the red Romano-Salopian ware, is also made from one of the clays of the Severn Valley, but is of finer texture, and consists principally of jugs not dissimilar to those in the white ware, except in a very different form of mouth; and of bowl-shaped colanders. The pottery of the New Forest, in Hampshire, is of great variety of form and material. Some of the vessels are shown in Figs. 164 to 174, and these will be sufficient to give an idea of some of the most prevalent varieties of Romano-British pottery. Other potworks have been found at Colchester, Headington (near Oxford), Winterton, Wilderspool, London, Ashdon, York, Worcester, Marlborough, and many other places; but their peculiarities need not be entered upon here. Anglo-Saxon pottery, so far as examples have come down to us, is almost, if not entirely, confined to sepulchral urns. We know, from the illuminated MSS. of the period, to which we are accustomed to turn for information upon almost any point, that other vessels (pitchers, dishes, etc.) were made and used, but those which have come down to us are almost exclusively sepulchral vessels. Cinerary urns are, therefore, almost the only known productions of the Saxon potteries, and these, like those of the Celtic period, were doubtless, in almost all cases, made near the spot where the burial took place, and were formed of the clays of the neighbourhood. The shapes of the cinerary urns are somewhat peculiar, and partake largely of the Frankish form. Unlike the Celtic urns, they are contracted at the mouth, and have a kind of neck instead of the overhanging lip or rim which characterizes so much of the sepulchral pottery of that period. They are formed by hand, not on the wheel, like so many of the Romano-British period, and are usually of a dark-coloured clay, sometimes nearly black, at other times a dark brown, and occasionally of a slate or greenish tint, produced by surface colouring. The general form of these vessels will be understood by reference to the engravings. Most of them are of plain form, but others have projecting knobs, or bosses, formed by pressing out the pliant clay from the inside with the hand. In others these raised bosses take the form of ribs gradually swell ing out from the bottom, till at the top they expand into semi-egg-shaped protuberances. The ornamentation on the urns usually consists of encircling incised lines in bands or otherwise, and vertical or zigzag lines arranged in a variety of ways; and, not unfrequently, the knobs or protuberances of which I have just spoken. Sometimes, also, they present evident attempts at imitation of the Roman eggand-tongue ornament. The marked feature of the pottery of this period is the frequency of small punctured or impressed ornaments, which are introduced along with the lines or bands with very good effect. These ornaments were evidently produced by the end of a stick cut and notched across in different directions so as to form crosses and other patterns. In some districts-especially in the East Angles-they are ornamented with simple patterns painted upon their surface in white; but so far as my knowledge goes, no example of this kind of decoration has been found in the Mercian cemeteries. The pottery of the Norman period consists principally of pitchers, dishes, bowls, or basins, and porringers or pipkins-the bowls or basins and dishes being used for drinking purposes as well as for placing cooked meats in; the pitchers for holding and carrying ale, mead, water, and other liquors to the table; and the porringers both for cooking and eating purposes. The engraving (Fig. 184), from an illuminated MS. of the 12th century, |