LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 28, 1894.

CONTENT 8.-N° 135.

NOTES:-John Lilburne: a Bibliography-"Conservative," 61-Parliamentary Polls, 63-"Cockney"—" Punch "The Skull of Sir T. Browne, 64-Temperature where the Dead lie-The Queen's Great-grandson-Iron and Garlic "Boneshaw"-St. Bennet's-Langdale's System of Shorthand,' 65-" Alsike"-"Ha-ha"-Raffling for BiblesWilliam Taylor-Holly Hunting-Battle of Worcester, 66. QUERIES:-Visiting Cards-Celliwig-Col. Keene-Old Rhyme-Fussell-Gams-Scratch-back, 67-Bolton-Regent Street-"Shoters hyll" and "Stangat bole"-Translation-Blake-"The Derby "-Sheriffs of Leicestershire'Despair'--Ineen Dubh-Militia Club, 68-Sir D. Carrel— Turner-New Tunbridge Wells-Tract Wanted-Pistols, 69. REPLIES:-Simon de Montfort-Knights of the Carpet, 69 -Sir J. Birkenhead-Races Ridden by Women-Triplets Thomson-T. Kirkland, 70-Scotts of Essex-English Prosody-Green-wax Process-Salisbury and other Closes Niece of J. W. Croker-" Infant Charity"-Source of Quotation—"Carefully edited"-Sir A. Burnes, 71-Ecclesiastical Ornaments-Domrémy-" Bullifant "-PrusiasGalvani, 72-"Kiender "-Deodand, 73-Delia Bacon15th Hussars—"Jingo"-Fathers of the House of Commons -"History of the Popes'-Highland L.I. Regiment-Cakebread, 74-Scholarships in Johnson's Time-GinghamOxford M.P.s-Wells on Dew-Village Superstitions, 75"Ozenbridges"-Guild of the Companions of the Ark"Whips"-"Crying down the credit"-Pin-"Pettifogging solicitors"-Beating a Dog, &c., 76-AerolitesItalian Anthology "Tempora mutantur," &c. "A mutual friend"-Holy Mr. Gifford, 77-Lemon SoleApple-pie Bed-The Mansion House-Son of the Duke of York-Bourchier Cleeve, 78-Authors Wanted, 79. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Skeat's Chaucer, Vol. III.-Hamil

ton's 'Dated Book-Plates'-Larminie's West Irish FolkTales'-Bellezza's 'Tennyson'-Fletcher's Public Libraries in America'-' Bibliographica,' Part II.-Neilson's 'Peel.'

*Notes.

JOHN LILBURNE: A BIBLIOGRAPHY,

(See 7th S. v. 163, 242, 342, 424, 503.)

Some variations in editions, dates, &c., and a few additions to MR. EDWARD PEACOCK's valuable bibliography of Lilburne are perhaps worth noting. To avoid repetition I state in each case the number of the page in ' N. & Q.':

P. 163. 'Liberty Vindicated.' For" of England read "and common freedomes of the people." Add at end "28 of the 17 month." According to a contemporary MS. note, it appeared Aug. 21.

P. 163. Add "To the Hoble the House of Commons now assembled......The humble Petition of John Lilburne Leif Colonel."—A single folio sheet; no place or date, but probably 1645; describing his brave actions and losses, and petitioning for arrears due. Below, on same sheet, another earlier petition to House of Commons, praying to be released from the Fleet Prison and complaining of cruel treatment. From internal evidence, 1640.

P. 242. Add “A Plea made by Liev Col John Lilburne, Prerogative Prisoner in the Tower of London the 2 of Decem. 1647, against the present proceedings of the close and illegal Committee of Lords and Commons, appointed to examin those that are called London Agents......From my Arbitrary tyrannical and murthering imprisonment

in the Tower of London this 2 of Decem 1647." -A single folio sheet.

P. 243. Add" Truths triumphed, or Treachery anatomized......by John Wildman. London, Printed for Ja. Hornish, Feb. 1, 1647."— Sm. 4to., title and 18 pp.

P. 342. 'A Manifestation.' Add at foot of title-page "Printed for W. Larner; and are to be sold at his shop in Bishops gate Street, at the signe of the Black-Moor. Ap. 14, 1649.”

P. 342. Walwins Wiles.' After "Col." read "John Lilburn, Mr. Will Walwin, Mr. Richard Overton, and Mr. Tho. Prince......By a Lover of the present and Eternall interest of Mankinde. April 23, 1649. Imprimatur, Henry Whalley. London, Printed for H. C. and L. L."

P. 343. Add "Walwyns Just defence against the Aspertions cast upon him in a late un-christian Pamphlet entituled Walwyns Wiles. By William Walwyn, Merchant. London, Printed by H. Hils for W. Larnar......MDOXLIX."-Sm. 4to., title-page and 34 pp.

P. 343. "A brief discourse." For "by R. L." read "Collected at the request of some friends for General Satisfaction. London, Printed by B. Alsop......1649." At end read" By L. R."

P. 343. "To the Supreme authority." Read "and begins at p. 9."

P. 424. Add "L. Colonel John Lilburne. His letter to his dearely beloved wife......March 1652. Printed at Amsterdam, by L. I. Anno Domini 1652."-Sm. 4to., no title, 8 pp. This is evidently a translation from the Dutch tract in B.M.

P. 503. Add "The Trial of Mr. John Lilburne

at the Sessions House in the Old Bailey, on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday last...... With a Diurnal of all the Chief and Memorable Transactions......since the 13 day of July to the 13 of this instant August 1653......London, Printed for G. Horton 1653."-Sm. 4to., 8 pp.

A Defensive declaration.'-Sm. 4to., 8 pp., no P. 503. Add another (probably first) edition of title, printed in double columns, in Dutch and English, and without the " Additional Appendix."

These are all in my library, and are very much at the disposal of MR. EDWARD PEACOCK if he CHARLES L. LINDSAY.

wishes to see them.

"CONSERVATIVE" AS A POLITICAL TERM. I take the following from the Quarterly Review for July, 1816:

"Perhaps if M. Simond had seen England under its present aspect, he might have thought that the danger was real as well as apparent. But there is a vis conservatrix in the state, and the preventive means which exist are easy and effectual.”—P. 575.

Besides the use (probably common) of the above phrase in scientific works, where vis=virtue, energy, potency, &c., I may remind the reader that vis is found as a synonym for Juno :

Et soror et conjux fratris regina Deum, Vis. Ausonius, Idyll. ('De Deis '). Conservatrix is also an epithet of Juno, so found in inscriptions. Conservativus as an adjective is in Cicero; and as a substantive masculine in Boëthius, 6 Top. Arist., cf. 1 ibid. 13, et 2 ibid. 5 (I take this reference, which I have not verified, from Forcellini). Conservatif as a political term is not found in Littré (1872), but Bescherelle (1887) has the following :

"Conservatifs, 8.m. pl., Polit. nom. donné quelquefois au parti des Tories Anglais, opposés aux Whigs reformistes."

If the term was not used in a political sense in France before its introduction from England (as one would conclude from the silence of Littré and the quotation just given), there is a curious fact to be noted in regard to the above extract from the Quarterly. The passage is taken from an article Works on England'-in the course of which M. Louis Simond's Journal of a Tour and Residence in Great Britain during the years 1810 and 1811,' Edinburgh, 1815, is noticed.

M. Simond was a Frenchman, married to an Englishwoman. He had resided for twenty years in the United States, and his work, the fruit of a couple of years' sojourn here, was first published in English. The second edition, published at Paris in 1817, is in French. The original English edition was printed partly from his English journal and partly from a translation of disquisitions, originally written in French, on our political institutions, &c. As many readers of N. & Q.' no doubt know, this work throws a very valuable light on the state of England in 1810-11. So much being premised, I now give a couple of quotations from this work :

"What would the Parisians say to an affair like this in their Sénat Conservatif; and of one of the members in grand costume giving battle to the door-keeper on the senatorial floor?"-I. p. 65.

In the second (French) edition the reading is : Que disaient les Parisiens d'un coup de tête comme celui-là, au milieu du corps législatif et d'un membre en grand costume, livrant bataille au portier, devant l'assemblée auguste des sénateurs !"

On turning to Littré I read, "Sénat conservateur, corps créé en France par la constitution de l'an vii., et qui a été rétabli par le sécond empire." It would be interesting to get dated references, if such are known, to contemporary writings, where the "Sénat conservateur" is loosely described as conservatif. Am I right in suggesting that the word is a mistake-such a mistake as the writer modestly craves allowance for in his preface-on the part of this clever and intelligent Franco-American? From the date of the Quarterly article to the same review for January, 1830, I have no note of the use of the word in a political sense; but from a cursory glance at the conservat- family in the 'N. E. D.' one sees that there was a revival of the medical

and scientific use shortly before that date, which seems to suggest that the word was flying about before 1830.

The locus classicus is, of course, in Croker's article in the Quarterly for January, 1830, 'Internal Policy.' This has often been given already, but the reader may, perhaps, like to have it, with the other quotations that follow :—

"We despise and abominate the details of partizan warfare, but we now are, as we always have been, decidedly and conscientiously attached to what is called the Tory, and which might with more propriety be called the Conservative, party...... We have no hesitation in stating it to be our conviction that an immense majority of the Tories are as anxious to promote any prudent and practicable amelioration of the state as any of their fellow subjects."-Quarterly Review, January, 1830, p. 276.

It took two or three years to establish the term as a recognized party name, as the following extracts will show. At first it simply marked off the moderates from the ultras of both parties :

"It would ill become those who desire to preserve the Conservative principle, to withhold, in circumstances like the present, on any mere party considerations, their evince a fixed determination to uphold the principle.”— cordial support from any Government which should Quarterly, February, 1831, p. 595.

"My Lord, you are now on the Conservative side. Minor differences of opinion are infinitely insignificant at this time, when, in truth, there are but two parties in this kingdom, the Revolutionists and the Loyalists."Southey to Brougham, Feb. 1, 1831.

In the Anti-Canningite Blackwood the term is applied as follows, August, 1831:

"Lord Grey has openly declared in the House of Peers that it (i. e., the Reform Bill) was constructed on conservative principles...... But on what grounds is their belief rested? Is it on the signal success with which, in all the open places, they have overthrown the Conser vative party, by raising the cry of Reform? (p. 290)...... But to what does the Bill amount, if this, the real view of the Conservative Whigs is well founded? (p. 293)...... Now, if the present crisis shall have caused the Conservative party to see their error, they may yet dissipate, by their union, the dangers which have been caused by their divisions. They now see what they have to expect from the professions of moderate reformers, when such men as Lord Palmerston and Charles Grant are found ready and willing, upon an energency, to lead off the first set in the gallopade of revolution."-P. 312.

"The Whigs called the meeting, the Radicals had their own way at it, and both have done what the Conservative party would have wished them to do."Southey to Rickman, Oct. 14, 1831.

"Mr. Byng, the Whig candidate for Middlesex, and Sir F. Burdett, the quondam-Radical representative of Westminster, have been, by the hostile pressure of their former friends and supporters, obliged to talk language to use......and even the Times newspaper, hitherto the more conservative than any real Conservative has dared most effective and unhesitating advocate of the Bill, has been obliged to designate those whom it formerly glorified as Radicals, by the more appropriate and cember, 1882, Art. How will it Work?' p. 515. emphatic title of the Destructives."— Quarterly, De

"He is for advancement to a certain point-till his party comes in; he then becomes a Conservative, lest