my endeavours. But the fact is, since the day of my unspeakable calamity, except in the attentions of a very few old and compassionate friends, I am totally out of all social intercourse. My health has gone down very rapidly; and I have been brought hither with very faint hopes of life, and enfeebled to such a degree, as those, who had known me some time ago, could scarcely think credible. Since I came hither, my sufferings have been greatly aggravated, and my

little strength still further reduced; so that, though I am told the symptoms of my disorder begin to carry a more favourable aspect, I pass the far larger part of the twenty-four hours, indeed almost the whole, either in my bed, or lying upon the couch, from which I dictate this. Had you been apprized of this circumstance, you could not have expected any thing, as you seem to do, from my active exertions. I could do nothing, if I was still stronger, not even "Si meus adforet Hector."

There is no hope for the body of the people of Ireland, as long as those, who are in power with you, shall make it the great object of their policy to propagate an opinion on this side of the water, that the mass of their countrymen are not to be trusted by their Government: and that the only hold, which England has upon Ireland, consists in preserving a certain very small number of gentlemen in full possession of a monopoly of that kingdom. This system has disgusted many others besides Catholicks and Dissenters.

As to those, who on your side are in the opposition to Government, they are composed of persons, several of whom I love and revere. They have been irritated by a treatment too much for the ordinary patience of mankind to bear into the adoption of schemes, which, however argumentatively specious, would go practically to the inevitable ruin of the kingdom. The Opposition always connects the emancipation of the Catholicks with these schemes

of reformation: indeed it makes the former only a member of the latter project. The gentlemen, who enforce that opposition, are, in my opinion, playing the game of their adversaries with all their might; and there is no third party in Ireland (nor in England neither) to separate things, that are in themselves so distinct, I mean the admitting people to the benefits of the Constitution, and the change in the form of the Constitution itself.

As every one knows that a great part of the Constitution of the Irish House of Commons was formed about the year 1614, expressly for bringing that House into a state of dependence; and that the new representative was at that time seated and installed by force and violence; nothing can be more impolitick than for those, who wish the House to stand on its present basis, (as for one, I most sincerely do) to make it appear to have kept too much the principle of its first institution, and to continue to be as little a virtual, as it is an actual, representative of the Commons. It is the degeneracy of such an institution, so vicious in its principle, that is to be wished for. If men have the real benefit of a sympathetick representation, none but those, who are heated and intoxicated with theory, will look for any other. This sort of representation, my dear Sir, must wholly depend, not on the force, with which it is upheld, but upon the prudence of those, who have influence upon it. Indeed, without some such prudence in the use of authority, I do

not