ART. XV.-On the Geographical Distribution of Crustacea; by JAMES D. DANA. (Continued from vols. xvi, xviii, and xix.) HAVING in the preceding pages on the geographical distribution of Crustacea, treated of their distribution according to zones of temperature, I now take up the other branch of the subject.The Distribution of Crustacea according to Geographical Provinces. In presenting a series of tables in which the distribution of the Genera is given, I divide the surface of the globe, for marine zoological geography, into three sections, the Occidental, the Africo-European, and the Oriental; the first, including the east and west coasts of America and adjoining islands; the second, the eastern side of the Atlantic Ocean, the coasts of Europe, and also of Africa as far as the Cape of Good Hope; the third, embracing the Indian Ocean, and its coasts and islands, the East Indies and the Pacific Ocean, with its coasts and islands, exclusive of the western coast of America and the neighboring islands. The total number of species in each is given in a separate column. I make further groupings or subdivisions, by which the several portions of these great regions are distinguished. These general tables are not here copied from the author's Report, and particular explanations therefore need not be given. The following is an abstract of some of the results: The division A, includes the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and islands of America; B, the European and West African coasts and islands, from Cape Horn to Greenland inclusive; and C, the coasts and islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans (America excluded).* The discrepancies between the enumeration here and the summaries of the preceding tables, arise from species omitted in one or both, on account of the uncertainty of their localities. fla, means that 1 of the 24 is identical with a species under A; and 16, that 1 of the 63, is identical with a species under B. So, below. The table affords the following lists of genera of the three grand divisions, according to the present state of the science. SECOND SERIES, Vol. XX, No. 59.-Sept. 1855. 22 2. GENERA EXCLUSIVELY OF THE AFRICO-EUROPEAN DIVISION. 1. Maioidea.-Lissa, Stenorhynchus, Amathia, Eurynome. 2. Cancroidea.-Perimela, Portumnus, Polybius. 3. Grapsoidea.-Gonoplax, Heterograpsus, Brachynotus, Hyme nosoma. 4. Leucosoidea.—Ilia. 5. Corystoidea.-Thia, Corystes. 6. Anomoura.-Homola. 7. Macroura.-Axius, Calocaris, Ephyra, Gnathophyllum. 3. GENERA EXCLUSIVELY ORIENTAL, OR OF THE THIRD DIVISION. 1. Maioidea.-Macrocheira, Paramithrax, Micippa, Lahaina, Naxia, Hyastenus, Pyria, Cyclax, Camposcia, Paramicippa, Tiarinia, Perinea, Halimus, Menæethius, Stenocionops, Huenia, Xenocarcinus, Parthenope, Eumedonus, Ceratocarcinus, Gonatonotus, Eurynolambrus. 2. Cancroidea.-Atergatis, Liomera, Liagora, Medæus, Halimede, Etisus, Carpilodes, Zozymus, Daïra, Cymo, Polydectus, Ethra, Galene, Pseudozius, Melia, Acanthodes, Actumnus, Ruppellia, Domæcius, Trapezia, Tetralia, Quadrella, Scylla, Charybdis, Lissocarcinus, Podophthalmus. 3. Grapsoidea.-Curtonotus, Cleistostoma, Macrophthalmus, ⚫ Helacius, Scopimera, Doto, Eriocheir, Platynotus, Trichopus, Sarmatium, Helice, Gecarcinicus, Xenophthalmus, Xanthasia, Hymenicus, Elamena, Myctiris. 4. Leucosoidea.-Mursia, Orythia, Thealia, Matuta, Philyra, Leucisca, Nucia, Nursia, Myra, Ixa, Iphis, Arcania, Oreophorus, Tlos, Ethusa. 5. Corystoidea.-Kraussia, Eidia, Dicera. 6. Anomoura.-Caphyra, Raninoides, Ranina, Notopus, Lyreidus, Cosmonotus, Lomis, Diogenes, Aniculus, Birgus. 7. Macroura.-Laomedia, Glaucothoe, Callianidea, Callisea, Thenus, Ibacus, Astacoides, Paranephrops, Cyclorhynchus, Atyoida, Alope, Edipus, Harpilius, Anchistia, Palæmonella, Hymenocera, Oplophorus, Regulus, Stenopus, Spongicola, Acetes, Eucopia. 4. GENERA COMMON TO THE AMERICAN AND AFRICO-EUROPEAN DIVISIONS, BUT NOT IN THE THIRD, OR ORIENTAL. 1. Maioidea.-Hyas, Herbstia, Leptopodia, Stenorhynchus. 2. Cancroidea.-Atelecyclus. 3. Anomoura.-Munida, Grimothea. 4. Macroura.-Homarus. 5. GENERA COMMON TO THE AFRICO-EUROPEAN AND ORIENTAL DIVISIONS, NOT YET FOUND IN THE OCCIDENTAL. 1. Maioidea.-Inachus, Doclea, Maia, Achæus, Lambrus. 2. Cancroidea.-Actæa, Actrodes, Thalamita, Portunus, Telphusa. 3. Leucosoidea.-Cycloes, Ebalia, Dorippe. 4. Anomoura.-Latreillia, Cymopolia, Remipes. 5. Macroura.-Nika, Lysmata, Caridinia. 6. GENERA COMMON TO The three dIVISIONS. 1. Maioidea.-Pisa, Mithrax (mainly Occid.), Acanthonyx. 2. Cancroidea.-Xantho, Panopæus (mainly Occidental), Pilumnus, Eriphia, Lupa, Amphitrite, Carcinus, Platyonychus. 3. Grapsoidea.-Grapsus, Goniograpsus, Sesarma (sparingly European), Acanthopus, Plagusia, Pinnothera, Calappa. 4. Anomoura.-Dromia (sparingly Occid.), Albunæa, Porcellana, Lithodes, Paguristes, Bernhardus, Pagurus (mainly Orient.), Clibanarius, Galathea. 5. Macroura.-Gebia, Scyllarus, Panulirus, Palinurus, Astacus, Crangon, Alpheus, Betæus, Hippolyte, Pandalus, Palamon, Sicyonia, Penæus. The following are lists of species common to two or more of the three divisions. They may be much changed by farther study, through the discovery that the specimens from distant localities are not conspecific. Should this happen, there is a relation indicated based on their close similarity, which is important. 1. SPECIES STATED TO BE COMMON TO DIVISIONS A. AND B., OR THE AMERICAN AND THE AFRICO-EUROPEAN WATERS. Hyas coarctata: Massachusetts and Long Island, in United States; France; England; Shetlands. Leptopodia sagittaria: Canaries; West Indies; Valparaiso. Panopaus Herbstii: Mediterranean; Key West, South Carolina, and New York in United States. Carcinus manas: Mediterranean at Nice; Crimea; England; Massachusetts, United States. Grapsus pictus: Madeira; Peru and Chili; (also various Pacific islands). Planes minutus: Atlantic Ocean, and occasionally found on both the American and European coasts. Goniograpsus varius: Canaries; Mediterranean at Algiers, Nice, Italy; Crimea; Brittany; and probably at Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Sesarma reticulata: Key West and South Carolina, in United States; and in South Africa, according to McLeay. Acanthopus planissimus: West Indies; Canaries; Madeira; Cape Town and Port Natal, South Africa; (also various tropical Pacific islands). Plagusia squamosa: West Indies; Key West, South Carolina, in United States; Canaries; Madeira (also, Isle of France; Indian Ocean; Red Sea; Port Natal). Plagusia tomentosa: Chili; Cape Town; (also New Zealand). Albunaa symnista: Canaries; Mediterranean (also Pondicherry); and if the A. oxyophthalmus is the same species, it occurs in the West Indies, and on the coast of South Carolina. Lithodes Maia: Great Britain; Shetlands; Norway; coast of Massachusetts (rare). Bernhardus streblonyx: Great Britain; France; Mediterranean; Norway; Massachusetts, in United States; (also Kamtschatka). Cenobita diogenes: West Indies; Mediterranean, (Hawaii ?). Crangon vulgaris: Great Britain; France; United States; San Francisco and Puget's Sound, Western America. Crangon boreas: Norway; Iceland; Greenland; Massachusetts (in fish); (also, Kamtschatka). Pandalus annulicornis: Scotland and Shetlands; Norway; Iceland; Massachusetts (rare). Gonodactylus chiragrus: Mediterranean; Key West; (also, Red Sea; Port Natal, South Africa; Isle of France; East Indies; Swan River, Australia; Pacific Ocean, at Feejees, Tongatabu, &c.). 2. SPECIES COMMON TO B. AND C., THE AFRICO-EUROPEAN AND ORIENTAL SEAS. Mithrax dichotomus : Mediterranean; East Indies. Achæus Cranchii: Mediterranean; Japan (probably same species). Actaa rufo-punctata: Canaries and Mediterranean; Isle of France, Indian Ocean. Thalamita admete: Canaries; Port Natal, South Africa; Red Sea; Indian Ocean, and East Indies; Pacific Ocean, at the Fejees, Samoa, Hawaiian Islands, Wake's Island, &c. Pilumnus Forskalii: Canaries; Red Sea. Grapsus pictus: see above. Grapsus strigosus: Canaries: South Africa; Red Sea; East Indies. Goniograpsus messor: Canaries; Port Natal, South Africa; Red Sea; East Indies. Planes minutus: Atlantic; Japan. |