explanation, as the table will sufficiently illustrate the fundamental differences between this form and the classificatory which is next to be presented.

II. System of Relationship of the Malayan Family. `

The Malayan is nearer the primitive system of relationship of the human family than any other hitherto discovered. This is a necessary inference from the fact that it is simpler, and therefore older, than the Ganowanian and Turanian systems, which prevail among the great body of the American Indian and Asiatic nations. It is also evident that the Malayan could not have been derived from either of the other forms, whilst both the Ganowanian and Turanian might have been, and presumptively were, engrafted upon an original form agreeing in all essential respects with the Malayan. It is a classificatory system as well as the most simple and elementary form of that system. The only relationships recognized are the primary. All consanguinei, near and remote, are classified under these relationships. Each term is in common gender; sex being indicated by adding the words Ka-na for male, and Wä-hee-na for female. A full knowledge of the system may be obtained by passing through the several lines, and observing the relationship of each person to the central Ego.

In the lineal line we have Ku-pu-na, grandparent, Ma-ku-a, parent, Kai-kee, child, and Mu-pu-na, grandchild. The relationship of brother and sister is conceived in the twofold form of elder and younger; and there are double terms for each relationship, one of which is used by the males and the other by the females, as follows: :-

Elder brother, male speaking, Kai-ké-ä-ä'-na.

Female speaking, Kai-kă-nä'-ne.

For husband and wife the terms are respectively, Kä'-na, and Wä-hee'-na.

In the first collateral line, my brother's son and daughter are my son and daughter, each of them calling me father; and their children are my grandchildren, each of them calling me grandfather. My sister's children are also my sons and daughters, and their children are my grandchildren. The same is equally true whether I am a male or a female.

In the second collateral line, my father's brother is my father; his son and daughter are my brother and sister, elder or younger, and I

apply to them the same terms I do to my own brothers and sisters; the children of this collateral brother and sister are my sons and daughters; and the children of the latter are my grandchildren. Each of the persons named applies to me the proper correlative.

My father's sister, in like manner, is my mother; her children are my brothers and sisters, elder or younger; the children of these collateral brothers and sisters are my sons and daughters; and the children of the latter are my grandchildren.

My mother's brother is my father; and his children and descendants follow in the same relationships as in the previous cases. In like manner my mother's sister is my mother; and her children and descendants follow in the same relationships.

The third collateral line repeats the classification in the second. My grandfather's brother is my grandparent; his son is my father; the son of the latter is my brother, elder or younger; and the son and grandson of this collateral brother are my child and grandchild. My grandfather's sister and her descendants, and my grandmother's brother and sister and their descendants, follow in the same relationships as before. As far outward as consanguinei can be traced, the classification is the same. It will be seen more fully by consulting the following table.

66 kä'-na

66

younger brother (male

female.