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years ago, in J. J. Hofmann's 'Lexicon Universale' John Richter, tried in 1794, with Hardy and (Basilee, 1677), s. v. "Bernardus." The passage Horne Tooke, for high treason, Benry Richter and concludes with the words: "Nullos habuit præ- Wm. Woodburne, artists, and Alexander Copland, ceptores præter quercus et fagos. Hinc proverb: government contractor for buildings. Liston, Neque enim Bernardus vidit omnia." I admit the comedian, was also for a time connected with that I omitted to give this reference in 1889; but the establishment, either as master or assistant. that, to a student who is always learning, is a long Raimbach died at Greenwich on Jan. 17, 1843. while ago. WALTER W. SKEAT. It may be of interest to add that the inscription on a tombstone in Hendon Churchyard, co. Middle'FROM OXFORD TO ROME' (8th S. iii. 207, 272).-sex, furnishes the information that his father, Mr. MR. REDFORD'S query about this book is not per- Peter Raimbach, late of the parish of St. Ann, fectly correct in its statements. He says that it Westminster, died December 16, 1805, aged sixtywas published anonymously in 1847, at the time of the famous Oxford Tracts." He is correct as to husband, died January 27, 1807, aged sixty-five, Martha, his mother, who survived her the date of its publication, but the Oxford Tracts and lies buried in the same place (begun in 1833) came to an end in February, 1841, and Newman, their chief promoter, joined the Church of Rome in 1845. The book was one of two or three written by persons who had been ardent admirers of Newman in the early days of the Tract movement, and who had been shocked Ring sudden laughters of the jay, and alienated from the Tractarian party by what the last line of the fourth stanza in the poem 'To they considered his betrayal of them. The two-,' published in 'Poems,' 1833, p. 2. In the works which had by far the largest circulation of volume of 'Selections,' 1865, two of the original this class were From Oxford to Rome,' and seven stanzas were restored (with alterations) and 'Hawkstone,' by the Rev. W. Sewell. This last five in the Library Edition, 1872, vol. i. p. 97. The raised very fierce accusations on both sides.

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17, Hilldrop Crescent, N.

DANIEL HIPWELL.

LINES BY TENNYSON (8th S. iii. 269).-J. D. is evidently thinking of

poem now commences

My life is full of weary days,

Ring sudden scritches of the jay.

MR. REDFORD has been rightly informed that the "authoress made a recantation." I could easily and the above-mentioned line runs give him the dates if I were able to go to a library; but I am at present confined to my study. The first "recantation was the publication of a second The article in the Quarterly Review, 1833, p. 81 book, called Rest in the Church,' the gist of which (probably written by J. G. Lockhart), remarks in was that, though it would be unwise for any a bantering strain :member of the Church of England to go over to Rome, yet that one who had done so, could not revert without apostasy. This, of course, did not satisfy the Roman Catholics, and she published a letter in the newspapers, and said, "I bitterly regret the publication of my book, and wish I could recall it." W. BENHAM.

32, Finsbury Square.

ABRAHAM RAIMBACH (8th S. iii. 126).-It would appear from the privately printed Memoirs and Recollections of the late Abraham Raimbach, Esq., Engraver,' edited by his son, M. T. S. Raimbach, M.A., 4to., Lond., 1843, that he was born in Cecil Court, St. Martin's Lane, Westminster, on Feb. 16, 1776. His father, a native of Switzerland, who came to England at the early age of twelve, and never afterwards quitted it, married the daughter of a Warwickshire farmer of the name of Butler, descended by the female side, as was supposed, from the Burbages of Shakespeare's time.

Raimbach was privately educated at Highgate, and afterwards entered the Library School of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, under the mastership of Mr. Pownall. Here he had for schoolfellows Henry Winchester, afterwards Lord Mayor of London, Charles Mathews and Wm. Lovegrove, actors,

"Laughter, the philosophers tell us, is the attribute of man-but as Shakspeare found tongues in trees and merely with human susceptibilities but buman functions sermons in stones,' this true poet endows all nature, not -the jay laughs, and we find, indeed, a little further on, that the woodpecker laughs also."

Redhill.

RALPH T. Bradbury.

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VOLE (8th S. iii. 187, 274).-I have to thank your correspondents who have replied to my inquiry as to the etymology of this word. At the same time I must point out that none of them has offered a satisfactory solution. The derivation from wold," a field or plain, is analogous to that of "mole," which is undoubtedly a contraction from " moldwarp," but then there are in proof of that the Middle English moldwerp and the Icelandic moldvarpa, besides Shakespeare's mold warp (1 Henry IV.,' III. i. 149), whereas "wold-mouse" has not been shown ever to have been in use, though "field-vole" and "bank-vole" are common terms. MR. WALLER is good enough to refer me to Webster's Dictionary'; but the derivation from French voler, to steal, is absolutely unsupported by any evidence; it is mere guess-work, a pursuit any one can follow, if so disposed, for himself. Obviously, that is the meaning of a "vole" at

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ST. THOMAS OF WATERINGS (8th S. iii. 249) took its name from a chapel dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury, situated by a small brook which bere crossed the Old Kent Road, exactly at the second milestone of later days. It was the first stage out of London for the convoy of pilgrims bound to the shrine of St. Thomas, where they made their first halt and watered their horses. HERMENTRUDE will doubtless remember that it is here that Chaucer makes the "host" "his hors arest," and propose that the pilgrims should "draw cuts" who should tell the first tale :

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And forth we riden a litel more than pas, Unto the watering of Seint Thomas, It was the ordinary place for executions for the county of Surrey, as Tyburn was for Middlesex, and abundant references to it in this character appear in our old dramatists and other early writers, a selection from which is given in Nares's Glog sary' and Wheatley's 'London, New and Old.' Mr. Wheatley gives a curious instance of a recurrence to the old form by Sir John Campbell (afterwards Lord Chancellor) in 1834, when Attorney-General, to prevent the defeat of justice through a squabble between the sheriffs of the county and of the city of Chester as to who was to carry a sentence of execution into effect. Campbell "boldly adopted a form of proceeding which had not been resorted to for many ages," had the convicts brought before the King's Bench, by the judges of which court they were ordered to be executed at St. Thomas à Waterings, in the borough of Southwark. Gerard records in his 'Herbal' his finding water plants "in the ditch right against the place of execution at the end of Southwarke, nere London, called St. Thomas

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Waterings.' It is needless to say that there is no real connexion between the names 66 St. Thomas Aquinas" and "St. Thomas à Waterings," though the shadowy verbal connexion gave occasion for the display of that kind of conventional wit which has sometimes found its exercise in places having significant names. I may give one example from Ben Jonson, quoted by Mr. Wheatley and Dr. Nares :

He may perhaps take a degree at Tyburn
A year the earlier; come to read a lecture
Upon Aquinas at St. Thomas à Waterings,
And so go forth a laureat in hemp-circle.
"The New Inn,' i, 3.

The actual locality is thus defined in Ogilby's 'Traveller's Guide: "There at 1 mile leaving the town cross a brook called St. Thomas Watering." In later surveys it is marked at the two miles. In Carey's map of fifteen miles round London, A.D. 1786, at the two-mile stone on the Old Kent Road appears Waterings Bridge, a survival of the old name. At the present day (see the Post Office London Directory') at No. 322 in the Old Kent Road we have a publichouse called the "Thomas à Beckett," which probably marks the historic site. The house stands at the corner of the Arundel Road from which St. Thomas's Road branches out. Those who know the locality will be able to say whether it corresponds with the site of the old two-mile stone.

EDMUND VENABLES.

WALTER LONG (8th S. iii. 207).—According to Burke's Landed Gentry,' Mr. Walter Long, of Muchelney, Somerset (who is, I suppose, the same person after whom MR. G. DEEKS inquires), died unmarried. He had five half-sisters, two of whom died unmarried; one married, but died sine prole; two more married, but as to the children of one of these Burke is silent; but the eldest, Philippa, who married Grove, of Fern House, Wilts, he tells us search the pedigree of that family, now represented by Sir Thos. Grove, Bart., of Fern.

" left issue."

Ventnor.

For these MR. DEEKS will have to

E. WALFORD, M.A.

ALDERMAN CURTIS (8th S. iii. 185). PROF. TOMLINSON asks whether there is any physiological reason for the very common omission and misuse of this letter in London and Wiltshire. I doubt whether it is more frequently misused there than here. It was a Yorkshireman that I heard some time since recite,

From Greenland's hicy mountains,
From Hindia's coral strand,
Where Hafric's sunny fountains, &c.

As regards its omission, which is comparatively a venial offence, is it not a fact that speech generally is softer in the South, and that a softer speech naturally tends to the omission of the aspirate? This I understand to be the reason why,

as Marsh notes in his 'Lectures,' the h has disappeared from the speech of Southern Europe. It is suggested that perhaps the board schools will correct our speech in these particulars. I doubt it. Marsh thinks the h will ultimately be lost altogether. C. C. B. Epworth.

When a boy I was sailing past Stromboli at night, watching the fire of the volcano, when a sailor told me that it was well known that the ship's crew of a man-of-war saw the devil carrying a sack up the mountain and throwing out of it into the crater a man called Sir William Curtis. A few months after, when repeating this story in England, a gentleman said:

"That is true. Curtis was a contractor for the navy, and any shortcomings in victuals or stores were laid to his account. He was, therefore, unpopular with sailors; and the story of his being thrown into Stromboli was repeated on the authority of a captain and crew of a manof-war. Curtis brought an action against the captain, and the case was tried for defamation of character.' If so, there be must be some report of such a trial. Can any one say if there was a trial? SEBASTIAN. [The story is wrongly told of Alderman Curtis. See Old Booty. 4th S. v. 31, 79, 185, 305; Booty's Ghost,' 5th S. ii. 508; iii. 20.]

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CHESNEY FAMILY (8th S. ii. 387, 478; iii. 58, 135, 214).-PROF. SKEAT at the last reference derives the family name of Chesney from Fr. chênaie, an oak plantation, chênaie from Lat. *quercinētum, and chêne, an oak, from Lat. *quercinum. In the first place, I would point out that chênaie does not correspond exactly to the Latin forms quoted by PROF. SKEAT, De Cayneto, De Kaisneto, De Chaisneto, as chênaie is evidently of the feminine gender; it cannot, therefore, be the original of the name Chesney, the derivative of the above Latin forms. Secondly, may I point out that a popular Latin type *quercinum could not possibly become chêne in modern French? The O.F. forms of chêne are chesne, chaisne, caisne, pointing to a popular Latin type *caxanum. In the third place, querc'num could not have been represented by an O.F. caisne, as rc'n could never have become sn; compare popular Latin circinum, which became in French cersne, cerne, the r remaining. Fourthly, a Latin que- could never have given a French word beginning with ch.

A. L. MAYHEW.

BACHELORS' DOOR OR PORCH (8th S. iii. 208). -At Grantham, Lincolnshire, down to the time when St. Wolfram's Church was restored, something like five-and-twenty years ago, the free sittings for men were in pews on the north side of the middle alley and those for women on the south. In 1806, according to Turnor, the best-known historian of the town, it was recorded on a panel

which formed part of the screen of "the Choir"—that is to say, of the only part of the church used for worship-that "Madam Sarah Ellys built the lofts in the north aisle at her own charge, for bachelors to sit in." ST. SWITHIN.

A parish book of Eastbourne records that"1703, August 8. A vestry orders the churchwardens to prosecute certain persons for misbehaviour in church. It is also stated that a gallery was lately erected at the west end of the church, for young men and bachelors."'Sussex Arch. Colls.,' xiv. 133.

EDWARD H. Marshall, M.A. The Brassey Institute, Hastings.

"TO THREEP" (8th S. ii. 325, 452, 491; iii. 53, 114). Will your correspondent at the last reference pardon me if I point out that there is no such book as Glossographia Anglicum Novo'? What such a title could mean it is impossible to say. The same title appears subsequently at p. 133, col. 1, hence the reason for my correction. I thought that the title as first given might be a misprint; its reappearance forbids the thought. I have a copy of the book dated 1707, and its title is 'Glossographia Anglicana Nova.'

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

POISONING BY ARSENIC (8th S. iii. 189).—There was a remarkable trial for poisoning by arsenic in Scotland in the last century, which I only know by the report in the Annual Register,' that of Lieut. Patrick Ogilvy and Mrs. Catherine Ogilvy, otherwise Nairne, for the murder of Thomas Ogilvy, brother of the former and husband of the latter. They were convicted, and Lieut. Ogilvy was hanged, but Mrs. Ogilvy escaped from prison after giving birth to a child. Judging from the report in the Annual Register,' the case was very weak. Can any reader state what became of Mrs. Ogilvy and the child, who was probably legitimate (she was convicted of incest as well as murder) and the rightful heir to the estate?

The case of a girl named Eliza Fenning created a great sensation early in the present century. She was accused, I think, only of attempting to murder, which was then a capital offence. She was convicted and hanged, notwithstanding a very general belief in her innocence. There was a public funeral, attended by a vast concourse of persons. A somewhat remarkable trial took place in Styria a little over forty years ago, when a girl was acquitted of poisoning an officer with arsenic. The defence turned on the prevalence of arseniceating in Styria, which it appeared ended fatally in many cases-more especially with girls, who took it in considerable quantities to improve their looks and complexion. One remarkable fact given in evidence was that the sudden cessation of arsenictaking produced symptoms similar to those of poisoning by arsenic. The question whether Mr. Maybrick was an arsenic-eater seems worthy of

more consideration than it received, though the overdose which he took on the first day of his illness seems to have been of some medicine which included strychnine. The defence of arsenictaking was, I believe, also set up for Madame Laffarge in Paris. M.

In the case of Dr. Alexander, published in Med. Times and Gazette, April 18, 1857, death did not occur until the sixteenth day; and, although it was known a large quantity of arsenic had been taken, none was found in the body after death.

In Taylor (Manual of Med. Jurisprudence,' See 'Forensic Medicine,' by Drs. Guy and Hospital, in October, 1847, is reported as occurring ninth edition, p. 104) a death of a man at Guy's Ferrier, p. 458, where,

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"the reader is referred to the following cases: Messrs. Turner and Mr. Gadsden, poisoned by Eliza Fenning, in Mr. Marshall's Remarks on Arsenic; those of the Mitchells, reported by Mr. Alexander Murray, in the Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vol. xviii. p. 167; and three cases given by Mr. Alexander McLear, in the same journal, vol. xv. p. 533."

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The same useful manual states that, before the passing of the Act 14 Vict., xiii., arsenous acid caused 34 in 100 of all the deaths by poison; after it, the proportion fell to 1 in 10." And were not the chambre ardente, and the trial of Brinvilliers, and her succession powders, episodes in the history of this poison?

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Cases of arsenic poisoning-criminal, accidental, acute, and chronic-abound. Indeed, it is one of the commonest forms of poisoning. It would not be difficult to fill a number of N. & Q.' with details of cases of this kind. I, however, give references to a few such, which may help J. W. in his search.

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'An Account of several Cases of Poisoning with Arsenic,' by Sir R. Christison, in Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, 1826, ii. 273.

'Account of a late Remarkable Trial for Poisoning with Arsenic' (the notorious Wooler case), by Sir R. Christison, in Edin. Med. Journal, 1855-6, i. 625, 707, 759.

In Paris and Fonblanque's 'Medical Jurisprudence,' London, 1823, 3 vols., there are moderately full reports of the following cases of arsenic poisoning:

1. The Nicholls, at Alford. Here the only member of the family who died, William, lived six days after taking the one fatal dose administered. The poisoning was homicidal, done by a brother-in-law (not a medical man), who afterwards confessed his guilt (ii. 191).

2. Ogilvy and Nairne, for poisoning Thomas Ogilvy (ii. 184, note).

3. Mary Blandy, tried (and condemned) at Oxford, 1752, for poisoning her father (iii., appendix, 236).

4. Robert Sawle Donsall, surgeon, &c., for the murder of his mother-in-law, Mrs. Elizabeth Downing. Tried at Launceston, March 31, 1817 (iii., appendix, 277).

In the above case of Mr. Blandy, poisoned by his own daughter, as above mentioned, he survived the administration of the first dose of poison nine days.

seven days after swallowing 220 grains of arsenic. Some interesting cases of suspected arsenical poisoning (homicidal) may be found in Caspar's Forensic Medicine,' N. Syd. Society's edition, vols. i. and ii. Among other celebrated arsenicpoisoning cases were those of Eliza Fenning, 1815 (hanged), and of Thom, both reported in Sir R. Christison's work on 'Poisons' (1832), where, also, many other cases are noted. Of modern instances was the woman Cotton. But any good modern manual of jurisprudence or toxicology will contain many reports of such crimes. The reports of such cases abound in instances of conflict of medical evidence, even in cases where, as in Mrs. Maybrick's, there was really no room for reasonable doubt of the prisoner's guilt.

So far from arsenic being a poison often employed by members of the medical profession for homicidal purposes, it is essentially one avoided by them, and patronized by laymen and women, for the reason that it is cheap, of slow action, and easily procurable, and, as is unknown to the latter class, as easily, for the most part, detected on analysis. Since the days of aqua tofana (a solution of arsenic) it has remained a popular criminal drug. W. SYKES, F.S.A.

RELICS OF OUR LORD AND ROD OF MOSES

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(8th S. iii. 169).—In Dr. John Smith's edition of Beda's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum' (Cantab., 1722) there is given an index of the relics belonging to the Cathedral Church of Durham, printed from a MS. list bearing date A.D. 1372. In this list mention is made of "una pars virge Moysi." There is no record of hairs of our Lord, but a number of relics more or less directly connected with Him are mentioned. There are fragments:

"De petra super quam natus fuit, de præsepio (4), de cunabulo, de circumcisione, de lapidibus trans Jordanem, de Querentayn, de pane verso in lapidem, de lapide in quo scripsit, de Monte Thabor, de Monte Oliveti, de templo D'ni, de palma D'ni, de Vase in quo lavabantur dixit, de lapide super q'm sedebat in Pretorio, de columna pedes Apostolorum, de menea D'ni, de pane q'm benead q'm ligatus fuit, de sudario, de tunica, de spongia (2) de Monte Calvarie (2), de lapide super q'm crucifixus est, de ligno (4), de sepulchro (7), de petra super q'm ascendit, de throno ubi sedebat Jesus cum xii. discipulis.” There were also "spina Corona" and "particula Crucis (2)."

Hairs of many saints are mentioned, although none of our Lord occur. Thus we have, 66 una fiola cristallina cum capillis et peplo sancte Marie

Magdalene"; and hair of the same saint is preserved, with other relics, "in duabus bursis cum uno signo de albo velvetto."

"In bursa cum scutis varii coloris," along with other small matters, are contained some hairs of Abbat Bernard; and, "in fiola cristallina ornata argento," some further hairs of the abbat are mentioned, along with other small relics. There are also "de capillis Sancti Bartholomei eremite de Farne," three portions "de capillis et barba S. Godrici, de capillis venerabilis Roberti de Stanhope, de capillis Sancti Boysili Presbyteri in una cistula eburnea"; and, lastly cum multis aliis que continentur in una albâ cistulâ ligatâ cum arecalco [sic], de capillis plurimorum sanctorum." In natural connexion with these hairs of the saints, we find their combs also preserved. There are three in the Durham collections-Malachie Archiepiscopi, of St. Boisil (preserved in a black case), and an ivory comb of St. Dunstan, "in una bursa serici varii coloris." JOHNSON BAILY.

Ryton Rectory.

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[The apostrophe is used by us in place of the sign of contraction.]

A PREPOSITION FOLLOWED BY A CLAUSE (8th S. ii. 488; iii. 112).-One must agree in the main with all that ADAMANT says. There is no excuse for these blunders of the prose writers; but I want to put in a plea for the two poets. First, they are entitled to a prescriptive license to sail perilously near to the rock of error, and anything is excuse enough that will bring them off safely.

Consider who the king your father sends. Now, in this, supposing the rhythm of the line to have permitted it, and that Shakspere had given it to us thus: "Consider who it is that the king your father sends," I imagine that all objection would have been silenced. Do we not, and can we not supply that mentally? Undoubtedly, who declaims better than whom. The same applies to Byron's "Whom the gods love die young," and I think ADAMANT admits as much. But for sound, correctness, and comprehension Byron would have done better, if I may venture to say so, if he had written "Those the gods love die young," for every one would then have seen that whom was the missing word. As it now is, perhaps only one in a hundred can instantly supply those as the word required to complete the grammatical phrase.

Chingford Hatch, E.

C. A. WARD.

A FLY ON THE CORPORAL" (8th S. ii. 147). -No reply to E. X.'s query having appeared, the fact of your correspondent having none but

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If Waite died in 1820, as would seem to be the case from MR. EDGCUMBE's extracts, the name was still to be found in Boyle's 'Court Guide' for 1830, at 2, Old Burlington Street. The house must have been, therefore, kept on for business purposes, since if Waite married in 1819 he could not have been succeeded by a son at that period. George Waite, Dentist," is how he stands in Boyle, and there were two more of the same trade in the street. It is also interesting to note the varied class of residents in the Old Burlington Street of that period, as, besides the three dentists, there was a chiropodist, a solicitor, a counsellor, a royal navy captain, an honourable, a baronet, a marquis, and two ladies whose doors had, I fancy, the legend "apartments "over the fanlights. JNO. BLOUNDELLE-BURTON.

Barnes Common.

THE POETS LAUREATE (8th S. ii. 385, 535; iii. 89, 131).-The librarian of the Brassey Institute, Hastings, MR. E. H. MARSHALL, M.A., a familiar signature in N. & Q.,' reminds me that there was

a Cibber buried at the Danish Church in Wellclose Square, after all. He, though, was Caius Gabriel, the father of the Laureate by his second wife, Jane Colley. Cibber père had a sort of prescriptive right to this burying-place, inasmuch as he built the church, sumptibus Christian V., King of Denmark, who, says the inscription over the door, gave it for the use of the seamen and merchants, his subjects, frequenting the port of London. Cunningham buries the Laureate there, as as well as his father; and MR. HAMILTON, no doubt, thought Cunningham good enough to follow; but Mr. Lloyd, of the Evening Post, probably knew better. W. F. WALLER.

VALLANCE FAMILY (8th S. iii. 229).-It is not improbable that the Topsham Vallances might have been an offshoot of the Valence family of Greysannor, Wilts. Francis Valence was of this place, 1623, according to the Visitation of that date. The descent of this Francis Valence from Robert le Galeys of 1225 can be furnished if V. wants it. The family bore Checky or sa. (or az.), on fess gules three leopards' heads cab. jessant de

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