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to creak, to grate.

kin-yan'-pi, n. those that fly, birds. kin-ye', v. Same as kinyan taku kinye ćin, birds. kin'-za, v. n. ki-pa', v. a. to keep for one, as a puppy or girl, to keep what one has bespoken for him,-wakipa, unkipapi, makipa. See kićipa.

ki-pa'-kin-ta, v. a. of pakinta; to cleanse away for one, wipe off,—wakipakinta, unkipakintapi. ki-pa'-mni, v. a. of pamni; to divide or distri bute to,-wićawakipamni. ki-pan', v. of paŋ ;

to call to one, wakipan, un

kipanpi. ki-pa'-tan, v. of pataŋ; to keep for one; to mash up, as food,―wakipatan.

ki-pa'-ti-tan, v. to push with all one's might,

i. q. śagićiyapi,—wakipatitaŋ. ki-pa'-ya, v. n. See kipayeća.

ki-pa'-ye-ća, v. n. to rise up again, recover itself, as grass bent down.

ki-pa'-zo, v. of pazo; to point to for one, to show to one, wakipazo, makipazo. ki-pa'-żin, v. a. to stand up against, rebel against, oppose one,-wakipaźin, makipaźin. ki-pa'-zin-yan, adv. opposing.

ki-pi', v. n. to hold, contain, carry, as a vessel,

cart, etc.; to be large enough to admit any thing; to be large enough for, as a coat,-makipi, nićipi, unkipipi.

ki-pi'-ya, v. a. to cause to fit,-kipiwaya; to go down well, as a bullet that fits the gun. ki-pi'-ya, adv. fittingly, fitly, properly: kipiya ećamon, I have done it fitly.

ki-psi'-ća, v. to jump down from, alight from, as from a horse,-wakipsića.

ki-san', v. n. of san; to become whitish for one, —makisaŋ.

ki-sa'-pa, v. n. of sapa; to become black or bare again, as the ground by the disappearance of

snow.

ki-sa'-pa, n. bare ground.

ki-sdi'-pa, v. of sdipa; to lick up one's own again, as a dog his vomit,-wesdipa. ki-sna'-haŋ, v. n. to break and fall off, as beads from a strand, for one,-makisnahan. ki-son', v. pos. of son: to braid one's own,—weson, yeson and wakison, yakison, unkisonpi. ki-so'-ta, v. n. to be used up for one,-makisota,

nićisota.

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ki-si'-ća, v. a. to check, oppose, put a stop to; to forbid, command to stop,-wakiśića.

ki-śkaŋ', v. a. of śkaŋ; to do to, act towards one, -wakiśkan.

ki-śka'-ta, v. a. of śkata;
play for,-wakiśkata.
ki-tan', v. n.

to play to or with; to

to stick to, as an opinion, continue to assert; to insist upon, not yield,—wakitan, unkitanpi.

ki'-tan, adv. scarcely, hardly.

ki'-tan-e-ćin-yaŋ, adv. slightly, just able: kitanećinyan okihi, he was just able to do it. ki'-tan-na, adv. a little, very little, in a slight degree kitanna waste, but a little good. ki'-tan-se, adv. with difficulty. ki-tan'-yan, adr. continuously; insisting upon. ki-ton', v. to put on, as clothes; to be clothed with, to wear, as wapaha kiton, to wear a hat,— weton and wakiton, unkitonpi; to use, as oie kitoŋ, to use words. ki-tu'-ka, v. a. kituka, ćićituka. ki'-ta, v. n. child,—makita.

to beg of, ask of,-wakituka, ma

to die or be dead for one, as one's

ki-uŋ'-ni, v. n. to be hurt. See kiunniyan. ki-un'-ni-ki-ya, v. a. to hurt, injure any thing, -kiuŋniwakiya, kiuŋnimakiya. ki-uŋ'-ni-yaŋ, v. a. to hurt, injure,—kiuŋniwaya, kiuŋniunyaŋpi, kiuŋnimayaŋ. ki-wa'-kan-he-źa, v. n. to desire to be with, to be on good terms or be intimate with,-wakiwakanheża.

ki-wa'-ni, v. n. to be winter anew; said of snow squalls in the spring.

ki-wan'-ka, v. n. to go home and lie down, go and sleep at home; to sleep going home or on the way home,-wakimunka, yakinuŋka. ki-wi'-ta-ya, adv. together, assembled together. ki'-ya, v. aux. to cause, to make to be: ećon kiya, to cause to do; te kiya, to cause to die; samkiya, to make black. The place of the pronoun is before the kiya.'

ki'-ya, v. aux. pos. of ya or yaŋ.

ki'-ya, adv. towards, as in ektakiya; separately, in different ways, in different places, as, yamnikiya yakonpi, they are in three different places. ki'-ya-dan, adv. near, near to. ki'-ya-hda, v. to have gone home. This is used only in the first and second persons,—wakiyahda, yakiyahda, unkiyahdapi. See kihda. ki-ya'-hda-pta, v. to have passed over, as a hill, in going home,-wakiyahdapta. ki-ya'-ka-pta, v. n. to have passed over, as a hill, in going home,—wakiyakapta or wakiyawakapta.

ki-ya'-ksa, v. of yaksa; to bite in two in the ki-yu'-spa, v. a.
middle,-kimdaksa, kiuŋyaksapi.
ki-ya'-mna, v. of yamna; to acquire for another
by talking,-wakiyamna, makiyamna.
ki-yan'-ya, v. to be nearly finishing,—kiyan-
mda.

ki-ya'-pa, v. of yapa; to suck for, take in the
mouth and suck, as the Dakota conjurers do in
the case of a sick person,-wakiyapa, makiyapa,
unkiyapapi. See kidiyapa.

ki-ya'-pa-pi, n. drawing with the mouth.
ki-ya'-tan-in, v. a. to make manifest to or for,-
wakiyatanin.

ki-ya'-ya, v. n. to go by or near a place,-kiya-
waya, kiyayaya.

ki-ya'-ya, v. of iyaya; to go by or pass. Part.,

went, gone,-uŋkiyayapi. ki'-ye-daŋ, adv. near, near to.

ki-yo'-hi, v. to reach home,-wakiyohi, yakiyohi,
unkiyohipi.

ki'-yo-ki-żu, v. n. to unite.
ki'-yo-ki-zu-ya, v. a. to put together, cause to
unite; to add together, sum up,-kiyokiżuwaya.
ki'-yo-ki-zu-ya, adv. together, unitedly.
ki'-yo-tan-ka, v. n. to arrive and remain at
home. Said, by the person who arrives or by
another person, when away from the place,-
wakimdotanka, yakidotaŋka, uŋkiyotan kapi.
ki-yu'-ġan, v. a. to open for one, as a door,-
wakiyugan.

ki-yu'-ga-ta, v. a. to open as the hand to, to
stretch out the hand to; to implore, as in wor-
ship, wakiyugata.

ki-yu'-ha, v. of yuha; to have or keep for one, -wakiyuha, unkiyuhapi.

ki-yu'-ha, v. a. to copulate, as the male and female of animals. Hence, Takiyuha wi, the moon when the deer copulate, answering to November. ki-yu'-kan, v. a. to make room for, as in a tent, give place to; to pass by or away from, leave unmolested,-wakiyukan, uŋkiyukanpi, makiyukan, ćićiyukan.

ki-yu'-ksa, v. of yuksa; to break in two one's own; to break or violate, as a law or custom,kimduksa and wakimduksa, kiduksa, uŋkiyuksapi.

Ki-yu'-ksa, n. a band of Dakotas, Wapasha's band. So called, it is said, from the intermarrying of relations among them.

ki-yu'-se, v. a. to hate one, do evil to one,wakimduśe, yakiduśe, uŋkiyuśepi, makiyuśe, ćićiyuse.

ki-yu'-śka, v. a. to loose, untie, unharness; to release from prison or confinement,-wakiyuśka and wakimduśka, yakiduśka, unkiyuśkapi.

to break into pieces, divide, as bread; to divide, as in arithmetic; to deliver or free, as from a trap or evil of any kind,—kimduspa and wakimduśpa, kiduśpa and yakiduśpa, unkiyuspapi, makiyuśpa. ki-yu'-spa-pi, n. arithmetic, division.

a dividing, delivering; in

ki-yu'-spa-pi-han-ska, n. long division.
ki-yu'-spa-spa, v. red. of kiyuśpa.

ki-yu'-te, n. a strait or channel; an isthmus.
See okiyute.

ki-yu'-za, r. a. to hold to one,-wakiyuza.
ki-yu'-za-mni, v. a. to open to or for one; to
uncover for one,—wakiyuzamni.

ki-yu'-za-ża, v. of yuzaża; to wash one's own;
to wash for another, wakiyużaża.

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ki'-za, v. a. to fight, quarrel with,-wakiza, unkizapi, makiza, ćićiza.

ki-żo'-żo, v. to whistle for, to call one's own by whistling, as one's dog,-wakiżożo.

ko, conj. and, too, also.

ko, in comp. quick: waćiŋko, quick tempered;
ohanko, quick at work.

ko-da', ከ. the particular friend of a Dakota man.
The Titon wans say kola and kićuwa,―mitakoda,
nitakoda, takodaku.
ko-da'-ki-ći-ya-pi, n. friendship.
ko-da'-ya, v. a. to have for a particular friend,
-kodawaya, kodamayan.

kog, cont. of koka; kog hinhda, to make a sound,
to rattle or ring.

ko-han', adv. soon, quickly, now.
ko-haŋ'-na, adv. soon, very soon, too soon, early.
ko-hans', adv. since that, so that.
ko-hda'-mna, adv. around, over: kohdamna
iću, to put or take around; surrounding.
ko-hda'-mna-yaŋ, v. ɑ. to surround, restrain,
cut off retreat,-kohdamnawaya.
ko-hda'-mni, adv. around, surrounding: kohda-
mni ya, to surround.

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ko-hda'-mni-yan, v. a. to go around, surround;
i. q. kokamya,-kohdamniwaya.
ko-hdi', adj. clear, transparent.

ko-hdi'-hdi, adj. red. of kohdi. The flint-corn is
so called from its transparency.

ko'-ka, n. the sound of a bell, a ringing.
ko-ka', n. a keg, barrel, box: dahidi koka, a
powder-keg.

ko-ka'-daŋ, n. dim. of koká ; a small keg.
ko-kam', adv. beyond, across, by a near way,
before one; i. 9.
ákokam.
ko-kam'-tu, adv. by a near way, across.
ko-ka'-pa, adv. Same as kokam.
ko-ka'-pa-hmi-hma, ». a keg that is rolled, i. e.
a barrel.

ko-ka'-pa-tan-han, adv. by a near way, across. ko'-ke-dan, adv. quickly, rapidly: oićali kokedan, of quick growth; oyale kokedan, it boils away fast.

ko'-ki-ća-hdo-ka, v. n. to be opened through on both sides kokićahdog iyaya.

ko'-ki-ća-spa, v. to dig two holes into one,kowećaśpa.

ko'-ki-ći-wa-sin, adv. See kokićiyasin. ko'-ki-ći-ya-hdan, adv. linked together, as the links of a chain; entangled, as the horns of a deer in brush.

ko'-ki-ći-ya-sin, adv. uniting, coming together and flowing on, as two streams in one. ko-ki'-pa, v. a. to fear, be afraid of one,-kowakipa, koyakipa, kounkipapi, komakipa, konićipa, koćićipa.

ko-ki'-pa-pi, part. feared. Hence, wokokipe, fear.

ko-ki'-pe-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to fear,-kokipewakiya.

ko-ki'-pe-ya, v. a. to cause to fear, make afraid of,-kokipewaya.

ko-ki'-pe-ya-han, adv. fearing, fearful, afraid : kokipeyahan wauŋ, I am fearful. ko'-ki-spa, v. n. to join, unite. ko'-ki-śpe-ya, v. a. to cause to join,-kokiśpe

waya.

ko'-ki-źu, v. n. to come together.

ko'-ki-zu-ya, v. a. to cause to unite together.} ko'-ki-zu-ya, adv. unitedly. ko'-ko, adv. red. of ko.

ko'-ko-dan, adv. lively.

ko-kog'-ya, adv. rattling.

ko'-ko-han-na, adv. lively.

ko-ko'-ka, v. n. to rattle, as a stiff skin. ko-ko'-zu-ha, n. an empty cask, barrel, or keg. ko'-kta, adv. also, besides. ko'-kta-ya, adv. besides. ko-kto'-pa-win-ge, adj. a thousand. See kektopawinge.

kon, v. to desire, to covet,-wakon, yakoŋ, uŋkonpi. kon, n.

mother-in-law; konku, his or her motherin-law. See kuŋ.

kon'-kon-ta. Same as kontkonta. kon'-ta-han, part. uneven, ridged. kon'-tkon-ta, adj. uneven, with ridges. Hence, ćanbakontkonta, a wash-board.

kon-yan', v. n. to start in sleep,—wakonyan : konyan hinhda, he started suddenly.

kon'-za, v. to determine, influence; to pretend, as, witko konza, to pretend to be drunk,-wakonza, yakonza, unkon zapi.

ko'-pa, n. a fearful place; fear.

ko'-pa, adj. insecure, exposed to be killed by an
enemy; in fear: kope waun, I am in fear.
ko'-pe-hda, v. n. to be afraid, be in fear,-kope-
wahda, kopeyahda, kopeunhidapi.
ko'-pe-ya, v. a.
ko'-pe-ya, adv.

to make afraid,-kopewaya.
insecurely.

kos, cont. of koza; nape kos waun, I am beckoning with my hand.

ko-san'-ta, adv. from one to another: kosanta wićawaku, I gave away what was given to me. kos-ko'-za, v. red, of koza.

kos-ya', v. a. to cause to wave or make a signal, -koswaya.

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ko'-ya, conj. and, too, also.

ko-yag', cont. of koyaka; koyag waun, I am wearing; koyag han, standing clothed, hitched up, harnessed.

ko-yag'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to put on or wear, -koyagwakiya, koyagmakiya.

ko-yag'-ya, v. a. to cause to put on; to attach to,-koyagwaya.

ko-ya'-haŋ, v. n. to be quick in doing a thing, to hasten, hurry,-koyawahan, koyayahan, koyaunhanpi.

ko-ya'-han-na, adv. quickly, immediately. ko-ya'-ka, v. a. to put on or wear, as clothes,komdaka, kodaka, kounyakapi, komayaka. ko-ya'-ka-pi, part. clothed taku koyakapi, clothing. See wokoyake.

ko-ya'-non, or koyanun, v. n. to be of quick

growth, precocious,-koyamanon, koyaninoŋ. ko'-za, v. a. to strike at, shake at; to wave, as a

signal, brandish, as a sword,-wakoza, uŋkozapi: sina koza, to wave one's blanket; nape koza, to wave the hand.

kpa, a pos. prefix. Verbs that take 'pa' as a prefix, make the possessive form by adding 'k' or 't,' as pagan, kpagan.

kpa, adj. durable, lasting, not soon eaten up, as some kinds of food; for instance, rice.

kpa, adj. punched out: noge kpa, deaf: ista kpa, blind.

kpa-ġan', v. pos. of pagan; to spare or give away one's own,-wakpagan, unkpaganpi. kpa-ha-ha-pi-ka, n. one who is put forward in company,―makpahahapika.

kpa-hi', v. pos. of pahi; to pick up one's own,wakpahi, unkpahipi.

kpa-hmon', or kpahmun, v. pos. of pahmon; to twist one's own,wakpahmon.

kpa-hde'-ća, v. pos. of palideća; to make a hole in one's own, to lance,—wakpahdeća. kpa-hpa', v. pos. of palpa; to lay down or put

off one's own load,-wakpalipa. kpa-kin'-ta, v. pos. of pakinta; to wipe one's own,-wakpakinta, unkpakintapi. kpa-kpi', v. pos. of pakpi; to crack or break

one's own, as a chicken breaking its shell. kpa-ksi'-ża, v. pos. of paksiźa; to double up one's own,-wakpakšića.

kpa-ku'-ka, v. pos. of pakuka; to wear out one's own by rubbing,-wakpakuka. kpa-man', v. pos. of paman;

wakpaman.

to file one's own,—

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own dry by wiping,―wakpapuza. kpa-snon', v. pos. of pasnoŋ; to roast one's own meat, wakpasnoŋ.

kpa-su'-ta, v. pos. of pasuta; to make hard by

kneading one's own bread,-wakpasuta.

kpa'-ta, v. pos. of púta: to cut up or carve one's own meat,―wakpata.

kpa-tan', v. pos. of patan; to take care of one's own, think much of so as to spare or not use it up,—wakpatan, yakpatan, uŋkpatanpi. kpa'-za, adj. dark. See okpaza. kpa-zan', v. of pazan; to part or separate one's own,—wakpazaŋ.

kpa-źa'-ża, v. pos. of paźaża; to wash out one's own, as one's own gun,-wakpaźaża. kpa-źu'-źu, v. pos. of paźużu; to rub out one's own,-wakpaźużu.

kpe, adj. See kpa.

kpe-han', v. pos. of pehan; to fold up one's own, -wakpehan.

kpu-kpa', adv. mixed up, as water and grease in soup.

kpu-kpe'-ya, adv. mixed up, all kinds together. kpu-spa', v. pos. of puspa; to glue or seal one's own,-wakpuspa.

kpu-ta'-ka, v. pos. of putaka; to touch one's own. See ikputaka.

ksa, adj. separated. See baksa, kaksa, yuksa, etc.

ksa'-han, part. broken in two of itself. ksa-ksa'-pa, adj. red. of ksapa.

ksam, cont. of ksapa.

ksam-ya', v. a. to make wise,-ksamwaya.
ksam-ya', adv. wisely, prudently.
ksam-ya'-han, adv. wisely.

ksa'-pa, adj. wise, prudent, having understand-
ing,-waksapa, yaksapa, unksapapi.
ksa-wa'-han, part. broken in two.
ksi'-ze-ća, adj. grum, growling, i. q. waćinko,
-maksizeća.

ksu-we', v. n. to be hurt. See ksuweya. ksu-we'-ya, v. a. to hurt or injure the flesh or

body of any one,―ksuwewaya, ksuwemayan. ksu-ye'-ya, v. a. to hurt, injure, inflict pain upon.-ksuyewaya. Same as ksuweya.

ksa, adj. bent. See yuksa.

ksa'-dan, adj. bent.

ksa'-ka, adj. bent up, as an aged person, decrepit, -maksaka.

ksan, adj. crooked. See yuksaŋ. ksan-ksan', red. of kśaŋ.

ksan-ksan', v. n.

to wriggle, as a fish.

ksan-ksan'-yan, adv. crookedly.

ksan-yan', v. a. to make crooked, to crook, bend, -ksanwaya.

ksan-yan', adv. crookedly.

ksa-wa'-han, part. rolled up.

ksi-ksa', adj. numb, stiff with cold.
ksi-ksan', adj. crooked. See paksikśan.
ksi-ksi'-ża, adj. red. of ksiża.

ksis, cont. of ksiźa; kśiśiçidaka, to regard oneself as bent up.

ksi'-ża, adj. bent. See yukśiża, etc. ksi-ża'-haŋ, part. bent up, doubled up. ksi-za'-wa-han, part. bent up.

kta and kte, v. aux. shall or will. The usual sign of the future tense.

kta, v. to wait for, to neglect doing and expect another to do,-wakta, yakta.

kta'-ka, v. to wait, expect another to act,-waktaka.

ktan, adj. crooked, bent. See yuktan. ktan-ktan', adj. crooked.

ktan-ktan'-ki-ya, adv. crookedly, indirectly, zigzag.

ktan-ktan'-yan, adv. crookedly.
ktan-yan', adv. crookedly.
kte, v. Same as kta.

kte, v. a. to kill any thing,-wakte, yakte, uŋktepi, makte, nikte, éikte: tin wićakte, to kill one of one's own people, commit murder; akićita kte, to kill as a soldier, that is, to execute a sentence on one, by breaking his gun, cutting up his blanket or tent, or killing his horse.

kte'-daŋ, v. a. to overcome, be victorious over; to win, beat in gambling,-waktedaŋ, unktepidan; to be overcome,—maktedan. kte-ki'-ya, v. a. to cause to kill,-ktewakiya. kto, adv. why? what of it? This is chiefly used in answering questions; as, hećanon he, didst thou do it? haŋ hećamon, kto, yes, I did it; why?

ku, suffix pron. his, hers, etc.

ku, v. n. to come towards home, to be coming home, —waku, yaku, uŋkupi.

ku'-će-daŋ, adv. low, low down, near the ground:

wi kućedan, the sun is low. ku-će'-e-daŋ, adv. See kućeyedaŋ. ku-će'-ye-dan, adv. low down.

ku-ka', adj. rotten, tender, worn out, as clothes; spoiled, as meat. ku-ke'-ya, v. a.

to make rotten, to wear out,—ku

kewaya. ku-ke'-ya, adv. rotten, spoiled, decayed, fallen to pieces: kukeya span, to be cooked too much. ku-ku'-se, n. a hog, hogs; pork.

ku-ku'-se-i-hdi, n. hog's lard.
ku-ku'-se-siŋ, n. fat pork, pickled pork.

ku-ku'-ya, adv. under, below.

kun, adv. below, under, beneath, down: kun ku, come down.

kuŋ, n. mother-in-law: nikuŋ, thy mother-in-law;

kunku, his or her mother-in-law. See unći. kun'-ksi-tku and kuŋkišitku. See kunśi. kuns-ya', adv. of kunza; pretending. kuns-ya'-ken, adv. pretending. kuŋ'-śi, n. grandmother: nikuŋśi, thy grandmother, kunśitku, kuŋksitku and kuŋkiśitku, his or her grandmother. See unći.

kun'-tki-ya, adv. downwards. See kutkiya. kun-ya', v. a. to have for mother-in-law,―kun

waya.

kun'-za, v. Same as konza.

ku-se', v. n. to leak, as a vessel.
ku-śde'-ća, n. the king-fisher.
kus-ku'-za-pi, adj. red. pl. of kuża.
ku'-tan-han, adv. low down.

ku-te', v. a. to shoot any thing with a gun or arrow; to shoot with the medicine-bag. When a person is introduced into the secret society called "the Sacred Dance," he is shot, or pretended to be shot, by the beads or claws which are contained in the medicine-bags of the members. When the missile is extracted by the same conjuring process, and not until then, do they live again. This is their story,-wakute, uŋkutepi, ćićute wićawakute, I shoot them; kikute, to shoot for one; kićićutepi, they shoot each other.

ku-te'-ye-dan, adv. Same as kućeyedan. ku'-tki-ya, adv. downwards.

ku'-wa, v. imperat. come here: kuwa wo, kuwa po. This is used in the imperative only. ku'-wa, v. a. to follow after, chase, hunt, as, siŋkpe kuwa, to hunt musk-rats; to chase, pursue, as, kuwa amau, he chases me; to treat or act towards one, as, tanyaŋ kuwa, to treat well, śićaya kuwa, to treat ill, persecute; to pursue, prosecute, as work,—wakuwa, uŋkuwapi.

ku-wa'-ćin, v. to think of coming home. ku'-ya, adv.

down.

below, beneath, under, underneath,

ku'-ya-tan-haŋ, adv. from below. ku'-ża, adj. lazy, idle,—makuża, nikuża. ku-zi'-ța, v. to die or be dying of laziness, to be very lazy,-kuźimata.

K.

k, the thirteenth letter of the Dakota alphabet. This sound is made by fixing the organs so as to make 'k,' and then pressing the back part of the tongue against the roof of the mouth and withdrawing it suddenly, which makes what may be denominated a click. The other consonants of this class are έ, p, t.

ka, conj. and. When 'a' or 'an' final in words immediately preceding is changed into 'e,' ka becomes ça.

ķa, v. a. to dig, as the ground,—waka, yaka, unkapi; ićića, to dig for oneself,-mićiça; kićića, to dig for another,—wećića. ka-as', adv.

even if, indeed. ka-es', adv. even if.

ka-es'-toś, adv. at any rate.

ka'-is, conj. or.

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ke'-ća, intj. expressive of unbelief; indeed! ke'-ġa, v. to grate, scrape. See bokega. ke-han', adv. when. This always refers to past time. It becomes çehan after 'e' which has taken the place of 'a' or 'an.' ken, cont. of keġa.

keh-ke'-ġa, v. red. of keġa;

scraping along. keh-keh', cont. of kehkega; kehkeh ya, to go scraping along.

keh-keh'-ya, adv. in a scraping manner: keh

kehya mda, I go scraping along.

kes, cont. of ķeza.

kes-ke'-za, adj. red. of keza; smooth, trodden down.

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