The Magnetic Circuit in Theory and Practice

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Longmans, 1896 - 362 páginas

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CONTENTS xiii
50
LamellarSolenoidal Distribution
54
Action of a Permanent Magnet at External Points
62
ARTICLE PAGE 55 LineIntegral of the Demagnetising Intensity
76
Properties of the Resultant Magnetic Intensity
79
Properties of the Magnetisation
80
Properties of the Resultant Magnetic Induction
82
Practical Approximation
83
Ferromagnetic Body conveying a Current
84
Conservation of the Flow of Induction
85
Refraction of the Lines of Induction
86
Representation of the Field by means of Unit Tubes
89
Induced Electromotive Force
91
Faradays Lines of Force
92
Statement of the Problem of Magnetisation
95
Similar Systems Lord Kelvins Rules
96
Uniform Magnetisation
98
Magnetisation of an Ellipsoid
99
Further Special Cases
101
Solution by Successive Superposition
103
CHAPTER V
105
Kirchhoffs Theory
106
Rings of Rectangular and of Circular Section
108
Fundamental Equation of a Radially Divided Toroid
109
First Approximation Limiting Case
111
Divergence of the Lines of Induction
114
Leakage Coefficient
116
Magnetic EndElements on the Boundary Surface
117
Second Approximation 118 80 Second Approximation 81 Toroid with several Radial Slits
119
The Functions v and n are approximately Reciprocal
121
B Experimental 83 The Iron Toroid Examined
123
Standardisation of the Ballistic Galvanometer
124
Tracing the Normal Curve of Magnetisation
125
Arrangement of the Slit
127
The Curves of Magnetisation
129
Discussion of the Principal Results
130
Comparison of Theory and Experiment
134
Empirical Formula for the Leakage
137
APPLICATIONS
139
CHAPTER VI
141
Experiments of Oberbeck with Local Coils
142
Further Experiments by Von Ettingshausen and Mues
143
Theoretical Explanation of the Experiments
145
SelfCompensating Effect of Leakage
146
B Hopkinsons Synthetic Method 96 Principles of the Method
148
Application to Radially Divided Toroids
150
Graphical Representation Transformation of Curves
151
Second Approximation Correction for Leakage
152
Generalisation of the Method
154
Electromagnetic Stress 101 Specification of the state of Stress
155
Resultant Tension in the Gap
156
Theoretical Lifting Force of a Diametrically Divided Toroid
158
Resolution and Interpretation of Maxwells Equation
160
Magnetic Lifting Force 105 Older Investigations
161
Wassmuths Experiments
162
Bidwells Experiments Sources of Error
163
Bosanquets Experiments
164
Conclusions from Maxwells Law
167
LoadRatio of a Magnet
168
CHAPTER VII
170
Continuation Faraday Maxwell
171
Continuation Lord Kelvin
172
Summary
174
ARTICLE PAGE 115 More Recent Developments Rowland
175
Continuation Bosanquet
176
Continuation Kapp Pisati
178
B Modern Conception of the Magnetic Circuit 119 Definitions
179
Ohms Law
181
The Magnetic ReluctanceFunction
182
Summary
184
Comparative Tables
186
CHAPTER VIII
189
Predetermination Total Characteristic
190
Armature yielding a Current External Characteristic
192
CHAPTER X
193
Investigations of Dr Hopkinson
194
Graphical Construction
195
Experimental Determination of the Leakage
197
Introduction of Magnetic Reluctance
199
Calculation of Air Reluctances
201
Other Determinations of Air Reluctances
203
Influence of the Position of the Brushes
204
Calculation of the Armature Reaction
206
Experiments on Reactions of the Armature
208
Empirical Formulæ
209
Frölichs Formula
210
CHAPTER IX
224
Dissipation of Energy by Hysteresis
226
ARTICLE PAGE 149 Influence of Shape Retentivity Coercive Intensity
228
Permanent Magnets
230
Magnetic Reluctance in Joints
232
Influence of Applied Longitudinal Pressure
235
Time Variations of the Magnetic Conditions
236
Discussion of the Function d Bde
237
Simplification with Constant SelfInduction
239
Influence of Variable SelfInductors
241
Sinusoidal Electromotive Forces
244
B Electromagnets for exerting Different Kinds of Pull 158 Principle of Least Reluctance
245
Mechanisms depending on Electromagnetism
247
Small Iron Sphere in a Magnetic Field
248
Attractive Action of Circular Conductors on Sphere
249
Attractive Action of Coils on Spheres
250
Attractive Action of Coils on Iron Cores
252
Polarised Mechanisms
253
Electromagnets with Large Lifting Power
255
Description of some Types of Electromagnets
256
Electromagnets for producing Strong Fields 167 Review of the Usual Types
258
Principles of Design
261
Description of the Electromagnet
262
Coils of the Electromagnet
263
Method of Investigation
265
Confirmation of the Theory
267
Influence of Leakage
268
Theory of Conical PolePieces
269
Experiments with Truncated Cones
271
Mutual Induction
273
Action of Induction Coils
275
Magnetic Circuit of Induction Coils
276
Simultaneous Differential Equations of Transformers
277
Action of an Ideal Transformer
279
Influence of Saturation and of Hysteresis
281
Influence of Leakage
282
Transformer Diagrams
283
Core and Shell Transformers
285
Magnetic Circuit of Transformers
286
Eddy Currents Screening Action
287
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF FIELD INTENSITY ARTICLE PAGE 188 General Introduction
289
Distribution of Magnetic Fields
290
A Magnetometric Methods 190 Plan of Gausss Method
292
Observations of Deflection
294
B Electrodynamic Methods 192 Measurement of a Dynamical Force
296
Measurement of a Torque
297
Measurement of a Hydrostatic Pressure
298
Methods of Induction 195 Arrangement of the Exploring Coil
300
Ballistic Galvanometer
301
Standard Flux of Induction
303
Measurement of a Field by Damping
306
Magnetooptical Methods 199 Rotation of the Plane of Polarisation
307
Standard Glass Plates
308
E Halls Phenomenon MagnetoElectrical Alteration of Resistance 201 Halls Phenomenon
310
Measurement of a Field by Bismuth Spirals
311
F MagnetoHydrostatic Method 203 Principle of the Method
314
Practical Execution
315
CHAPTER XI
317
Discussion of the Shape of the TestPiece
318
Details of the Method
319
Determination of Distribution
320
A Magnetometric Methods 209 Plan of the Experiments
321
Virtual Length of the Magnet
323
ARTICLE PAGE 211 Helmholtzs Method Compensating Coil
324
Searles Curve Tracer
325
Eickemeyers Differential Magnetometer
327
B Electrodynamic Methods 214 Ewings Curve Tracer
328
Apparatus of Koepsel and of Kennelly
331
Induction Methods 216 The Ballistic Method
332
Isthmus Method
333
Yoke Method
335
Various Forms of Closed Yoke
336
Case of great SelfInduction
337
Methods of J and B Hopkinson and of T Gray
339
Kerrs Phenomenon
340
Kundts Phenomenon
342
E Halls Phenomenon Bismuth Spiral 224 Halls Phenomenon Bismuth Spiral
343
F Traction Methods
344
Thompsons Permeameter
345
Magnetic Balance
346
Use of the Balance
349
Magnetohydrostatic Methods
350
INDEX OF NAMES
353
INDEX OF SUBJECTS
356
NOMENCLATURE
361

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