ho-wa'-ya, v. n. to cry out, groan,-wahowamda, yahowada: śićahowaya, to cry out badly wasićahowamda.

ho'-ya, v. there is fish; said when fish assemble in one place and die there: hoya kta, there will be fish.

ho-ya', v. to use the voice of another, as to have another sing in one's stead,―howaya, hoćiya. ho'-ya-ġi-ta, v. (ho and yaġita) to make the voice hoarse by speaking,-homdagita. ho-ye', v. imperat. Same as howo. Ye and pe are the precatory terminations of the imperative mood, and the forms used by the women. ho'-ye-ki-ya, v. a. (ho and yekiya) to cry to, call to, pray to,—hoyewakiya, hoyeyakiya, hoyeunkiyapi.

ho'-ye-ya, v. a. (ho and yeya) to cause the voice

to go to,-hoyewaya, hoyeunyanpi. ho'-yu-hi, n. a ring in timber, a year's growth; a line or wrinkle in the skin of a person. ho'-yu-psi-ća, v. a. to make fish jump, i. e. to catch fish with a hook and line,―homdupsića, hounyupsićapi.

ho'-yu-sde-će-ton, v. n. to have wrinkles, to become old,-hoyusdećewaton. ho-zi'-zi-dan, n. (hogan and zizi) the perch, a kind of fish. See śintaka.

hu, v. a. to copulate, have intercourse with a female,—wahu, yahu, uŋhupi.

hu, n. a bone, bones,-mihu, nihu, wićahu; the leg, legs of a person or animal, as humayukan, I have legs; the stock or stem of any thing, as of a plant, tree, etc.; the wheel of a waggon, etc. See huha and huhu.

hu-a-ki-pe, n. See huwakipe.

hu-ćan', n. (hu and can) the stock of a gun; the shaft of an arrow.

hu-ha', n. the limbs, members of the body, as the legs and arms; the legs of any thing, as of a kettle.

hu-ha'-sa-pe-daŋ, n. (huha and sapa) the blacklegged fox.

hu-ha'-sa-daŋ, n. (huha and sa) the red-legged fox.

hu-ha'-toŋ, v. n. (huha and toŋ) to have legs or limbs,-huhawaton.

hu-ha'-to-pa, n. (huha and topa) a quadruped, the wolf in particular.

hu-ha'-ya, v. a. to have for members, use for legs,-huhawaya.

hu'-hde, v. a. (hu and hde) to set out, plant out,

as a young tree or plant of any kind,-huwahde, huunhdepi.

hu-hde'-pi, n. things set out, plants.

hu-hu', n. a bone, bones, of the bone kind: maza huhu, arm-bands, probably because at first they were made of bone.

hu-hus', cont. of huhuza.

hu-hus'-ya, v. a. to cause to shake, to shake, -huhuswaya.

hu-hus'-ya, adv. in a shaking manner. hu-hu'-to-pa-o-wa-hde, n. the large end of the thigh-bone.

hu-hu'-za, adj. shaking, trembling,-mahuhuza, nihuhuza.

hu-hu'-za-han, part. shaken, shaking.

hu'-K'a, n. bones bare or stripped of flesh, a skeleton tihuh'a, the skeleton of a house, as when the poles of a lodge are left standing. hu'-ha-ka, n. a spear for killing muskrats. hu'-h'a-pi, n. a skeleton.

hu'-h'a-ya, adv. skeleton-like, as the poles of a tent: huh'aya haŋ, to stand as a skeleton. hu-Kba', n. a kind of large water-grass, the stalks of which are eaten by the Dakotas.

hu-hna'-ġa, v. See huhinaga, the more correct

hu-mdo', n. the shin-bone. hu-na'-pta, v. to be lame: sićogan nawapta, I have sprained my ankle. Said when the muscle is so injured as to make one lame. hu-na'-ste, v. to sprain one's leg,-hunawaste. hu'-ni. See hihuni.

hu'-non-pa, n. (hu and nonpa) a biped, man, in the sacred language.

hun, n. mother,―nihun, thy mother; huŋku, his or her mother. See ina, my mother. hun-hun'-he, intj. alas! hunh, n. some, a part. huŋh'-na-na, adv. only a part.

hun-ka', n. a parent or ancestor; an elder brother is often so called,-mihunka; one who has raised himself or herself in the estimation of the people so as to be considered as a kind of benefactor or parent of all; the sun is sometimes so called from his munificence.

hun-ka'-ke, n. an ancestor,-mihuŋkake, nihunkake, wićahunkake.

hun-ka'-ke-ya, v. a. to have for an ancestor,—— hunkakewaya, hunkakeunyanpi.

brethren.

hun-ka'-wan-żi, n. a brother, one of the same family,-mihunkawaŋżi, nihuŋkawanźi. hun-ka'-wan-żin-ki-ći-ya-pi, n. hun-ka'-wan-zin-ya, v. a. to have for a brother, count as brother,-hunkawanźinwaya. hun-ka'-wan-źi-tku, n. his brother. hun-ka'-ya, v. to consider and honor as hunka, -huŋkawaya, huŋkaunyanpi.

hun-ka'-ya-pi, n. one who is called hunka. Used also for deacon or elder; the sun.

hun'-ke-śni, v. n. to be slow, not fast, in walking or working, wahun keśni, yahuŋkeśni, unhuŋkapiśni ćante hunkeśni, low-spirited.

hun-kti'-ya, v. imperat. only; go away, go along, get out of the way,-hunktiya wo. hun'-ku, n. his or her mother.

hun'-ku-ya, v. a. to call mother, have for mother, -huŋkuwaya, hunkuyaya. hun-pe', n. See honpe.

hun-ska', n. leggins; hunska oton, to wear leggins.

hun-ska'-ya, v. a. to have for leggins, make

leggins of,-hunskawaya. hun-ski'-ća-he, n. garters.

hun-ste', adv. well, at any rate; ećamon kta hunste, I will do it at any rate; hećetu kte hunste, well, so it will be.

hun'-tka, n. a large water-fowl, the cormorant: hu-pa'-hu, n. the knee; the knee-pan, patella. hu-pa'-za-hde, v. to sit with the knees bent up. hu-pa'-za-hde-ya, adv. hupazahdeya wanka, to lie on the back with the knees sticking up. hu-san'-hmi, adj. very lean; i. q. tamaheća

hinća.

hu-sdi', n. the lower part of the leg, just above the ankle; the ankle. hu'-stag, cont. of hustaka.

hu'-stag-ya, v. a. to enfeeble,-hustagwaya. hu'-sta-ka, v. n. to be faint, weak, weary, feeble, lame,-humastaka.

hu-ste', adj. lame,-humaste, huniste, huunśtepi. hu-ste'-ken, adv. lamely: huśteken mani. hu-ste'-ya, v. a. to make lame,-huśtewaya. hu-ste'-ya, adv. limpingly. hu-ste'-ya-ken, adv. lamely.

hu'-ta, n. the root of a tree or plant: ćan huta, a stump with sprouts, the bottom of a tree. hu-ta', n. the shore or margin of a river or lake; the edge of a prairie or wood.

hu'-ta-hu, n. the part on top of the leg-bone, the shin-bone.

hu'-tam, adv. cont. of hutapa; hutam yeye ćiŋ, along the shore.

hu'-tam-ya, adv. by the edge or shore; at the time of need or extremity. See hutamyaken.

hu'-tam-ya-ken, adv. by the edge or shore; at the time of need, in one's extremity: hutamyaken ómayakiye śni, you did not help me when I was most in need. hu-ta'-na-ku-te, v. n. to play with the hutinaćute; to throw a stick so as to make it slide along on the snow,-hutanawakute.

hu-ta'-pa, adv. out back; i. q. ćanyata. hu-ta'-ta, adv. at the shore or edge; to the shore; to the woods or interior: hutata unyanpi. hu-ta'-ta-ki-ya, adv. towards the shore. hu'-te, n. the bottom, as of a tree, the lowest part, root: canhute, the roots of a tree. hu-ti'-na-cu-te, n. a long stick with a large head, which the Dakotas make slide on the snow or ice.

hu-tkan', n. a root, the roots of trees, plants, etc. hu-tkan'-o-mdo-toŋ, n. (hutkaŋ and omdoton) the square root, in arithmetic. hut-o'-tkon-za, n. a bluff shore with deep water below.

hu-to'-ske, adj. broad at one end, tapering. hu-wa'-ki-pe, n. the smaller bones in the lower leg and fore-arm: ćankpe huwakipe, the fibula; ispa huwakipe, the ulna. hu-wa'-pa, n. an ear of corn, corn unshelled. See wahuwapa.

hu-wa'-pa-hpe, n. See huwapahpe.

hu-we', v. to bring, fetch. Used with other verbs, as huwe ya, to go to bring,-huwe mda; huwe i, to have been for; huwe hi, to have come for.

hu-ya', v. to have for a bone, have for a staff or leg,—huwaya.

hu-ya'-ta, adv. in the leg.

hu-yo'-ka-hmin, n. the hollow behind the knee. hwo, adv. interrogative. Commonly used when the speaker is at a distance: toki da hwo, where are you going?

Н.

, the tenth letter of the Dakota alphabet. It represents a deep surd guttural.

ha, adj. curled, rough. See yuha, to curl. ha, n. a curl.

ha, v. a. to bury, as a dead person, or as corn in holes or caches,-waha, unhapi.

K'a, adj. grey or mixed, as black and white, the black appearing under the white, as in the bad

ger.

ha-ha', adj. red. of ha; curling, curled. See yuhaha.

ha-ha', n. waterfalls, so called from the curling of the waters; esp. the Falls of St. Anthony.

Ha-ha'-mdo-te, n. the mouth of the St. Peter's

or Minnesota river.

Ha-ha'-ton-waŋ, n. p. the Chippewa or Ojibwa

Indians, the name given to them by the Dakotas, as those who make their village at the falls. Ha-ha'-wa-kpa, n. the Mississippi river, lit. river of the falls.

ha'-ka, adj. branching, having many prongs, as some deer's horns. See helaka.

ha-ka', adj. ruffled, not smooth, made rough, as a feather.

ha-kpa', adj. not straight or level, a little curved; ruffled.

ham, cont. of hapa; ham hinhda and ham iyaya, to start up, as something scared. ham-ham'-ya, v. red. of hamya. ham-ha'-pa, v. red. of hapa. ham-ha'-pe-daŋ, n. the name given to silk cloth of any kind, probably from the rustling noise made in handling it.

ha-mna', adj. smelling like stale meat, tainted. ham-ya', v. a. to frighten or scare away any thing, as wild animals; to drive off,-hamwaya. han, n. a scab han hinhpaya, the scab has fallen off. Kaŋ, v. n.

to do, work, act, in any way,-walian, unhanpi token yahan he, what are you doing? Kan-di'-ta, v. n. to be active, make progress in work: handita waun, I am active.

han-di'-ta-ya, v. a. to spur one up,-handitawaya handitaiçiya, to spur oneself up,-handitamiçiya.

han-di'-ta-ya, adv. actively.

han-han'-ska, v. n. to be long-winded, not soon tired.

Kan-hi', v. n. to be slow at work, advance slowly or leisurely, hanwahi, hanuŋhipi. han-hi'-ka, n. one who is slow at work, one who is incapable, hanwahika.

han-hi'-ki-ya, adv. slowly, carefully, as in finishing a piece of work.

han-hi'-ya, adv. slowly, with difficulty. han-hi', adj. sloppy, slushy.

han-i'-ța, v. n. to give out at work, be laid up by work,-hanimața.

han-i'-te-ya, v. a. to cause to give out at work, -hanitewaya.

han'-i-yo-kpa-ni, v. See hanokpani. han'-i-yo-tpa-ni, v. See hanotpani.

han-o'-kpa-ni, v. n. to be unable to reach or to do, unable to accomplish; hanokpani waun, I am unable to accomplish.

han-o'-kpa-ni-yaŋ, v. a. to cause to fail of accomplishing,-hanokpaniwaya, haŋokpaniunyan

pi.

han-o'-tpa-ni, v. n. Same as hanokpani. han-o'-tpa-ni-yaŋ, v. Same as hanokpaniyan. han-pi'-ća, v. that can be done : token hanpića śni, it cannot be done.

han-te', n. the cedar, of the genus Juniperus and Cupressus.

han-te'-sa, n. See hanteśadan.

Kan-te'-sa-dan, n. the red cedar, Juniperus virginius.

han-yan', v. n. to fail, decline, sink away, as in sickness; to be near death, i. q. wanna te kta; to be very tired,―hanwaya, haŋunyanpi. han-ye'-ća, v. n. to fail, decline, sink away, as in approaching death,―hanwayeća.

ha-tpa', adj. ruffled, as feathers or hair. See hakpa.

hba, adj. sleepy, drowsy,—maliba, unħbapi, wićalba. hba'-ka, adj. hba'-ya, v. a.

sleepy, mild, gentle,—mahbaka. to make sleepy,-hbawaya. hba'-ya, adv. mildly, gently.

hba'-ye-dan, adv. softly, gently, mildly : ĥbayedan waun.

Kbog'-ya, adv. collected, together.

hda-hda'-ye-dan, adv. not securely, loosely: hdaldayedan wahnaka, I placed it loosely. hda-hda'-yen, adv. not securely: hdahidayen hnake śni, he has not placed it in securely. ħdah-ya', adv. to a distance, i. q. tehan; removing.

hdah-ye'-ća, v. n. to remove or go off to a distance: hdalyeće śni, it does not go off, said of deer or other animals that stay about in the same place. hda-ya', adv. rattling; not safely. hda-yen', adv. not securely or safely.

hdi, v. n. to break out in sores, be sore, raw,— mahdi, unhdipi: ćankahu hdi, to have a sore back, as a horse.

ħdi, n.

a running sore, a raw place. hdi, adj. miry. See kahdi.

hdi-hdi', adj. red. of hidi; broken out in sores; miring.

hdi-hdi'-dan, adj. miry, muddy.
hdo, v. n. to growl, as a dog.
hdo-ġe'-ća, adj. hollow, as a tree.

hdo-han', adj. slovenly, not well put on, as clothes.

hdo-he'-ća, adj. slovenly.

hdo-he'-ya, adv. in a slovenly manner.
hdo-hdo'-ka, adj. full of holes. See hdoka.
hdo-hdo'-ka-han, part. full of holes.
hdo-hdo'-ka-wa-han, part. having holes in.
hdo'-ka, n. a hole mini hidoka, a spring.
hdo'-ka, part. See kalidoka.

hdo-ka'-han, part. opened, having a hole in. hdo-ka'-wa-han, part. having a hole in. hdo-ki'-ya, v. a. to make growl,-hdowakiya. Kdo-ya', v. a. to cause to growl,―hdowaya. hdo-ya', adv. growling.

he, n. a high hill or ridge of hills, a mountain; esp., the Coteau des prairies. he-gin'-će, n. dross: pa heginée, dandruff. See also ġinginća.

h'e-h'e', adj. dangling, ragged.

he'-i-mni-za, n. (he and imniza) a rocky ridge. he-in'-kpa, n. the brink or brow of a hill, the end of a hill. See hinkpa. he-in'-tpa, n. Same as heinkpa.

he'-i-pa, n. the brow of a hill; esp., the head or commencement of the Coteau des prairies. he-ku', n. the foot of a hill back from a river:

heku unyanpi, we go at the foot of the hill. he'-ma-ya-ćan, n. a wooded hill.

he'-mdo, n. a hill-top, ridge; i. q. mdamdata. he'-mdo-ka, n. Same as hemdo.

he-mni'-ćan, n. (he mni and can) a hill that appears as if it were in the water; Red Wings village, a short distance above Lake Pepin, is so called.

he-na'-ke-ya, adj. sloping, sideling.

he'-pe-se, adv. hepese elipeya, to make a splash, as in throwing any thing into water.

het-a'-źu, v. a. to put ashore, as the load of a boat. See wahetażu.

he-wan'-ke, n. frost, hoar-frost.

he-wo'-skan, n. an uninhabited, desert place. he-wo'-skan-tu, adv. in a desert place. he-wo'-skan-tu-ya, adv. away from any dwelling, in a desert place, solitarily.

he-wo'-ta-he-dan, adv. where no one lives, in a desert place.

he-ya'-ka, n. a hill, river hill, mountain. he-ya'-ka-ta, adv. at the hill.

he-yam', cont. of heyapa; by land, following the hill: heyam unyaŋpi, we go by land. he-yan', cont. of heyata; inland, in the interior. he-ya'-pa, v. n. to go by land, travel by land, in distinction from going by water,-heyawapa. he-ya'-ta, adv. back by the hill, back from a river, back from a fire, out back, back, behind : heyata ya, to go out back, retire, withdraw,— heyata mda; heyata iyeya, to shove aside or back, put out of office, reject.

hi-ća'-han, v. n. to slip, miss step, stumble and fall,-mahićahan. hi-ća'-he-ya, v. a.

hićahewaya.

to cause to slip and fall,—

hin, adv. cont. of hinća; very. hin'-ća, adv. very: waste hinća, very good; śiće hinća, very bad.

hin-ća'-ke, adv. very, indeed.

hin'-kpa, n. (he and inkpa) the brow of a hill. hin'-kpa-ta, adv. to or at the top of the hill: hinkpata unyanpi kta, we will go to the top of the hill.

hin'-kpa-tan-han, adv. at the hill-top, from the

hill.

Kin-tkan'-hu, n. the upper arm-bone. Hintkan alone is said not to be used.

hin'-tpa, n. Same as hinkpa.

hin'-tpa-ta, adv. Same as hinkpata.

hin'-tpa-tan-han, adv. Same as hinkpatan han. hin-yan'-tan, n. the daisy, which the Dakotas use in dyeing yellow.

hi-ya'-ya, adv. bungled. See yuhiyaya. hmin, adj. crooked, misshapen: siha himin, a crooked foot.

hmin-ħmin', adj. red. of himin.

hmin-hmin'-yan, adv. red. of himinyan; crookedly.

hmin'-yan, adv. crookedly.

See hmunga.

hmu'-ġa, v. kmuŋ, v. n. to buzz, hum, as the stones of a mill

or the flapping of birds' wings; to whistle, as a bullet hmun hiŋhda, to make a buzzing noise suddenly.

hmun'-ġa, v. a. to cause sickness or death, as the Dakotas pretend to be able to do, in a supernatural way; to bewitch, kill by enchantment,-wahmunga, unhmungapi, mahmunġa; kićihmungapi, bewitching each other.

ħmun'-ġa, adj. smelling strong, fishy, rancid, stinking, as grease.

hmuŋh'-mna, v. n. to smell rancid or fishy. hmun-hmun', v. red. of hmun; to buzz. hmun-hmun'-ġa, adj. red. of hmunga; rancid. hmuŋ-ya', v. a. to cause to hum, make buzz,— hmunwaya.

hmun-yan', adv. buzzing.

Kna, v. n.

to snort, as something dying. hna-han', adj. slovenly, not tidy, hanging, as a horse's lip.

hna-he'-ya, adv. loosely, slovenly: hnaheya un, he is slovenly.

hni'-yan, v. éante hniyan, to flutter or be troubled, be sick at the stomach, as from eating too much, -mahniyan.

hni'-yan-yan, adj. afraid, quaking for fear,— mahniyanyan.

hni'-ye-ye-se, adv. in haste, affrightedly: hniyeyese mawani, I walk hastily.

ho, v. n. to stand up on end, as hair. See alo. Иo, intj. of surprise.

ho'-e-ća, intj. expressing dissatisfaction or dis

sent.

ho'-e-ćah, intj. Same as hoećahe.

ho'-e-ća-he, intj. of disbelief and dissent. ho-ka', n. the badger.

ho-na'-ptan, n. See hunnaptan.

hon'-hi-ki-ya, v. a. to finish, perfect. See hunhikiya.

hon'-hi-ya, v. a. to finish, perfect. See hunhiya.

non'-ki-ța, v. n. to become very tired. See hunkita.

hon'-kpa-ni, v. n. to be in an unfinished state. See hunkpani.

hon'-kpa-ni-ki-ya, v. to fail of finishing. See hunkpanikiya.

hon'-kpa-ni-yaŋ, v. See hunkpaniyan.
hon'-tpa-ni, v. See huntpani.
hon'-tpa-ni-ki-ya, v. See huntpanikiya.
hon'-tpa-ni-yaŋ, v. See huntpaniyan.
ho'-pi-dan, intj. astonishing! wonderful!
ho'-pi-dan-ni-ye, intj. astonishing!

ho'-pi-dan-śni, intj. impossible!

ho-pu'-za, n. (he and opuza) a dry country, desert.

ho'-ski, adj. hilly, rough, uneven, as a country. ho'-ski-ski, adj. red. of hośki; abounding in little hills, a hilly country.

ho'-ta, adj. grey, brown.

hot-ho'-ta, adj. red. of hota.

ho-țin'-za, n. (he and otinza) hard ground, a desert.

ho-wo'-skan, n. an uninhabited country.

hpa, part. thrown down. See yulpa. hpa, v. n. to be wet or clogged, as musquitoes'

wings with dew: ćaponka hpapi, the musquitoes are wet with dew.

hpa, adv. together, in a bunch, said of beans or potatoes which grow together. hpa-han', part. thrown down.

hpan, adj. soaked with water, wet. hpan-yan', v. a. to soak or steep in water,

hpanwaya, hрanunyanpi.

hpa-wa'-han, part. thrown off, thrown down.
hpe'-ća, adj. faint, exhausted,-mahpeća; hpeća
śni, untiring, strong to endure fatigue.
hpe-wan'-ka, v. n. to stay with the young, hover
over, as a hen does over her brood, brood over,—
hpemunka.

hpu. See yuhpu.
hpu-han' part. crumbled off.
hpu-hpu', red. of hpu.
hpu-wa'-han, part.

crumbled off, come apart,

as things formerly stuck together. hpu-ya', adv. crumbling off.

hta, cont. of htayetu.

Kta-ću'-śni, n. the cool of the evening.

hta'-ka. See yahtaka.

Kta-ki'-ya, adv. towards evening.

hta'-ki-ya, v. a. to cause to catch and hold, as a trap. See mazahtakiyapi.

hta-ki'-ya-ken, adv. towards evening.

htan, cont. of htata; htan iyaya, to become weak.

hta-ni', v. n. to labor, toil, work, do such labor as the Dakota women do,-htawani, htayani, htaunnipi.

hta'-ni-han, n. yesterday; htanihan sanpa and htanihan ićima, the day before yesterday. hta-ni'-pi, n. laboring; i. q. wićohtani. Ktan'-yan, adj. rough, made rough; i. q. po