though it must have been painted more than one hundred years ago, as Mrs. Graham, a daughter of Lord Cathcart, was married in 1774, and died in 1792, fifty-one years before her husband's death. The picture reminds one of the fine lines of Pope, in his 'Epistle' to Mr. Jervas :— Yet still her charms in breathing paint engage; Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. SEA-MONSTER.-The following narrative of an encounter with a nondescript inhabitant of the ocean appeared in the Daily Telegraph, Aug. 16. Apparently this huge salt-water animal had no near affinity with the so-called "sea-serpent," its length being a mere paltry thirty feet; yet, insignificant as it may be considered in comparison with the more famous dweller in the deeps, its first appearance before the eyes of man is worth recording. "A remarkable encounter with a strange sea monster is reported by the crew of the barque Loongana, which arrived from the Gilbert Group to-day. The vessel was drifting along somewhere in the vinicity of the Santa Cruz group when the helmsmen shouted out that there was a whale alongside. According to the mate, the visitor, which almost touched the vessel's side, was not a whale at all, but a monster 30 ft. long and 11 ft. broad, completely different to anything ever seen before by any one on the ship. It had a mouth large enough to take in half a dozen men. It resembled a whale about the tail, but was differently formed about the head, and was of a dark colour spotted with white. The eyes were visible. Fearing an attack from the monster, two shots were fired at his body from a Winchester rifle, but the bullets appeared to have not the slightest effect. A third shot, which struck its head, had the desired result, and with one sweep of the tail it turned and disappeared as suddenly as it had hove in sight." Has any one ever been at the trouble of compiling a trustworthy catalogue of the books, magazines, and newspapers giving authenticated information relating to the appearance of the sea-serpent and other marine monsters of unknown species ? T. R. E. N. T. JOHN SMEATON, F.R.S. (1724-1792), CIVIL ENGINEER.-John Smeaton, born at Austhorpe, co. York, June 8,1724, and baptized at Whitkirk, in the same county, on June 24 following, was the eldest son of William Smeaton, attorney-at-law, of Austhorpe Lodge in the said parish of Whitkirk, born July 13, 1684, baptized in the parish church of Leeds, Aug. 6 seq., married at Kellington, co. York, April 8, 1722, Mary Stones, of Beal, spinster, and died April 17, 1749. The said Mary Smeaton died Oct. 18, 1759, aged sixty-five, and was buried at Paddington, co. Middlesex. Smeaton married on June 8, 1756, Ann (ob. Jan. 17, 1784), and had issue three daughters, Ann, Mary, and Hannah; he died Oct. 28, 1792, and was interred in the family burying-place in the chancel of Whitkirk Church. His arms were: Az., a fess between three ploughs or, impaling a fess ar., and in chief three estoiles. Crest, a bird. (See Harl. MS. 1045, fol. 56; Records of the Parish of Whitkirk,' p. 60, ed. by George M. Platt and John Wm. Morkill, 8vo., Leeds, 1892.) DANIEL HIPWELL. A SISTER OF DICKENS.-The appearance of the novelist's elder sister as a pianist, on the stage of Drury Lane Theatre, has not, I think, been noticed by any writer. Her name occurs in the play bill on the occasion of Harley's benefit (May 29, 1827) among the performers in a concert introduced between the pieces, and supported by Miss Stephens, Miss Fanny Ayton, and others. She was announced thus: "Miss Dickens (of the Royal Academy of Music), the celebrated pupil of Mr. Moscheles, will perform her master's Recollections of Ireland.""" For the same actor's benefit, in the following year, she played 'Anticipations of Scotland,' also by Moscheles. Harley appears to have been an early friend of the Dickens family, and it was probably to his interest that Dickens owed the production of his plays at the St. James's Theatre, which happened while Harley was stage WM. DOUGLAS. manager there. the term "deadlock" is now so common that it is DEADLOCK.-The metaphorical application of surprising to find that, apparently, this usage has a comparatively recent origin. Judging from Wilkie Collins's 'Woman in White,' one is led to the inference that it was fairly establishing its claim to recognition when that work was written. In chap. iii. of Mr. Gilmore's portion of the narrative we find, "In the detestable slang of the day, we were now both at a deadlock,' and nothing was left for it but to refer to our clients on either side." As Mr. Gilmore wrote ostensibly in the end of 1849, the conclusion to be drawn is that this particular form of expression is only half a century old. Dr. Brewer, in 'Phrase and Fables,' s.v. "Dead Lock," quotes, without date, from the Times, "Things are at a dead-lock." THOMAS BAYNE. Helensburgh, N.B. RELICS OF CHARLES I.-In the vestry of the church of Ashburnham, Sussex, are still preserved the following relics of Charles I., viz., the shirt, stained with blood, in which Charles I. was beheaded; his watch, which he gave to Mr. Ashburnham; also his white silk drawers, and the sheet that was thrown over his body. These relics were given in 1743 by Mr. Ashburnham to the clerk of the parish and his successors for ever, and were exhibited as great curiosities. BEAUFORT GRIMALDI. is a query by CANON SPARROW SIMPSON, to which the [See 1st S. vi. 173; x. 469. At the earlier reference above contribution furnishes a reply.] Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. TRAY-CLOTH.-Can any one explain to me the meaning of the pattern woven in a tray-cloth in my possession, where the linen was made, and its probable date? The cloth is thirty-one inches wide and forty inches long. Round it runs a conventional border, and within this border is the following design: Firstly, the words "König George (not "Georg"), repeated several times. Then, below this name, three wreaths, each surmounted by a crown, and enclosing a harp. Below these again, twice repeated, a man on a prancing horse the king, apparently-wearing a flowing wig, and holding a baton. Then a town, with churches, towers, and battlements, before which flows a canal or river, bearing men in boats. Beneath the water there are heaps of cannon-balls and wheel-lock guns, and under these men with battle-axes, and military tents. Below these, once more, the words "König George," and a repetition of the pattern. C. H. C. INIGO JONES.-What is the origin of Inigo as a name? To what language does it belong? We are accustomed to make the second syllable short, as in the Latin verb inigo; but Swift seems to make it long : As when a lofty pile is raised, 'To Stella,' 1720. ROYALIST OFFICERS.-In the grounds of Rush- There gallant Lisle a mark for thousands stood, August, 1783. JOHN TAYLOR. DOMESTICATION OF SWALLOWS.-I wish to know whether any one has ever been able to keep swaldows in a cage. I should like to try to domesti cate some next summer, so as to send them out to New Zealand, where such things are unknown. DOMINICK BROWN. DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY FROM THE PULPIT. -Did a custom prevail in the seventeenth century of persons disposing of their effects by means of the offices of a clergyman, in lieu of a will; and was each clergyman bound by any law or rule to publish particulars of such disposal on the church doors or from the pulpit? W. R. BRADSHAW. COLECLOUGH OF TINTERN ABBEY.-Who was there any engraved or other portrait known of T. W. C. Diary,' among "A List of all persons to Whom PEPYS'S 'DIARY': MR. WEST.-In Pepys's occasion of Mr. Pepys's Death and Funeral," Rings and Mourning were presented upon the occurs (in the list of General Retainers) : "Scrivener, Mr. West, a ring, value 158.; ditto, his Clerk, Mr. Martin, a ring, value 10s. Also "Mr. Pepys' Verbal Request after the execution of his Will,” viz. :— "In Plate to Mr. West, some small Piece, made good to him by large pair of Tumblers, weighing 23 oz. 10 dwts." above entries refer to Mr. John West, of Stocks GILBERT W. WEST. ARCHBISHOP CHICHELE'S WILL.-Would some one kindly tell me where there is a copy of Archbishop Chichele's will? It is not at Canterbury, Lambeth, Somerset House, or All Souls' College. A. S. BICKNELL. DIPLOMATIC LANGUAGE AT MADRID AND ROME. GEORGE CHARLES, LL.D.-The degree of the above, High Master of St. Paul's School (for the answers to my previous query with regard to whom I am extremely grateful), in the earlier half of the last century, was not, so far as existing records may be trusted, granted by any degreegiving body or person in the United Kingdom. He appears to have had intimate relations with persons of influence in the American colonies. Was there at the time any body or person in America empowered to grant degrees? He had been tutor to the Duke of Cumberland. What German universities then gave the degree of LL.D.? R. J. WALker. [See 8th S. v. 147, 232.] co. Northants, are given as Arg., a chevron between three water-bougets sable. Of these three families, that of Truro was a branch from that of Modbury, which bore the above arms; but I have not been able to connect the Hills of Brigstock with the Devon family (of which I have got a pedigree). In W. C. Metcalfe's 'Visitations of Northants,' 1887, three descents of the Hills of Brigstock are given, but no arms. The first name is "Edward Hill, of Leighton Hall, co. Devon," but he does not fit into my pedigree. I should be glad to know if the Brigstock family really bore the same arms as STANSTEAD.-Can any of your readers inform the Modbury Hills, and how they may have been me of the locality and the particulars of a Stan-related. Also, is there any book treating of the stead (I believe such to be the name) Church, connexion and origin of the different Hill families, near Epping Forest, which boasts of great anti- especially those of the West Country? Please quity, and is a rare specimen of a log church? reply direct. R. H. ERNEST HILL. There are two or three Standsteads near London and in the neighbourhood named, but none of them, according to any itinerary or guide-book, seems to possess a church of the kind alluded to. M. BAINES. 11, Cranley Place, S.W. [Is it not Greenstead of which you are thinking?] POEMS BY T. K. HERVEY.-Is there a collected edition of the poems of T. K. Hervey? In the thirties his verses had no little reputation, and were often to be seen reproduced in the news papers. Some of them-as, for example, Venice the Bride' and 'Venice the Widow-have considerable merit. A fragment of a poem by Hervey is quoted in Barker's 'Three Days of Wensleydale.' It relates to a country churchyard, and is of great beauty. K. P. D. E. 3, Lombard Court, E.C. "HOLDING MY BACK HAND."-Can any of your correspondents tell me the meaning of the expression "Holding my back hand"? It may be a quite innocent technicality in card playing; but as Scott, in 'St. Ronan's Well,' two or three times makes his disreputable Lord Etherington use the expression, one is apt to attach to it a bad meaning. A. D. M. earliest authority for the often-quoted saying of Madrid, and Lewis proudly boasted that henceforth [Hervey published through Bull the Poetical Sketch-But there was a very similar remark published in Book, Australia,' &c.] a London newspaper in the winter of 1700, in the course of the following anecdote: GREENCASTLE, IRELAND.-Can any one kindly give information regarding the origin, history, date of erection, &c., of Greencastle, county Donegal, N. Ireland, situate on the shores of Lough Foyle? Local residents know nothing of its history. WILHELM. "The Spanish Ambassador at the French Court is so Anjou to that Monarchy, that he lately expressed his extreamly pleased with the Elevation of the Duke of Joy by a high-flown Metaphor, saying, That now the Pyrenean Hills are melted, and there is no Barrier remaining between the Kingdoms of France and Spain." -English Post, No. 19, Nov. 22-25, 1700. RECENT WORDS.-Could any of your learned Was this an anticipation or an echo of the Louis readers oblige me with the derivation of these words that have come into recent usage-commandeer, id (in biology), and melinite? What, moreover, does commandeer actually mean? STUDENT. XIV. remark? ALFRED F. ROBBINS. MISS E. M. JAMES, OF BATH.-Can any of your readers give me any particulars of the life of this lady, who was the author of a story called 'Jenny Spinner,' and the intimate friend of Lord Lytton, Mary R. Mitford, and W. Savage Landor? Are any of her letters to Miss Mitford extant; and are with her? any persons living who were well acquainted GEORGE W. MILLER. there White House, Chislehurst. [Defte occurs in the Bestiary,' " Old Eng. Misc.," ed. Morris. See 'Century Dictionary.'] FRENCH ILLUSTRATIONS OF FURNITURE, &c.-I have before me a thick folio of lithographed plates, headed "Meubles et Armures Anciennes" and "Meubles et Armes du Moyen Age," and numbered consecutively from 1 to 144. The publishers were Veith & Hauser, of Paris. Can any one give me information as to the title and authorship of the volume? JAMES DALLAS. AGOSTINO CAZZA.-Will any reader kindly furnish information as to this Italian poet, who was living in 1546, particularly as to the titles of his various works and dates when and where published? W. L. WEBB. (8th S. v. 261, 301, 369, 429, 509; vi. 29, 169.) To show how the Tarantine Empress Catherine had domineered over Joanna, probably had overawed her by her uncrupulous proceedings, the Cardinal of St. Marco was despatched to Naples six weeks after her decease, in order to make her sons surrender to the Holy See lands which they had obtained from Joanna (Theiner, op. cit., 731). At this time Clement seems to have entertained some lingering hope that if the queen remained unmarried a little longer, and would send her infant son to Avignon, Louis of Hungary might still be brought to forego his projected invasion of Naples. Now, as it was not until August, 1347, that Joanna gave her hand to Luigi, Robert of Taranto's younger brother-that is to say, all but two years after Andrew's death, and when the invasion of her realm was becoming an accomplished fact-I cannot but think that L. L. K. lets his judgment escape somewhat too cheaply when he says, "the undue haste with which Joan married husband after husband proves that she was a carnally-minded woman." Is it, then, so difficult to realise the critical position of an attractive, cultured,* and youthful female sovereign under such trying circumstances, domestic and political, in so lurid a period of history as the fourteenth century? Are royal matrimonial proceedings to be judged by conventions which govern the same proceedings * Angelus di Ubaldis, the great lawyer, calls Joanna "Inclyta Regina, decus Orbis, et unica lux Italia" (vide Consigli.,' cx. p. 74). on the part of private people? If so, what shall we not say to certain recent royal matrimonial happenings in our own nineteenth century London? The fact was that Clement seriously consulted with the King of France (Theiner, 734) as to the policy of Joanna's second union, and came to the conclusion, as did Joanna and her people, that it was expedient her marriage with a prince of the blood of Naples banker and diplomatist, especially pressed its fulshould take place. Acciajuoli, the Angevine filment and assisted at the ceremony, which took place at the Castello Nuovo before the dispensation from Avignon had arrived. This bit of precipitancy was certainly caused by pressure of political circumstances. Possibly even grave doubts were entertained lest the promised dispensation should be intercepted by the spies or allies of Louis of Hungary, on the way to Naples (Tanfani, 'Vita Niccolo Acciajuoli'). De Blasiis shows that both Raynaldus and Muratori equally err in stating that the Papal dispensation was given a year later ('Archivio. Storico per li Provin. Napol.,' xii. 2, 366). As Luigi of Taranto died in May, 1362, and Joanna did not remarry until May, 1363, still in hopes of begetting an heir to her throne, and urged to do so by Urban V., I am once more at a loss to discover solid ground for L. L. K.'s sweeping statement. He makes no allowance for the circumstances. A like decency of interval was observed by her after the death of her absentee husband, James of Majorca; and to each of these unions she was forcibly impelled by reasons of State, whatever may have been her own legitimate inclination. What, indeed, would have become of her or of Naples had she trusted to rule alone in such an age as the age of the Condottieri? Surely L. L. K. is not the austere judge of female human nature his expressions tend to make one believe. Before I proceed further with points and details of defence in this controversy, let me be permitted to quote here a passage bearing upon our subject from a pamphlet by Gaetano Amalfi, a contemporary author-one, indeed, by no means inclined to favour Joanna-which to my thinking contributes not a little to justify the view I have taken as to the loose imputations so liberally heaped upon the queen's character : "Qua e là vi è mescolata un pò di leggenda, o vogliamo dire di esagerazione; e quegli scrittori, non di rado, si facevano eco di quanto forniva la maldicenza, il pettegolezzo, accreditati dalle apparenze, che spesso ingannano. Non nego che vi sia un fondo storico; ma certo una vita di adulterii, di tresche e di corruzione, doveva rapprecosi variamente avventurosa, in un epoca di tradimenti, senter quei personaggi con una tinta fosca nella fantasia del popolo, e porgere largo campo à racconti di fatti * I quite agree with L. L. K. that the letter which he quotes refers evidently to the ill-balanced ar starred James of Majorca, and that it has beca placed and misdated since. straordinarii, alla legenda, accumulando sul capo della Regina colpe, che, forse non le appartengono. Anzi, la Tradizione si ha formato come......un tipo, detto della 'Regina Giovanna' mentre è risaputo, che ve ne furono non meno di cinque di questo nome; e varii aneddoti, secondo accenero più giu, si riferiscono esplicitamente alle altre. Lunga di me l'idea d'una repugnante riabilitazione, non mi accorderei mai col Collenucio [and L. L. K.], sostenitore che i quattro mariti furono segno della pudicitia di lei, non costumando cio le donne rotte al vizio."La Regina Giovanna nella Tradizione,' Napoli, 1892. As to the Huns and Hungarians, I venture to doubt if L. L. K. is quite sure of the precision of his own inferences as to their non-relativity. I am tempted to this because my late friend Sir Richard Burton used to declare that the Hungarian (i. e., Magyar) "is a white Turk! a Tartar with a coat of veneer and varnish." "The peasantry are men on horseback, in the matter of preserving the customs of their Hun and Tartar ancestors" ("Life of Sir R. Burton,' 1893, vol. ii. p. 505). Some short time ago in Italy I put the question to Signor Comparetti (pace L. L. K.), an acknowledged authority in Ugrian literature. He likewise replied that, so far as he believed, the Hungarians are direct descendants of the ferocious Huns. But L. L. K. doubtless is more enlightened. He has convicted me of using the terms almost interchangeably. Let me, then, subjoin a practical bit of evidence as to the mild habits of the Hungarian soldiers in Italy at that period, and ask him how and why it is that, even in the wildest flights of his fancy, he would not refer to the marauding Hungarian cavalry of the fourteenth century as those wild Huns." "'* With regard to the illness of Joanna, it is of no use to argue this little point. It is not improbable she had more than one illness in her early married life. Camera distinctly refers us thus: "Ex Regest. ann. 1345-46, lit. D. fol. 125," for the illness, and, moreover, shows that she visited Quisisana in July, 1345, signing a document there: "Die viii Juli regnor nostror. ann. III." As King Robert had died in January, 1343, July of the third year of her reign was in 1345, or two months before the murder, and five before her child was born. L. L. K. has blamed me for following Petrarch in his vivid but disagreeable account of Friar Robert, and for ignoring his flattering but elegiac account of Andrew. In December, 1343, speaking of Andrew while living, Petrarch says: "He promises to become noble minded if only he succeeds in placing on his head the disputed Il Gravina, cronista di parte Unghera, racconta (p. 716) con vivi colori le inumanità orribili che commettevano questi soldati sfrenati quando prendevano e distruggevano qualche terra o borgata ; i poveri prigioneri erano martoriati con ogni tormento: si strappavano loro denti, si tagliavano loro mani e naso."-Cipolla, Storia delle Signorie Italiane,' p. 106. (lib. 5, lit. 6). Petrarch certainly had crown known both individuals personally. Andrew, however, was a boy, a king's brother, and a queen's husband; while Friar Robert was merely an exalted and apparently arrogant monk, acting as master-guardian to Andrew. Petrarch himself was a diplomatist, a rhetorician, a scholar, and a poet; much more self-restrained, I venture to think, as a man than as a writer. Some will say, further, that he was a greater scholar than poet. Royal people compelled his rhetorical reverence as divinely descended beings; they were, in his eyes, living classics. Andrew, too, was not only of the race of St. Louis and of King Robert, but he was destined presumptively to fill King Robert's throne and to continue that monarch's patronage of Petrarch. The opinion of Petrarch, so far as the dead Andrew is concerned, is therefore to be valued chiefly as post-mortem enthusiasm, idealized promise put for fact. Had my work been on a full scale I certainly should have had no business to set aside that pathetic description. What, however, is more heinous, I have made the Neapolitans detest the Hungarians. Nevertheless, I am still far from satisfied that Hungarian civilization, in spite of its elaborated intentions, had at this period attained anything like the superlative superiority L. L. K. would have us believe when he uses the word "infinitely." This brings me to the story of Felician Zách, introduced into the controversy by L. L. K. in order to show "that an infinitely higher code of morals prevailed in Hungary than at Naples." In my first reply to L. L. K. I termed this illustration "singularly infelicitous." My reason for doing so was as follows: Casimir of Poland, brother of Queen Elizabeth and uncle of King Louis, behaved indecently to Clara, Zách's daughter. Felician, her father, to revenge the unpunished outrage to his child, fell upon the royal family in their banqueting hall at Visegrál, hoping to kill Casimir. Instead, in his frenzy, he inflicted serious wounds on the king and queen, cutting off four of the latter's fingers. He was felled to the ground and despatched by Cselenyi, the Treasurer. For this wild act of a justly exasperated father the unfortunate outraged Clara had her lips, nose, ears, and hands cut off, and was dragged to death at the tail of a horse; her kith and kin were likewise exterminated to the third degree. That the Hungarians considered the sentence ferocious I sincerely hope, though I have no proof that they did. The Neapolitans, I think, would have considered it so. Now let me remind the reader that this sentence was pronounced and carried into effect by the father and mother of Andrew, Joanna's husband. Had Hungarian justice limited itself to the execution of Zách, and recompensed, as far as might be possible, the unfortunate Clara, the instance would, in my humble opinion, have been a triumphant |