architect of the Commissioners, who, on reporting himself to his local representative, Mr. Colson, was referred to the treasurer, without whose approbation nothing was to be done. A stone-mason's yard was then established in the close in a convenient position, and by the mason and his mates, at little cost beyond that of wages and materials, an immense amount of work was accomplished. The whole of the pinnacles of the buttresses on the north side were taken down and renewed, and the decayed and dangerous mullions and tracery in the windows over the entire building, which were very numerous, were taken out and restored with new stone exactly in the original form. Numberless repairs and restorations were thus effected by cutting out the old stones and inserting new ones with great care and reverence, every stone that was inserted being the exact counterpart of the one removed. And this process of constant reparation appears to be still going on, for on June 5, 1889, the 'Guardian' gives the following quotation from the Hampshire Chronicle:' 'The heads forming the dripstone terminations of the arches of the south aisle of the nave of Winchester Cathedral are in many cases greatly weathered, although here and there are fine heads remaining of kings or bishops. The Cathedral carver has replaced two that were defaced near the south entrance by those of Bishop Harold Browne and Bishop McDougall-both mitred. For those who are interested in such matters it may be worth mentioning that the stone used was a Somersetshire stone, from Shepton Mallet, called Doulting stone, admirable for outside work, and with time exactly assimilating with the ancient materials, while for internal work, such as the repair of the great reredos, Caen stone was employed.'

He also strove, and successfully, to increase the dignity of the services, which was not a superfluous task, for the excellent persons who formed the Chapter were not, for the most part, of the school that most valued ceremonial worship. It was not that he desired any advanced ritual. Elevations, or

prostrations, or prostrating acolytes, or the censing of persons and things, would have been as unpalatable to him as to any of his brethren. Under his influence the officiating clergy and choristers, after assembling in the transept, proceeded in a single orderly procession to their places and departed in like manner. The celebrations on Sundays and holidays were conducted with great solemnity, and after the due disposal of the remains (if any) of the holy elements, the sacred vessels were reverently carried out by the consecrating clergy. He also, for a long time, held a Bible class of the Cathedral bedesmen every week, and caused a library to be formed for the choirboys, which was managed by his daughters.

For one rather unfortunate matter relating to the Cathedral Bishop McDougall was not responsible. A large sum had been raised for a memorial to Bishop Wilberforce, and after providing a new and beautiful oak screen to the choir, an elaborate altar-tomb in marble, with a full-length recumbent effigy under a Gothic canopy, was prepared with the united skill of Sir G. Scott and Mr. Armstead, the sculptor. All who know Winchester Cathedral recognise as its crowning ornament the monument of William of Wykeham, dear to old Wykehamists from the time of the Earl of Essex, who while in command of the Roundheads is said to have threatened to leave the Parliamentary cause if it were defaced; and there were those, and Bishop McDougall amongst them, who thought that here was to be found the opportunity of giving it a fitting pendant on the opposite side of the nave, and that the two great ecclesiastics should 'lie in glory' together, each in his own resting-place. Unfortunately there were divided counsels, and a march was stolen upon those members of the Chapter who agreed with the treasurer, and the work was begun and so far advanced that discussion became useless, and Bishop Wilberforce's monument now rests in the transept. Its position is, however, a matter of taste, and not permanently important. There have been eminent men in the past, but there

are far more to follow in the future, and the Cathedrals, as national monuments, must contain their memorials, which will, no doubt, be still more beautiful hereafter, as is proved by the incomparable recumbent figure of good Bishop Fraser, since placed in the Cathedral at Manchester.

He found one interesting survival from his early life in the Cathedral. It is, as is well known, the graceful custom that, when a regiment receives new colours, the old ones, war and weatherworn as they may be, are deposited in the Cathedral of the city in which the new ones are presented, to be reverently preserved as a trophy as long as two shreds of warp and woof can hang together. This had been the case at Winchester with those of the 7th Fusiliers, and the Bishop used to point them out with great satisfaction as the identical ensigns which excited his childish admiration, as they waved over his father's regiment at Corfu and Malta.

Very different from the isolation of Ely is the central position of Winchester. A provincial, once a national capital, and a great county town, surrounded by an important and wellpeopled district, a military depot, and the location of one of the great public schools of England, one so eminent that the word 'Winchester' suggests it to many rather than any other of the institutions of the ancient city, it combined all phases of society. Winchester College was always a pleasure to our Bishop, and he delighted to be associated with it. Some of the masters were among his very warm friends, and at his Sunday dinner a visitor would always find some gowned urchins or tall youths as his guests, pleased with a few hours of home life, but terribly learned, as Winchester scholars are always expected to be.

When in May of 1874 he commenced residence in Winchester the Close was in all its beauty, the flowering shrubs were out, and the great trees putting on their first fresh foliage. The voices of the wood-pigeon, the thrush, and the blackbird were heard in the gardens, the ancient canonry houses with

their quaint architecture prompted the expectation of congenial society, and above towered the great walls and archways of the Cathedral, giving completeness to the whole. All seemed full of the promise of happiness, and for some years, in spite of their weak health and the imperfections that beset all things human, the promise was fulfilled. Their first residence, while their own house was preparing, was in a canonry house belonging to Archdeacon Jacob, the justly popular Archdeacon of Wilts, in Dumb Alley, not so called from any characteristic quality that belonged to it or its inhabitants, but as a corruption of Dom or Cathedral Alley, being part of the Close itself. The old house, lined with black oak and with its pleasant garden, was at once filled with a tribe of candidates, 'a nice set of fellows,' says Miss McDougall, 'one of whom confided to me that he had just been reading "Alton Locke,” and had an earnest desire to see "a dean's daughter," a privilege which, to his great contentment, was bestowed upon him.' For on Sunday afternoon, after the ordination, the whole party, including the two Bishops and the Dean, Mrs. McDougall, and the young ladies, with the young gentlemen in waiting, walked to St. Catherine's Hill, best known as ' Hills' at the college, to enjoy, from the summit of the steep little down, the delightful prospect over the old city, with its towers and churches set in the emerald of the deep water-meadows around it.

When they removed into their own house, also with oakpanelled walls and staircase and many good rooms, and a large garden immediately under the walls of the college, they seem to have all settled down to the occupations best befitting the life before them. Mrs. McDougall took an active interest in the charitable institutions of the city, the Bishop was busy, while in residence, with his duties as Canon, and when free from them, did much work as Bishop on behalf of his diocesan, and on his own account as Archdeacon. Amongst other functions performed by him were several visits, with confirma

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tions, to the Channel Islands, which are in the diocese of Winchester.

His first visits were in 1875 and 1876. The Bishop of Winchester had visited them in 1874, but was not fond of the sea, and on some occasions, with his overwhelming engagements, was glad to hand them over to such an old salt as Bishop McDougall, on others to have his companionship and to leave to him the visitation of the lesser islands of Sark and Alderney. These visits were, on many accounts, pleasant to the latter, and in the navigation of those treacherous seas there was just enough peril to give a zest to the wanderings of a lover of the ocean. Thus, in his last visit, in August 1884, he wrote to his wife: I confirmed forty-two at Sark yesterday. Going we got lost in a fog, and had to let go anchor among a heap of nasty rocks. After waiting two hours, with the unpleasant noise of breakers all round us, which we could not see, the fog lifted a little, so that we crawled out of our dangerous berth, and at length got to the Creux Terrible, where we found boats in waiting to land us-the candidates having been already some two hours in church. We met the Jersey steamer also in a pickle, but she, too, got in safely. To-morrow we start for Jersey. Bishop is well; I am better than I was.'

In 1875 and 1876 he was accompanied by his eldest daughter and one or more of his other children. She relates, that on the first of these visits, on arriving at St. Helier's, to his surprise he found the Dean of Jersey, with the clergy of the island, assembled in state on the quay to receive him. They had had a rough passage, and he was in travelling trim, with a soft hat and puggaree round it, and over all a voluminous Arab bernouse with a red tassel. On seeing the clergy he rushed into the cabin for his shovel hat, but as he went over the gangway was far from looking properly got up for such a solemnity.

On leaving Jersey after his first confirmation there, he took his children a tour in Normandy and Brittany, of which